• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2023

The appropriate injection of H₂O₂ is essential to produce hydroxyl radicals (OH·) by mixing H₂O₂ quickly and exposing the resulting H₂O₂ solution to UV irradiation. This study focused on evaluating mixing device of H₂O₂ as a design factor of UV/H₂O₂ AOP pilot plant using a surface water. The experimental investigation involved both experimental and model-based analyses to evaluate the mixing effect of different devices available for the H₂O₂ injection of a tubular hollow pipe, elliptical type of inline mixer, and nozzle-type injection mixer. Computational fluid dynamics analysis was employed to model and simulate the mixing devices. The results showed that the elliptical type of inline mixer showed the highest uniformity of 95%, followed by the nozzle mixer with 83%, and the hollow pipe with only 18%, after passing through each mixing device. These results indicated that the elliptical type of inline mixer was the most effective in mixing H₂O₂ in a bulk. Regarding the pressure drops between the inlet and outlet of pipe, the elliptical-type inline mixer exhibited the highest pressure drop of 15.8 kPa, which was unfavorable for operation. On the other hand, the nozzle mixer and hollow pipe showed similar pressure drops of 0.4 kPa and 0.3 kPa, respectively. Experimental study showed that the elliptical type of inline and nozzle-type injection mixers worked well for low concentration (less than 5mg/L) of H₂O₂ injection within 10% of the input value, indicating that both mixers were appropriate for required H₂O₂ concentration and mixing intensity of UV/ H₂O₂ AOP process. Additionally, the elliptical-type inline mixer proved to be more stable than the nozzle-type injection mixer when dealing with highly concentrated pollutants entering the UV/H₂O₂ AOP process. It is recommended to use a suitable mixing device to meet the desired range of H₂O₂ concentration in AOP process.

• 유변학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 1990

혼합공정은 화학공학, 식품공학, 건축공학등 여러 가지 산업분야에 걸쳐 이용되는데 최근 고분자 분야에서도 신소재 개발 또는 제품의 물성을 향상시키기 위하여 이에대한 연구 가 활발해지고 있다. 고분자 가공에서 혼합에 이용되는 대표적인 기계로는 twin screw extruder, internal mixer, two roll mill 등이 있는데 본 연구에서는 internal mixer에서의 고 분자 유동 및 혼합거동을 파악하고자 하였다. 실험적으로는 flow visualization 방법을 써서 순환시간을 측정하였고, 시뮬레이션을 통하여 이론적으로 이를 검토하였다. 고분자 거동은 비뉴우톤을 유체로서 설명되기 때문에 본 연구에서는 혼합기의 구조적 특성을 고려한 모델 로서 $\eta$ = $\frac{\eta_o}{1+A[2trd^2]^\frac{1-n}{2}}$

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.737-743
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• 2004

120∼180 GHz 대역의 고정 튜닝방식을 사용한 SIS(Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor) 접합 믹서를 개발 하였다. 이 믹서는 노베야마 전파천문대에서 제작된 6개 직렬 연결 Nb/Al-A1$_2$O$_3$/Nb SIS 접합 소자를 사용하였으며 석영유리 기판에 제작된 이 SIS 칩은 전 주파수 대역에서 입력신호 결합을 향상시키기 위해 half-height 도파관의 중심에 놓여 있다. 본 논문에서 개발된 SIS 믹서는 기계적인 튜닝 장치를 사용하지 않으며 RF 신호와 LO 전력은 냉각된 십자형 방향성 결합기를 통해서 믹서에 공급된다. 또한 IF 신호 손실을 줄이기 위해 SIS 믹서의 IF 출력 임피던스를 IF 증폭단의 50 $\Omega$ 입력 임피던스에 정합 시켰다. SIS 수신기의 측정된 DSB 잡음온도는 120∼180 GHz 대역에서 32∼131 K이며 본 논문에서 개발된 SIS 믹서는 대덕전파천문대의 14 m 전파망원경에 설치되어 전파천문 관측에 사용되고 있다.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1996년도 춘계학술발표회논문집(3)
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• pp.158-163
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• 1996

Attritor mill로 분쇄처리된 $UO_2$-30mo1%CeO2$_2$(masterblend) 분말을 turbular mixer와 attritor mill 에서 $UO_2$와 혼합, $UO_2$-5mol%CeO$_2$ 분말을 만들고, 이를 통해 분말처리 및 소결분위기가 각 성형체의 소결거동에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. $UO_2$-30mo1%CeO$_2$ 분말을 attritor mill로 1 시간동안 분쇄하면 평균 분말크기는 3.7 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이었다. Turbular mixer에서 만들어진 $UO_2$-5mol%CeO$_2$ 분말이 H$_2$ 및 Ar-4%H$_2$ 분위기에서 소결되면, 분말처리 방법에 따라서 소결밀도는 각각 10.07-10.11, 9.81-9.85 g/㎤이었다. 이러한 방법으로는 masterblend 분쇄처리 과정에 만들어진 agglomerate 는 소결이 거의 이루어지지 않아서 소결체내에 그대로 잔존되었다. Agglomerate는 그 내부에 균열이 생성되어 있었고, 또한 $UO_2$ 지지내의 확산도 방해하여 기지내부에도 큰 기공들이 많이 분포하였다. 희석혼합을 turbular mixer 대신 attritor mill에서 하게되면, 밀도는 H$_2$ 및 Ar-4%H$_2$ 분위기에서 각각 10.54, 10.39 g/㎤ 이었으며, 결정립크기는 5, 9.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이었다. 이 경우에는 소결체내에 agglomerate가 거의 잔존하지 않았다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.210-219
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• 1998

The W-Cu composite powders were synthesized from W and Cu elemental powders by ball-milling process, and their microstructural changes and sintering behaviors were evaluated. The ball milling process was carried out in a 3-dimensional mixer (Turbula mixer) using zirconic ($ZrO_2$) ball and alumina ($Al_2O_3$) vial up to 300 hrs. The ball-milled W-Cu powders revealed nearly spherical shape. Microstructure of the composite powders showed onion-like structure which consists of W and Cu shells due to the moving characteristic of Turbula mixer. The W and Cu elements in the composite powders milled for 300 hrs were homogeneously distributed, and W grain size in the ball-milled powder was smaller than 0.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$. Fe impurity introduced during ball milling process was very low as of 0.001 wt%. The relative sintered density of ball-milled W-Cu specimens reached about 94% after sintering at $1100^{\circ}C$.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

In this study, fiber mechanical pretreatment before refining was executed with the addition of papermaking addiditives to find synergistic effects on fiber property improvement. Three fiber furnishes (SwBKP, KOCC, and BCTMP), and five different additives (CMC, CPAM, PEO, NaOH, $Na_2O_2$) were used. It was confirmed again that fiber mechanical pretreatment using Hobart mixer was a special way to modify fiber properties, where fiber WRV (water retention value) increases without losing fiber length. For SwBKP, addition of small amount of CMC (0.2％ OD basis), and for KOCC, PEO (0.2％ OD basis) caused additional significant improvement of the fiber furnish properties, respectively. Other additives did not cause adverse effects on the mechanical pretreatment, or better. For BCTMP, NaOH addition followed by mechanical pretreatment caused more than 20％ improvement in tensile and tear strength simultaneously, compared to the control. The yellowing caused by the treatment of NaOH on BCTMP could be minimized by using $Na_2O_2$ without losing the positive effect of NaOH.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.894-905
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• 2004

The closed cycle diesel propulsion system is free from the problem of the intake air, exhaust gas and their control that are associated with the conventional diesel propulsion system. The system is composed of a main engine, an exhaust cooler. a $CO_2$ scrubber and a $O_2$ mixer. In this paper, a hardware using microprocessor is proposed in order to monitor and control the oxygen and ratio of specific heat for underwater diesel propulsion system. Also simulation is carried out to ascertain the performance of proposed system.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2012

In this study, the lumen loading technology for preparing magnetic papers were evaluated. The rice husk fiber, softwood kraft pulp, hardwood kraft pulp were applied and the morphological properties of pits on the those fibers were investigated with SEM. The softwood kraft pulp had the bigger size of pits, $3{\sim}5{\mu}m$ in diameter, which resulted in higher loading amount. The comparison of two methods for lumen loading such as the low concentration method with the disintegrator and the high concentration method with the Hobart mixer showed the Hobart mixer could resulted in the higher efficiency. The conditions of lumen loading process such loading time, addition amount of metal particles and addition of PEI were also evaluated. The magnetic hysteresis loop of handsheet samples made of lumen loaded fiber with $Fe_3O_4$ and $Fe_2O_3$ were examined. The differences in magnetic properties could be found according to the ferrite types.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.240-247
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• 2006

틸트로터 항공기는 회전익모드, 천이모드, 고정익모드를 동시에 갖는 복합 형상 항공기 이다. 각 비행모드에서 최적의 상태로 비행하기위해서는 조종면 변위를 적절히 분배하고 조합하는 조종면의 혼합기설계가 요구된다. 회전익과 고정익을 전환할 수 있도록 설계돤 천이모드는 나셀각의 변경에 따른 추력선이 변경되고 이로 인해 천이모드에서 피치, 롤, 요축에 대해 불필요한 힘과 모멘트를 발생시킨다. 본 논문에서는 나셀의 틸팅각 변화에 따라 발생하는 힘과 모멘트를 다른 조종면을 통해 적절히 조절하여 일관된 항공기의 운동이 발생하도록 하는 스마트무인기 40% 축소모델에 대한 조종면 혼합기설계에 대해 서술하였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.459-469
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• 2009

It is well known that coagulation pretreatment can reduce foulants prior to membrane filtration. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of coagulation on fouling of ceramic microfiltration membrane($0.1 {\mu}m$) using pilot plant of $150m^3/day/train$ capacity. Train A membrane system has pretreatment process of ozonation and coagulation while train B has only coagulation. Two types of coagulation operation were investigated: back mixer(rapid mixing with or without slow mixing) which is a conventional mechanically stirred mixer and an inline static mixer. Ozone dose rate for train A was 1 mg/L and ozone contact time was 12 min. The coagulation dose(PACl 10% as $Al_2O_3$) rate was changed 20~40 mg/L according to experimental schedule. In this experimental conditions, the coagulation of back mixer type with rapid mixing(GT=72,000) and slow mixing(GT=45,000) was the best effective in reduction of ceramic membrane fouling regardless preozonation. Especially, the effect of inline static mixer was sensitive to change in water quality. Ozonation mainly affected irreversible fouling rather than reversible fouling in accordance with less adsorption of NOM on the membrane surface. Thus, the increase rate of the nomalized TMP(trans membrane pressure) at $25^{\circ}C$ for train A was relatively lower than that of train B under same coagulation process with same coagulant dosage. The best performance of ceramic membrane appeared in case of combined process with ozonation, therefore this integrated process is able to archive less coagulant dosing and secure a stability of ceramic membrane system.