• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.135-138
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• 2000

MeOH extract of Cuscuta chinensis seeds was fractionated with n-hexane, EtOAc and BuOH successively, and antioxidant activities were tested for all fractions using DPPH free radical scavenging method. In the tested fractions, EtOAc fraction showed high antioxidant activity$(EC_{50},\;50\;{\mu}g)$ From the EtOAc fraction, five compounds have been isolated. On the basis of spectral data, these compounds were identified as ${\beta}-sitosterol$, methyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamate, ${\beta}-sitosterol-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$, caffeic acid, quercetin, kaempferol and calycopteretin. Among these compounds, ${\beta}-sitosterol$ and ${\beta}-sitosterol-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ showed no antioxidant activity. $EC_{50}$ values of methyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamate, caffeic acid, quercetin, kaempferol and calycopteretin were 0.6, 8, 19, 17 and $12\;{\mu}g$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.205-211
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• 1973

General physical and chemical characteristics of eleven apple orchard soils derived from granite, granodiorite, diorite, arkose sandstone and shale were investigated in relation to soil profile. The results are summerized as follows: 1. Soils were mostly sandy and showed pH 4.35 to 6.75, 1.14 to 5.58 of organic matter, 0.065 to 0.209% of nitrogen. All properties decreased with depth. 2. Total exchangeable bases of surface soils were comparablly low (4.89 to 17.81me/100g, Ca>Mg>K>Na). Cation exchange capacity ranged from 7.74 to 21.72 mg/100g and base saturation percentage from 22.52 to 94.62%. 3. Phosphorus content of surface soil was very low (less than 35.5 mg/100g). The contents of potassium (7.2-79.2 mg/100g), available copper (1.0-16.9 ppm) and water soluble boron (0.18-0.72 ppm) were high in surface soil but low with depth. The content of manganese showed clear difference with pH, that is, at pH 4 to 6 water soluble manganese ranged from 0.42 to 17.8 ppm and exchangeable manganese from 9.82 to 66.38 ppm but above pH 6 the water soluble was less than 0.70 ppm and the exchangeable less than 22.25 ppm.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1339-1343
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• 2005

The N-inversion energies and nucleophilic ring-opening reactions of N-substituted aziridine compounds are investigated using B3LYP/6-31+$G^*$ methods, where substituents (R) on the nitrogen atom has been H (1), Me (2), Ph (3), Bn (4), CHMePh (5), $CO_2Me$ (6), COPh (7) and $SO_2Ph$ (8). The N-inversion energy with X group are decreased as the following order: R = CHMePh (17.06 kcal/mol) $\gt$ Me (16.97) $\gt$ Bn (16.70) $\gt$ H (16.64) $\gt$ $SO_2Ph$ (12.18) $\gt$ Ph (8.91) $\gt$ COPh (5.75) $\gt$ $CO_2Me$ (5.48). For reactivity of the ring opening toward cyanide ion, the aziridine 6 (R=$CO_2Me$) is shown to be the most reactive one. During the ring opening of aziridine 6 by CN$^{\ominus}$, the torsional OCNC angle becomes near to $180^{\circ}$, where the geometry allows for the effective incorporation of electrons of the nitrogen atom to the C=O bond. It would be a possible driving force for nucleophilic ring opening reaction as well as decreasing the N-inversion energy barrier. Regarding to the regioselectivity, the orientation of nucleophile in ring opening reaction appears to be different in the case of 9 and 10. The results are discussed in terms of steric/electronic effect of the $C_2$-substituents.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2007

The bark of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. was collected, extracted with acetone-$H_2O$ (7:3, v/v), fractioned with n-hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$ and EtOAc, then each fraction was freeze-dried to give some powders. A portion of the EtOAc (28.4 g) fraction was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column eluting with a series of MeOH-$H_2O$ and EtOH-hexane mixture. Four gallotannins, gallic acid (1), ellagic acid (2), 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-${\beta}$-D-glucose (3) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-${\beta}$-D-glucose (4), have been isolated from the EtOAc fraction Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical evidence and spectrometric analysis such as NMR and MS. The antioxidant activities on each fraction and the isolated gallotannins were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging test.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.6-9
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• 1989

A new aromatic amide, methyl-N-(3-carbamoylpropionyl) anthranilate was isolated for the first time as a natural compound and one known $C_{19}-diterpene\;alkaloid$, avadharidine was also obtained from the root of Aconitum pseudolaeve var. erectum. The\;LD_{50}$ values of water extract and MeOH extract of the root of Aconitum pseudolaeve var. erectum in mice were 1. 23 g (13. 6 g crude drug) and 0. 77 g(5. 13 g crude drug)/kg, p.o., respectively.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.5-15
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• 1993

Hydrogen production in visible light with the following semiconductor systems, $CdS-WO_3$, $CdS-TiO_2$, have been investigated in the presence of redox catalyst (Pt, $RuO_2$). MeOH, EtOH, isopropanol, sulfide/sulfite mixture, lactic acid were used as sacrifical reagents. The optimal condition for $H_2$ evolution was found to be in qgueous lactic acid media for $CdS-WO_3/RuO_2$. The photochemical efficiency for this system was 1.05 % and the $H_2$ evolution rate was 26.5ml/min. at $6.07{\times}10^{-5}$ einstein/sec photon rate

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.308-315
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• 2012

Opuntia humifusa known as the Eastern prickly pear have been used as a treatment of burns, diarrhea, asthma, rheumatism, gonorrhea, and diabetes in alternative medicine. O. humifusa is widely cultivated in the middle and southern provinces of Korea and distributed in North America. The aim of this study is to investigate anti-diabetic effect of O. humifusa stem (OHS) water or 80% MeOH extract using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and db/db mice animal models. OHS 80% MeOH extract at a dose of $250{\mu}g/ml$ significantly increased the glucose uptake and lipid accumulation compared with the control in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Blood glucose, plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly reduced by oral treatment of OHS 80% MeOH extract (200 mg/kg BW) for 6 weeks in db/db mice. Also, the oral treatment of OHS 80% MeOH extract slightly changed the plasma insulin and insulin resistance levels in db/db mice, but were no significance in comparison to control. Glucose transporter(GLUT)4 expressions of adipose tissue and muscle were significantly increased more than that in the control. Therefore, these results suggest that OHS 80% MeOH extract inhibits the blood glucose level through regulation of lipid profile, insulin resistance, and GLUT4 expression in db/db mice and its diabetic effect is effective more than water extract.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2005

본 연구는 NCSU-23과 PZM-3 배양액에 EGF, $\beta-ME$와 glucose의 첨가가 돼지 난자의 체외성숙에 미치는 영향과 배양조건을 다르게 하여 계대배양한 섬유아세포를 이용한 핵이식배를 다른 배양액과 산소조건에서 배양하였을 때 체외발생율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 핵이식 배를 20ng/ml EGF를 첨가 또는 첨가하지 않은 NCSU-23 및 PZM-3 배양액에서 배양하였을 때 배반포로의 체외 발생율은 각각 $12.0\pm1.3\%,\;9.6\pm1.9\%,\;10.9\pm2.1\%,\;9.1\pm2.3\%$였다. 핵이식 배를 $25{\mu}M\;\beta-ME$를 첨가 또는 첨가하지 않은 NCSU-23 및 PZM-3 배양액에서 144시간 배양하였을 때 배반포로의 체외 발생율은 각각 $9.6\pm1.7\%,\;7.3\pm2.3\%,\;11.9\pm1.8\%$와 $7.4\pm2.1\%$였다. $\beta-ME$를 첨가한 PZM-3 배양액에서 배양하였을 때 배반포로의 체외 발생율은 $\beta-ME$를 첨가하지 않은 배양액에서 배양한 배보다 높은 체외발생율을 나타냈다. (p<0.05). 핵이식 배를 1.5mM glucose를 첨가 또는 첨가하지 않은 NCSU-23 및 PZM-3 배양액에서 배양하였을 때 배반포로의 체외 발생율은 각각 $9.4\pm2.2\%,\;6.8\pm2.7\%,\;10.9\pm2.4\%$와$8.9\pm2.6\%$였다. Glucose를 첨가한 NCSU-23과 PZM-3 배양액에서 배양하였을 때 배반포로의 체외 발생율은 glucose를 첨가하지 않은 배양액에서 배양한 배보다 높은 체외 발생율을 나타냈다. 핵이식 배를 NCSU-23 및 PZM-3 배양액과 $5\%$ 및 $20\%$ 산소 조건에서 배양하였을 때 배반포로의 체외 발생율은 각각 $11.1\pm1.8\%,\;9.8\pm1.4\%,\;12.5\pm1.6\%$와$10.9\pml.5\%$였다. NUSU-23과 PZM-3 배양액에서 $5\%$ 산소 조건에서 배양하였을 때 $20\%$산소 조건에서 배양한 난자보다 높은 체외 발생율을 나타났다. 섬유아세포를 NCSU-23 배양액에서 배양하여 공여자세포로 이용하여 10 및 $11\~15\;passage$ 이내로 계대배양하였을 때의 융합율은 $60.0\~73.3\%,\;52.5\%$였다. 섬유아세포를 PZM-3 배양액에서 배양하여 공여자세포로 이용하여 10 및 $11\~15passage$ 이내의 계대배양시의 융합율은 $60.4\~75.1\%$ 및 $58.7\%$였다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2002

Cotinine, one of nicotine metabolites, has been blown to reduce 4-(methylnitro samino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK)- induced $O^{6}$MeG DNA adducts significantly in A/J mice when administered together with NNK. In order to examine the effects of phyto-extract mixture on the conversion of cotinine from nicotine, cellular and clinical experiments were carried out. When the phyto-extract mixture was added to culture media, human liver cells (FLCFR5) produced cotinine from nicotine 2~3 times compared to the control. The phyto-extract mixture which was microinjected into Xenopus oocyte along with nicotine showed the almost similar production of cotinine compared with the results of hepatic cell culture. In clinical test employing 17 to 20 healthy men, concentrations of urinary cotinine derived from smoking after taking photo-extract mixture increased up to 2 times compared to the control group. These results indicatethat the phyto-extract mixture can increase the metabolic efficiency of nicotine to cotinine, leading to the reduced formation of $O^{6}$MeG DNA adducts.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.529-533
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• 2005

In the course of searching for hepatoprotective agents from natural products, six compounds were isolated from the MeOH extract of the leaves of Juglans sinensis, as guid ed by their DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The structures were determined as juglanoside B (1), quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-arabinofuranoside (avicularin, 2), quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranoside (guaijaverin,3), quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranoside (quercitrin,4), (+)-catechin (5) and quercetin 3-O-${\beta}$- D-galactopyranoside (hyperin,6). Compounds 2-6 showed significant DPPH free radical scavenging effects. An evaluation for the hepatoprotective activity of the isolated compounds on drug-induced cytotoxicity was conducted, and compounds 1, 2, and 5 showed protective effects against nitrofurantoin-induced cytotoxicity, and compound 5 also exhibited a moderate protective effect on amiodarone-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells.