• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.369-376
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• 2006

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of root medium formulations on growth and nutrient uptake of hot pepper 'Knockgwang' in 72-cell plug trays. To achieve this, the nine root media were formulated by adjusting blending rate of perlite (PL) to coir (CO), peatmoss (PM) or coir+peatmoss (5:5, v/v, COPM). Then, the growth characteristics and tissue nutrient contents were determined at 35 and 70 days after sowing. The elevated blending rate of PL to CO increased fresh and dry weight of hot pepper at 35 days after sowing. The treatments of 20% in blending rate of PL to PM or that of 0% to COPM produced the highest fresh and dry weight among perlite treatments of PM or COPM. The results of crop growth at 70 days after sowing also showed similar trends to those of 35 days after sowing. The elevated blending rate of PL to CO or PM decreased tissue $P_2O_5$ and K contents and increased Ca and Mg contents at 35 days after sowing, With the equal blending rate of perlite, the plant tissue grown in CO had higher K contents and lower N, Ca and Mg contents than those in PM and COPM. The elevated blending rate of perlite in three organic matter also decreased tissue $P_2O_5$ and K contents at 70 days after sowing, but Ca and Mg contents were the highest in the treatment of 20% PL in CO, 40% PL in PM and 40% PL in COPM among perlite treatments in each organic matter.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2009

This article carried studies of the petrographical and petrochemical characteristics on the Cretaceous volcanic rocks in the area of Janggun peak and Gyemyeong peak which is located at the northeastern area of Mt. Geumjeong, Busan. The areas are composed of andesitic rock, sedimentary rock, rhyolitic rock, and intrusive hornblende, biotite granites, in ascending order. According to petrochemistry, the major elements show the calc-alkaline rock series ranged medium-K to high-K. With increasing $SiO_2$, $Al_{2}O_{3}$, $Fe_{2}O_{3}$, $TiO_2$ CaO, MgO MnO and $P_{2}O_{5}$ are decreased and $K_{2}O$ and $Na_{2}O$ are increased in the volcanic rocks. The trace element compositions show high LILE/HFSE ratios and negative anomaly of Nb, and REE patterns show enrichments in LREE and (-) anomaly values increase of Eu from the basaltic andesite to andesite facies, therefore the volcanic rocks have typical characteristics of continental margin arc calc-alkaline volcanic rocks, produced in the subduction environment. The volcanic rock show nearly the same patterns in spider and REE diagram. Fractional crystallization of the basaltic magma would have produced the calc-alkaline andesitic magma. And the rhyolitic magma seems to have been evolved from the basaltic andesitic magma with fractional crystallization of plagioclase, pyroxene, hornblende, biotite.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.3 s.178
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• pp.329-342
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to determine the geochemical characteristics for the stream sediments in the Konyang area. So we can estimate the environment contamination and understand geochemical disaster. We collect the stream sediments samples by wet sieving along the primary channels and slowly dry the collected samples in the laboratory and grind to pass a 200mesh using an alumina mortar and pestle for chemical analysis. Mineralogy, major, trace and rare earth elements are determined by XRD, XRE, ICP-AES and NAA analysis methods. For geochemical characteristics on the geological groups of stream sediments, the studied area was grouped into quartz porphyry area, sedimentary rock area, anorthosite area and gneiss area. Contents of major elements for the stream sediments in the Konyang area were $SiO_2\;41.86{\sim}76.74\;wt.%,\;Al_{2}O_{3}\;9.92{\sim}30.00\;wt.%,\;Fe_{2}O_{3}\;2.74{\sim}12.68\;wt.%,\;CaO\;0.22{\sim}3.31\;wt.%,\;MgO\;0.34{\sim}3.97\;wt.%,\;K_{2}O\;0.75{\sim}0.93\;wt.%,\;Na_{2}O\;0.25{\sim}1.92\;wt.%,\;TiO_{2}\;0.40{\sim}3.00\;wt.%,\;MnO\;0.03{\sim}0.21\;wt.%,\;P_{2}O_{5}\;0.05{\sim}0.38\;wt.%$. The contents of trace and rare earth elements for the stream sediments were $Cu\;7{\sim}102\;ppm,\;Pb\;15{\sim}47\;ppm,\;Sr\;48{\sim}513\;ppm,\;V\;29{\sim}129\;ppm,\;Zr\;31{\sim}217\;ppm,\;Li\;14{\sim}94\;ppm,\;Co\;5.6{\sim}32.1\;ppm,\;Cr\;23{\sim}259\;ppm,\;Cs\;1.7{\sim}8.7\;ppm,\;Hf\;2.1{\sim}109.0\;ppm,\;Rb\;34{\sim}247\;ppm,\;Sc\;4.5{\sim}21.9\;ppm,\;Zn\;24{\sim}609\;ppm,\;Sb\;0.8{\sim}2.6\;ppm,\;Th\;3{\sim}213\;ppm,\;Ce\;22{\sim}1000\;ppm,\;Eu\;0.7{\sim}5.3\;ppm,\;Yb\;0.6{\sim}6.4\;ppm$. Generally, the contents of $Al_{2}O_{3}\;and\;SiO_2$ had a good relationships with each other in rocks but it had a bad relationships in stream sediments for this study area. The contents of $Fe_{2}O_3$, CaO, MnO and $P_{2}O_{5}$ had a good relationships with major and minor elements in stream sediments of this study area. The contents of Co and V in the stream sediments had a good relationships with other toxic elements.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.303-305
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate aluminum content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion with mixture of $HNO_3\;and\;HClO_4(2:1,\;v/v)$ on baking powder, wheat flours, noodles and baked foods. The contents of aluminum in baking powder, wheat flour, biscuit and snack, noodle, starch vermicelli, buckwheat vermicelli ranged from 1910 to 1948 mg/100g, 8.5 to 11.0 mg/100g, 15.3 to 19.2 mg/100g and 22.5 to 56.4 mg/100g, 29.7 to 58.5 mg/100g, 63.0 to 80.0 mg/100g, 33.1 to 46.3 mg/100g, 37.8 to 49.9 mg/100g, respectively. Aluminum contents in wheat flour foods were significantly different by added baking powder and different company(p<0.01).

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.144-149
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• 2005

The present study was designed to investigate the hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic activities of Qurs-e-Ziabetus 16 (QZ-16) in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. QZ-16, a polypharmaceutical herbomineral formulation developed on the principles of Unani medicine is used for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The elevated levels of fasting blood glucose, serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and urea observed in rats treated with STZ (55 mg/kg body wt.) were significantly reduced by the treatment of QZ-16 (240 mg/kg, p.o.) and gliclazide (30 mg/kg, p.o.). The reduced HDL cholesterol levels were also increased by the QZ-16 and gliclazide treatments in the STZ induced diabetic rats. These data show that QZ-16 has hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic properties in STZ induced diabetic rats.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2002

In order to determine the optimum level of three major fertilizers for Saururus chinensis, we applied to the soil at a rate of N(0, 4, 7, 10kg/10a), P$_2$O$\_$5/(0, 1.5, 3, 4.5kg/10a) and K$_2$O(0, 3, 6, 9kg/10a) prior to seeding. Regarding physical properties after the application, the values of pH, OM, Mg, CEC and EC were higher than those of the pre-application, but the contents of P$_2$O$\_$5/, K and Ca were lower. With application of three major fertilizers, dry weight of leaves per 10a was 26∼108kg greater than that of control(281kg) and dry weight of root tuber was higher by 19∼157kg than that of control(610kg). In regression equation of fertilizer recommendation for two-year-old Saururus chinensis, the optimum level of N-P$\_$2/O$\_$5/-K$\_$2/O fertilizer was determined by 7.1, 2.5, 4.2kg/10a, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1996

To investigate the effects of potassium($K_2O$) fertilization levels on the dry matter(DM) yield, nutrition yield, and $K_2O$ efficiency of forages in mixed sward of alfalfa-grasses, a field experiment arranged by randomized complete block design with five treatments(0, 60, 120, 180 and 240kg $K_2O$/ha) was conducted at National Livestock Research Institute in Suwon, September, 1990 to February, 1993. During two years, average DM yields of forage increased as $K_2O$ fertilization level was increased, but no significant difference was found between DM 10,617kg of $K_2O$180kgha and DM 10,845kg of $K_2O$ 240kg/ha. Crude protein and energy productivity of forages increased as $K_2O$ fertilization level was increased, and the increasing degree was highest between $K_2O$ 120kg and 180kg/ha fertilization. With increasing $K_2O$ fertilization, mineral contents tended to increase in K and WCa+Mg equivalent ratios, to decrease in Mg, but not to be regular in the other elements. Efficiency of $K_2O$ was relatively high at $K_2O$ 180kgha fertilization, which produced DM 12.2kg, net energy lactation 67.3M.J, starch equivalent 6.2kStE and total digestible nutrients 7.6kg per Ikg $K_2O$. Therefore, potassium($K_2O$) fertilization levels must be applied with I8Okg/ha for a reasonable management in mixed sward of alfalfa-grasses.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.135-153
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• 2003

In order to understand its origin and petrogenesis, petrochemical studies of major, trace elements, REE, and stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon from the Hongcheon Fe-REE deposits have been investigated. The Hongcheon Fe-REE deposit intruding into Precambrian metasedimentary rocks consists of magnetite, various carbonates such as ankerite, siderite, magnesite and strontianite, monazite, aegirine-augite, Na-amphibole, and sulfides. Compared with major elements abundances of typical ferro-carbonatites, the Hongcheon Fe-REE deposit is enriched in FeO and depleted in CaO with increasing of $SiO_2$, where $TiO_2$and $A1_2O_3$increased and CaO, FeO, MgO and $P_2O_5$ are slightly decreased, but those are rather scattered and their trends are somewhat ambiguous. V Ni, U and Rb slightly increasing with of $SiO_2$increase and scattering or no trends of other detected elements. Nb, Zr and Zn are depleted then the abundances of typical ferro-carbonatites (Woolley and Kempe, 1989). In rare earth elements a large enrichment of total REE (maximum 14.8 wt%) and LREE relative to chondrites and HREE depleted more then the values of ferro-carbontites therefore La/Lu ratios shows large abundances (max. 16,197). The results of stable isotopes of O and C from minerals of ankerite and strontianite and whole rocks represent studied rocks are from igneous carbonatitic melts. Although petrochemical characteristics of the Hongcheon Fe-REE deposits are somewhat different from normal ferro-carbonatites from the world, this discrepancy suggests another conclusion that petrochemical characteristic of the studied Fe-REE mineralized rocks are similar to those of phoscorites from Kovdor, Russia and Sokli, Finland showing the same petrochemical compositions described above.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 2003

Joining of $Si_3N_4$ to $Si_3N_4$ with crystallized glass solder was studied. $SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO$ glass with $P_2O_5$ as a crystallizing reagent was used as a solder. To improve the hish temperature toughness of joined specimen, two stage heat treatment was applied to Joined sample for the crystallization of joined layer, Two factors, i.e. thickness of soldered layer and crystallization were taken and thier effects on joining strength were investigated by a SEM-EDX observation of joined interface and bending strength both at room and elevated temperatures. Obtained results are summarized as follows: (1) Nitrogen diffused from $Si_3N_4$ to solder during the Joining process. Average amount of nitrogen in soldered layer depended on the thickness of the soldered layer and increased with decrease of the thickness. (2) Joining strength of the specimen having a thinner soldered layer was stronger than that of thicker layer. This can be mainly attributed to the difference of the nitrogen content in the soldered layer. (3) Higher content of nitrogen in solder brought forth higher viscosity of the solder. Hence the crystallization of the solder become more difficult in thinner layer of the solder than thicker one. (4) Thus, the effect of crystallization was evaluated mostly by the thicker layer specimen. Crystallization of soldered layer improved markedly the fracure strength of joining at higher temperatures than the softening temperature of glass solder.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 1999

A new synthetic medium was developed for the submerged mycelial cultures of Phellinus linteus. The medium for maximum mycelial growth of Phellinus linteus (3 days incubation, 28$^{\circ}C$, pH 5) consisted of (per 1 L): glucose, 90 g peptone, 10 g soluble starch, 10 g yeast extract, 3 g KH2PO4, 1 g MgSO4.7H2O, 1 g and CaCl2, 0.1 g. The concentrations of glucose, peptone, yeast extract, KH2PO4, MgSO4.7H2O, and CaCl2 were examined in the ranges of 10~90 g/L, 0~10 g/L, 0~15 g/L, 0~2 g/L, 0~1 g/L, and 0~0.5 g/L, respectively. The dry weight of mycelium in 3 days increased to 16.79 mg/mL using the new synthetic medium. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of Phellinus linteus was 28$^{\circ}C$. The concentrations of KH2OP4, CaCl2, and yeast extract, which gave the maximum mycelial growth of Phellinus linteus, existed in the concentration ranges examined in this study. But, in the cases of other compositions (MgSO4.7H2O, peptone, and glucose), the mycelial growth of Phellinus linteus increased with the concentration in the ranges.