• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.475-481
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• 2014

Ammonia borane ($NH_3BH_3$), as a source material for energy generation and hydrogen storage, has attracted growing interest due to its high hydrogen content. We have investigated the synthesis of ammonia borane from sodium borohydride ($NaBH_4$) and ammonium chloride ($NH_4Cl$) utilizing a low-temperature process. From our results, we obtained a maximum synthetic yield of 98.2% of ammonia borane complex. The diammoniate diborane (DADB) was detected in about 5~10mol% with in the solid ammonia borane by solid-state $^{11}B$-NMR analysis. The synthesized solid ammonia borane products were studied to characterize hydrogen release upon thermal dehydrogenation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.565-570
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• 1992

The 1,5-sigmatropic rearrangements involving group (X) migration in ${\omega}$(X)-substituted 1,3-pentadiene, $C^1H_2=C^2H-C^3H=C^4H-C^5H_2-X$, where X = H, $CH_3$, $BH_2$, $NH_2$, OH or F, are investigated MO theoretically using the AM1 method. For the migrating groups without lone pair electrons, X = H, $CH_3$, or $BH_2$, the suprafacial pathway is favored, whereas for the migrating groups with lone pair electrons participating in the TS, $X=NH_2$, OH, or F, the antarafacial pathway is favored electronically. However excessive steric inhibition in the antarafacial TS for $X=NH_2$ leads to subjacent orbital controlled suprafacial process. The antarafacial shift of F is relatively disfavored compared to that of OH due to smaller orbital overlap and larger interfrontier energy gap in the TS.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.62-66
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• 1978

The polarizability tensor components for $NH_3,\;BH_3,\;HCN,\;C_2H_4,\;PO,\;PO^-$ and CO molecules are calculated by the variation method. The parallel components of the polarizability are closer to the experimental values than those of CNDO/2, MINDO/1 and MINDO/2, but the perpendicuar components of the polarizability are not closer to the experimental values than those of the other methods.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2010

In liquids NMR, $^{1}H$ is the most widely observed nucleus, which is not the case in solids NMR. The reason is due to the strong homo-dipolar interactions between the hydrogen atoms which mask the useful chemical shift information. Therefore we must remove the strong homo-dipolar interactions in order to get structural information, which can be investigated by the isotropic chemical shift. There are two ways of obtaining it. One is the ultra-fast MAS of ca. 70 kHz spinning speed, which has become available only recently. The other way is devising a pulse sequence which can remove the strong homo-dipolar interaction. In the latter way, MAS with a moderate spinning rate of a few kHz, is enough to remove the chemical shift anisotropy. In this report, 1D-CRAMPS and 2D MASFSLG techniques are utilized and their results will be compared. This kind of highresolution $^{1}H$ NMR for solids, should become a valuable analytical tool in the understanding and the developing of a new class of hydrogen storage materials. Here ammonium borane $-NH_{3}BH_{3}$, whose hydrogen content is high, is used as a sample.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.261-264
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• 1972

The cubic force constants of the binary hydrides, LiH, BeH, BH, CH, NH and OH are evaluated by use of the one center function of Bishop et. al. The results are reasonably good. The master formula suggested in the previous report of the present author is found relatively insensitive to the crudities of the wave function.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.177-187
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• 2016

Ammonia borane $NH_3BH_3$ solubilized in organic solvent is a potential liquid-state chemical hydrogen storage material. In this study, metal acetylacetonates like $Fe(O_2C_5H_7)_3$, $Co(O_2C_5H_7)_2$, $Ni(O_2C_5H_7)_2$, $Pd(O_2C_5H_7)_2$, $Pt(O_2C_5H_7)_2$ and $Ru(O_2C_5H_7)_3$ are considered for assisting dehydrocoupling of ammonia borane in diglyme (0.135 M) at $50^{\circ}C$. The molar ratio between ammonia borane and metal acetylacetonate is fixed at 100. A protocol for the separation of the soluble and insoluble fractions present in the slurry is proposed; it consists in using acetonitrile to make the precipitation of metal-based compounds easier and to solubilize boron-based intermediates/products. The nature of the metal does not affect the dehydrocoupling mechanisms, the $^{11}B\{^1H\}$ NMR spectra showing the formation of the same reaction intermediates. The aforementioned metal acetylacetonates do mainly have effect on the kinetics of dehydrocoupling. Dehydrocoupling takes place heterogeneously and dehydrogenation of ammonia borane in these conditions leads to the formation of polyborazylene via intermediates like e.g., B-(cyclodiborazanyl) amine-borane and borazine. Our main results are reported and discussed herein.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

In this work, we present the catalytic dehydrogenation of hydrazine borane $N_2H_4BH_3$ (HB) using supported nickel catalysts at $50^{\circ}C$. In the presence of monometallic nickel catalysts, the dehydrogenation of HB is a one-step reaction consisting of the hydrolysis of the $BH_3$ group only. The challenge is to activate nickel to make it reactive towards the $N_2H_4$ moiety of HB. A set of 52 catalysts were prepared by using 2 supports ($Al_2O_3$ and $TiO_2$), 5 nickel precursors and 3 preparation methods. For the first time, we show that the supported nickel catalysts are able to dehydrogenate the $NH_3$ moiety of HB. In our experimental conditions, the best results were obtained with 20 wt% Ni-$Al_2O_3$ and 20 wt% Ni-$TiO_2$, with ca. 190 mL $H_2+N_2$ generated over a total theoretical volume of 283 mL, suggesting $H_2$ selectivity of 37 and 32%, respectively. Both catalysts were then characterized by EDX, XPS, and XRD. Our achievement is the first step forward and opens new perspectives for developing catalysts for the total dehydrogenation of HB.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1030-1034
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• 2013

Elimination reactions of $(E)-2,4-(NO_2)_2C_6H_2CH=NOC_6H_3-2-X-4-NO_2$ (1a-e) promoted by $R_3N/R_3NH^+$ in 70 mol % MeCN(aq) have been studied kinetically. The reactions are second-order and exhibit Br$\ddot{o}$nsted ${\beta}$ = 0.80-0.84 and ${\mid}{\beta}_{lg}{\mid}$ = 0.39-0.42, respectively. For all leaving groups and bases employed in this study, the ${\beta}$ and ${\mid}{\beta}_{lg}{\mid}$ values remained almost the same. The results can be described by a negligible $p_{xy}$ interaction coefficient, $p_{xy}={\partial}{\beta}/pK_{lg}={\partial}{\beta}_{lg}/pK_{BH}{\approx}0$, which describes the interaction between the base catalyst and the leaving group. The negligible pxy interaction coefficient is consistent with the $(E1cb)_{irr}$ mechanism. Change of the base-solvent system from $R_3N$/MeCN to $R_3N/R_3NH^+$-70 mol % MeCN(aq) changed the reaction mechanism from E2 to $(E1cb)_{irr}$. Noteworthy was the relative insensitivity of the transition state structure to the reaction mechanism change.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.656-661
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• 2012

The palladium nanoparticles were self-assembled to make Pd-POSS using POSS-$NH_3{^+}$ (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) as a crosslinker. Graphene oxide (GO) was produced by the reaction of graphite under a strong acid and oxidizer and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was covalently grafted on the surface of graphene to make PAA-grafted graphene through the radical polymerization of acrylic acid and GO along with a reduction process under $NaBH_4$. The nanocomposites of Pd-POSS and PAA-grafted graphene were fabricated via ionic interactions between positively charged Pd-POSS and negatively charged PAA-grafted graphene. Pd-POSS nanoparticles were attached to the surface of PAA-grafted graphene through ionic interactions. The thermal stability of Pd-POSS/PAA-grafted graphene was higher than that of PAA and PAA-grafted graphene. The composition, structure, surface morphology, and thermal stability of the Pd-POSS/PAA-grafted graphene were studied by FE-SEM, AFM, TEM, FTIR, and TGA.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.222-226
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• 1998

Borazine (B3N3H6) as an inorganic analogue of benzene was synthesized by reaction of cheap raw materials (NaBH4 and (NH4)2SO4), and by using simple glass reaction apparatus in a scale up to 20 g per run with highly improved yield over 50%. It appears that synthesis of borazine is competing with formation of poly(aminoborane) as an inorganic analogue of polyethylene. The synthesized borazine and its polymerized product were characterized by comparison with products obtained from a commercial one. Bulk pyrolysis of the borazine polymer to 1500 ℃ produced a pure boron nitride (BN) with 75% ceramic yield, which displayed good oxidation resistance under dry air.