• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.703-709
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• 1995

Octadecylenetrimethylammonium-montmorillonite as an organophilic montmorillonite intercalations complex was formed by cation exchange reaction between Na-montmorillonite and 9-octadecylenetrimethylammonium cation. After drying of this organophilic montmorillonite at $65^{\circ}C$ in high vacuum, the complexes were reacted with various swelling-solutions such as benzene, toluene, o-xylene, pyridine, $\alpha$-picoline, 2-ethyl-pyridine, 2-vinyl-pyridine and styrene, and the corresponding basal spacing obtained were 43.9$\AA$, 54.3$\AA$, 51.7$\AA$, 41.5$\AA$, 42.5$\AA$, 39.9$\AA$, 39.8$\AA$, 44.8$\AA$, respectively.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.273-282
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• 2002

Al-pillared montmorillonite was synthesized from Na-saturated montmorillonite which was prepared by ionic substitution from Ca-montmorillonite of the Jabut mine, Gyeongiu City d(001), surface areas, and dehydration and ionic substitution properties have been compared for both Ca-montmorillonite and Al-pillared montmorillonite. d(001) spacings of Ca-montmorillonite and Al-pillared montmorillonite were 15.1 $\AA$ and $18.3\AA$, respectively. Dehydration took place before $350 ^{\circ}C$ in Ca-montmorillonite, whereas linealy up to $550^{\circ}C$ in Al-pillared montmorillonite. BET surface areas are 5～6 times larger in Al-pillared montmorillonite ($192 \m^2$/g) than Camontmorillonite. Ca-montmorilonite shows high selectivity for $Na^{＋}$ /, whereas Al-pillared montmorillonite for $Ca^{2＋}$ . The former shows decreasing d(001) spacing with increasing substitution of $Na^{＋}$ and irregular interstratified structure at high substitution of $Ca^{2＋}$ /, whereas the latter shows linear decreasing pattern in d(001) spacing with increasing $Ca^{ 2+}$.

• The Journal of Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2005

[TEACOOH]-Montmorillonite intercalations complex obtained from Na-Montmorillonite and 10-Carboxy-n-decyldimethylethylammonium bromide(organic cation) was reacted with the monomer($\varepsilon$-caprolactone) to achieve the [TEACOOH]-$\varepsilon$-caprolactone-Montmorillonite intercalations complex. From intercalations complex Montmorillonite/Polycaprolactone Nanocomposite in which montmorillonite(inorganic material) is chemically linked with the polycaprolactone(organic polymer) was formed at $220^{\circ}C$ for 48 h. The basal spacing for the sample obtained after polymerization, extraction with methanol and dried at $65^{\circ}C$ in high vacuum for 24 h was 50.7 $\AA$.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.488-492
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• 1986

The $Ca^{++}$ and $Mg^{++}$ released during Ca, Mg-Na exchange on Kampo 78 montmorillonite which was treated with various concentrations of NaCl solution, were measured with EDTA titration metbod in the leaching solutions. Lanthanide montmorillonite was prepared with various neutral lanthanide ions from sodium montmorillonite in which the exchangeable ions are displaced from the exchanger, such as the displacement of $Na^+$ by $Ln^{3+}$ ions, Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is determined on remaining lanthanides in the leaching solutions with E. D. T. A titration method. As a results of this study, there were no difference of C. E. C in series of lanthanide contraction, but C. E. C depends on charge density of montmorillonite. When we conformed the structure of Ln-montmorillonite by X-ray diffraction. It was found that there was much difference of pattern between Na-montmorillonite and Ln-montmorillonite.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.6
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• pp.93-97
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• 1988

The physico-chemical properties of clay minerals(Kaolinite, Montmorillonite) and the competitive adsorption of various cations in them were investigated as a basic research for the development of clean and hygienic water from hard and contaminated water. The cation adsorption forces of various cations in two clay minerals were high in the order of $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ > $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ > $K^+$ > $Na^+$, and the orders of cation selectivity coefficients(K) in Montmorillonite, calculated by Kerr's equation, were $^KCa^{{+}{+}}/K$ > $^KMg^{{+}{+}}/K$, $^KCa^{{+}{+}}/Mg$ > $^KK^+/Mg$. The amount of adsorbed cations was most high in Na-saturated Montmorillonite among several samples. So, in order to more effectively remove various divalent cations in hard and contaminated water, Na-saturated Montmorillonite is most desirable.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.425-429
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• 2004

[DEACOOH]-Montmorillonite intercalations complex obtained from Na-Montmorillonite and 10-Carboxy-n-decyldimethylethylammonium bromide (organic cation) was reacted with the monomer ($\varepsilon$-caprolactone) to achieve the [DEACOOH]-$\varepsilon$-caprolactone-Montmorillonite intercalations complex. From this intercalations complex Montmorillonite/Polycaprolactone nanocomposites in which montmorillonite (inorganic polymer) is chemically linked with the polycaprolactone (organic polymer) were formed at 240$^{\circ}C$ by three different methods such as in stoichiometric amounts between monomer and organic cation, in excess of only the monomer and in excess of both organic cation and monomer. The products obtained after polymerization were analyzed with X-ray diffractometer and TEM.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.818-825
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• 2001

Polycarbonate(PC)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by solution and melt mixing methods. A d-spacing of the nanocomposites was measured by an X-ray diffractometer. Neat montmorillonite (MMT-Na) and MMTs modified by dodecyl ammonium (MMT-DA) or dimethyl hydrogenated tallow 2-ethylhexyl ammonium (MMT-25A) were used. The d-spacing value of PC/MMT-25A and PC/MMT-DA was higher than that of PC/MMT-Na. The d-spacing increased from around 12 to $37AA$ depending on the mixing method. PC was more readily introduced to the gallery of MMT as the molecular weight of PC reduced and the mixing time increased. PC/MMT-25A showed higher thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) than PC/MMT-DA and PC/MMT-Na.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.11-15
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• 2003

In order to suppress a repulsive interfacial energy between hydrophilic clay and hydrophobic polymer matrix in preparing a polymer/clay nanocomposite, a third component of amphiphilic nature such as poly($\varepsilon$-caprolactone) (PCL) was introduced into the model system of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers (SAN)/Na-montmorillonite. Once $\varepsilon$-caprolactone was polymerized in the presence of Na-rnontmorillonite, the successful ring-opening polymerization of $\varepsilon$-caprolactone and the well-developed exfoliated structure of PCL/Na-montmorillonite mixture were confirmed, Thereafter, SAN was melt-mixed with PCL/Na-montmorillonite nanocomposite, which resulted in that SAN matrix and PCL fraction were completely miscible to form homogeneous mixture with retention of the exfoliated state of Na-montmorillonite, exhibiting that PCL effectively stabilizes the repulsive polymer/clay interface and contributes the improvement of mechanical properties of the nanocomposites.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.427-432
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• 2002

In this research an organic cation, [TEACOOH] Br, with a long alkyl chain was synthesized which will replace the metal ion between the layers of Na-Montmorillonite and an organophilic [TEACOOH]-Montmorillonite intercalations complex was formed by the cation exchange reaction between the Na-Montmorillonite and the synthesized [TEACOOH] Br. After drying of this intercalations complex in high vacuum we have tried to experiment on the probability whether it will form complexes with various swelling solutions such as dist. water, methano, ethanol, toluene, acetonitrile and propionitrile and the corresponding basal sp acings measured were $17.41{\AA}$, $31.90{AA}$, $34.42{AA}$, $30.52{AA}$ and $32.36{AA}$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.909-914
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• 1996

In this research [RCOOH]-$\varepsilon$-Caprolactam-Montmorillonite was synthesized by reaction between Na-Mont-morillonite (10-Carboxy-n-decyl)dimethylethylammonium (=RCCOH) ion and $\varepsilon$-Caprolactame-Motmorillonite ob-tained was 3.62$\AA$ After heat treatment of this intercalations complex at 37$^{\circ}C$ in high vacuum for 12 h 24 h, 40 h and 90 h the basal spacing was reduced to 35.8$\AA$, 34.2, 17.5 $\AA$ and 16.6$\AA$ respectively. The calculated amount of free $\varepsilon$-caprolactame included int he intercaltions complex and that of $\varepsilon$-caprolactame which is interca-lated into the interlayer space of montomorillonite and still remained after heat treatment are 4.6~4.9 and 0.5 molecules per unite cell of montmorillonite respectively.