• Title/Summary/Keyword: $NO_x$ and CO

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The Effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Premixed Combustion System (배기가스 재순환 방식이 예혼합 연소시스템에 미치는 영향)

  • Yu, Byeonghun;Lee, Seungro;Kum, Sung-Min;Lee, Chang-Eon
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2013.06a
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    • pp.1-3
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    • 2013
  • The premixed combustion system applying exhaust gas recirculation was investigated to achieve the low pollutant emission and the high thermal efficiency. In this study, it was studied the effects of EGR on the thermal efficiency, $NO_x$ and CO emissions with various EGR ratios and equivalence ratios. As results, when equivalence ratio was increased, thermal efficiency increased and $NO_x$ and CO concentration increased. When EGR was applied, $NO_x$ and CO concentration decreased and thermal efficiency increased. Especially, in the case of 15% of EGR ratio at 0.85 of equivalence ratio, $NO_x$ and CO concentration will be a smaller than these of a current operating condition of the boiler and thermal efficiency was about 1.7% higher.

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An Experimental Study on the Characteristics of Oxygen Combustion of Pulverized Coal and the $NO_x$ Formation using TGA/DSC and DTF (TGA/DSC, DTF를 이용한 미분탄의 산소 연소 및 $NO_x$ 배출 특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Lee, Dae-Keun;Seo, Dong-Myung;Noh, Dong-Soon;Ko, Chang-Bog
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2007.05a
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    • pp.54-59
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    • 2007
  • In a view of capturing $CO_2$ as a greenhouse gas, an experimental study was conducted on the combustion characteristics of pulverized coal in $O_2$/$CO_2$ environment using TGA/DSC and DTF facilities. The effects of gas composition and concentration on the processes of devolatilization and char burning experienced by coal particles in combustion furnace and on the concentration of products such as $CO_2$, CO and $NO_x$ were observed using TGA/DSC and DTF respectively. As results, it were found that the rate of devolitilation is nearly independent on the $O_2$ concentration if it is over 20% but the char burning rate is a sensitive function of $O_2$ percent, and the two rates can be controlled by $O_2$ concentration in order to be similar with those of air combustion case. It was also found that high concentration $CO_2$ can be captured by oxy-coal combustion and high concentration of CO and low value of $NO_x$ are exhausted in that case. Additionally, NO reducing reaction by CO with char as catalyst was observed and a meaningful results were obtained.

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Simultaneous removal of $SO_X$ and $NO_X$ by wet scrubber at small and medium craft (중소형 선박의 $SO_X/NO_X$ 동시제거를 위한 습식세정시스템)

  • Cha, Yu-Joung;Lee, Ju-Yeol;Ha, Tae-Young;Park, Byung-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.159-166
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    • 2014
  • In recent years, researchers have put a considerable effort to decrease the emission of harmful gaseous pollutants to the atmosphere. In order to remove simultaneously $SO_2$ and $NO_X$ from the flue gas of small and medium-sized ship, we designed minimal wet scrubber inside a compact multistage modular system. In this study we proceed experiment of elemental technology at each stage of the scrubber. The each stage is oxidation of NO which is the main component of $NO_X$, and removal of $SO_2$, respectively. $NaClO_2$ was used to oxidize NO gas, and NaOH was used to remove $SO_2$ gas. The maximum NO conversion efficiency and the $SO_2$ removal efficiency are both indicate 100%.

The Simultaneous absorption of SOX-NOX using aqueous ammonia solution (암모니아수용액을 이용한 SOX-NOX 동시 흡수에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jae-Gang;Lee, Ju-Yeol;Park, Byung-Hyun;Choi, Jin-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.372-376
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    • 2015
  • The experiment was performed using the cleaning precipitator To investigate the absorption efficiency of the $SO_X/NO_X$ of the aqueous ammonia solution. Concentration of the cleaning liquid is 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% with increasing absorption efficiency has improved. However, the reaction shown only a difference in time. Absorption efficiency has improved in accordance with the gas residence time. When the direction of the same gas and the cleaning liquid is determined that there is the effect of increasing the residence time. The relative impact of $SO_X$ and $NO_X$ is this likely to react slower than $SO_X/NO_X$. The yield is determined to require adjustment of the cleaning dust collector according to the concentration of the next gas.

Experiment on Low $NO_x$ Combustion Characteristics by Flue Gas Dilution In Air and Fuel Sides (공기 및 연료에 대한 배기가스 희석 방법에 의한 저 $NO_x$ 연소특성에 관한 실험)

  • Cho, Eun-Seong;Chung, Suk-Ho
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2004.04a
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    • pp.1499-1504
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    • 2004
  • Flue gas recirculation (FGR) is a method used to control oxides of nitrogen ($NO_x$) in combustion system. The recirculated flue gases resulted in slow reaction and low flame temperatures, which in turn resulted in decreased thermal NO production. Recently, it has been demonstrated that introducing the recirculated flue gas in the fuel stream, that is, the fuel induced recirculation (FIR), resulted in a much greater reduction in $NO_x$ per unit mass of recirculated gas, as compared to introducing the flue gases in air. In the present study, the effect on $NO_x$ reduction in turbulent swirl flame in laboratory scale using FGR/FIR methods through the dilution using $N_2$ and $CO_2$. Results. show the $CO_2$ dilution is more effective $NO_x$ reduction methods because of large temperature drop due to the larger specific heat $CO_2$ compared to $N_2$. FIR is more effective to reduce $NO_x$ emission than FGR when the same recirculation ratio of dilution gas.

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Prediction of Biodiesel Combustion, CO and NOX Emission Characteristics in Accordance with Equivalence Ratio (당량비 변화에 따른 바이오디젤 연소 및 CO, NOX 생성 특성 예측)

  • Lim, Young Chan;Suh, Hyun Kyu
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2016
  • This study was performed to provide the basic information of the combustion, CO and $NO_X$ characteristics of biodiesel in accordance with equivalence ratio. The closed homogeneous reactor model used for the analysis. The analysis conditions were set to 900 K of the initial temperature, 20 atm of initial pressure and equivalence ratio was changes from 0.6 to 1.4. The results of analysis were predicted and compared in terms of combustion temperature, combustion pressure, CO and $NO_X$ emissions. The results of combustion characteristics showed that ignition delay was decreased and the combustion temperature and combustion pressure was increased in accordance with equivalence ratio. CO emission was decreased in lean condition(${\Phi}$ < 1.0), however, CO emission was increased in rich condition(${\Phi}$ > 1.0) because oxygen supply insufficient. $NO_X$ emission showed the largest amount in condition 0.8 of equivalence ratio because the oxygen concentration was sufficient.

The Effects of Advanced Reburning with SNCR on NOx and CO Reduction (무촉매 환원법이 적용된 응용 재연소 방법에 의한 NOx와 CO의 저감 효과)

  • Lee Chang-Yeop;Kim Dong-Min;Baek Seung-Wook
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.30 no.8 s.251
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    • pp.788-795
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    • 2006
  • From the view of the environmental protection against the use of fossil fuels, the great of efforts have been exerted to find an effective method which is not only pollutant reduction but also high thermal efficiency. Reburning is a useful technology in reducing nitric oxide through injection of a secondary hydrocarbon fuel. In this paper, an experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the hybrid effects of reburning and selective non-catalytic reaction (SNCR) on $NO_x/CO$ reduction from oxygen-enriched LPG flame. Experiments were performed in flames stabilized by a co-flow swirl burner, which was mounted at the bottom of the furnace. Tests were conducted using LPG gas as main fuel and also as reburn fuel. The paper reported data on flue gas emissions, temperature distribution in furnace and various heat fluxes at the wall for a wide range of experimental conditions. Overall temperature in the furnace, heat fluxes to the wall and $NO_x$ generation were observed to increase by oxygen-enriched combustion, but due to its hybrid effects of reburning and SNCR, $NOx/CO$ concentration in the downstream has considerably decreased.

Microstructures and Repeated Usage-Properties of de-$NO_{x}$ Transition Metals/ZSM-5 Catalyst Made by Mechanical Alloying Method (기계적합금화법을 이용하여 제조된 $NO_{x}$ 제거용 천이금속/ZSM-5촉매의 미세구조 및 반복사용특성)

  • 조규봉;안인섭;남태현
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.273-278
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    • 1998
  • $De-NO_x$ transition metals(Cu, Co)/ZSM-5 catalyst was made by mechanical alloying method, and their microstructures and repeated usage-properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The conversions ability of NO in the catalyst was measured. A part of ZSM-5 in CO/ZSM-5 composite powders was amorphous and the amorphous phase became less stable with increasing Co content. Conversion ability of NO in 10Cu/ZSM-5 powders decreased from 89% to 12% and that in 10Co/ZSM-5 decreased from 22% to 17% by 7 times conversion tests.

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Numerical Simulation on Ventilation Characteristics of an Underground Bus Parking Lot (버스전용 지하주차장의 환기 특성에 관한 수치해석적 연구)

  • Seung, Sam-Sun;Lee, Seung-Chul
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.179-184
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, the ventilation characteristics of an underground parking lot with 17 buses has been investigated for two cases by computational fluid dynamics. It has been found that the average concentration of CO and $NO_x$ gas in the parking lot were 1.3 and 0.3 ppm respectively, when four buses operated. When the fifteen vehicles stopped in the parking lot, the average concentration of CO and $NO_x$ gas was 2.9 and 0.8 ppm respectively. The average concentration of two pollutants$(CO,\;NO_x)$ are lower than the standard values. Therefore the facilities and its location is proper to ventilation.

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Modelling CO2 and NOx on signalized roundabout using modified adaptive neural fuzzy inference system model

  • Sulaiman, Ghassan;Younes, Mohammad K.;Al-Dulaimi, Ghassan A.
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.107-113
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    • 2018
  • Air quality and pollution have recently become a major concern; vehicle emissions significantly pollute the air, especially in large and crowded cities. There are various factors that affect vehicle emissions; this research aims to find the most influential factors affecting $CO_2$ and $NO_x$ emissions using Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) as well as a systematic approach. The modified ANFIS (MANFIS) was developed to enhance modelling and Root Mean Square Error was used to evaluate the model performance. The results show that percentages of $CO_2$ from trucks represent the best input combination to model. While for $NO_x$ modelling, the best pair combination is the vehicle delay and percentage of heavy trucks. However, the final MANFIS structure involves two inputs, three membership functions and nine rules. For $CO_2$ modelling the triangular membership function is the best, while for $NO_x$ the membership function is two-sided Gaussian.