• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2000

Because the household garbage had high water contents, it is difficult to compost it without an additive. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate possibility of using the waste newspapers as a humidity conditioner for the household garbage composting. The maximum temperature was $66.0^{\circ}C$ in spring, $69.2^{\circ}C$ in summer, $60.9^{\circ}C$ in fall and $56.0^{\circ}C$ in winter for composting periods. The seasonal pH value reached around 8.5 after 1 week and then repeated fluctuation at the narrow range in spring and fall, while it was stabilized at the range of $8{\sim}9$ after increasing to 8.5 after 1 week in winter. The water content was reduced little in winter, while decreased significantly in the other seasons. The water content after 8 weeks was 22.2% in spring, 47.6% in summer, 25.5% in fall and 72.5% in winter. The mass was reduced rapidly during the first week of each season, but it did not show much decrease. The volume reduced after 8 weeks to 59%, 32%, 27%, and 34% in spring, summer, fall and winter respectively. Organic matter content decreased over the four seasons. Nitrogen contents were in the range of 0.7% to 2.2% during the four seasons. The contents of inorganic compounds based on dry matyter were in the range of $0.94{\sim}2.59%\;P_2O_5$, $1.23{\sim}1.87%\;CaO$, $0.37{\sim}0.46%\;MgO$, $0.55{\sim}1.98%\;K_2O$. Concentration of heavy metals(Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, As) based on dry matter were less than the limiting value of the by-product compost.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.139-144
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigated mixing ratio of redginseng marc using organic waste resource for production cost-reduction of oyster mushroom. Redginseng marc were examined as substitute of cottonseed meal which was primary nutritive material of mushroom growing substrate. Total nitrogen and carbon source of redginseng marc was 45% and 2.7%, respectively and C/N ratio was 16.7. Total nitrogen source and pH of substrate mixed with redginseng marc was 4.6~4.9 and 2.5~2.8, respectively. The contents of $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$ and MgO were decreased by increasing redginseng marc, but increased at the 20% redginseng marc. The contents of CaO was increased by increasing redginseng marc, but there was no significant difference in $Na_2O$ content. The more mixing ratio of redginseng marc was increased in column test, the more mycelial growth growed slowly. Yields of fruiting body was no significant difference compared with control group by adding of 10~50% redsingeng marc instead of cottonseed meal, but decreased sharply at only 20% redsingeng marc without cottonseed meal. The L value of pileus by increasing redginseng marc decreased during mushroom harvest, but there was no significant difference in the a-value and the b-value.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.53-59
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of photocatalysis using $TiO_2$ and UV applied for the COD reduction of wastewater in linerboard mill. Trials were done to obtain the optimum addition amounts of $TiO_2$ and $H_2O_2$ to the wastewater and find an appropriate pH condition for photocatalysis on $TiO_2$ for degrading COD. The photocatalytic reaction was applied to the wastewater collected after secondary activated sludge treatment in WWTP of linerboard mill. The optimum application of photocatalysis reaction was obtained under the addition conditions of 2 g/L of $TiO_2$ and 200 mg/L of $H_2O_2$ at pH 3.0, respectively. The removal efficiency of $SCOD_{Cr}$ by photocatalytic treatment was 86.4 % and higher than Fenton treatment in which removal efficiency was 67.4 %. It was concluded that the photocatalytic process using $TiO_2$ and UV could be applied to the wastewater treatment in linerboard mill and also to the dramatic drop-off in NBDCOD load from wastewater of tertiary treatment in WWTP.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.179-182
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• 2001

The use of 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS) as a radical mediator enhanced the bleaching efficiency of kraft pulp by horseradish peroxidase(HRP) and $H_2O_2$. High concentrations of up to 20 mM $H_2O_2$. were used. The bleaching of the kraft pulp increased as the amount of HRP and ABTS concentration were inceased up to 0.3 mg/90 mL and 2 mM, respectively. The bleaching of the kraft pulp was closely related with the HRPs activity and its adsorption onto the pulp. The activity of HRP and bleaching of kraft pulp were maximum at pH 7 and were reduced either in a acidic or alkaline solutions. The adsorption of HRP onto pulp was low in solutions of pH 6-8 and high in an acidic(pH5) and an alkaline solutions(pH 9). The adsorption of the enzyme was greater for alkali-lignin than for crystalline cellulose, the two major components of pulp.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 1985

This field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of thirteen different fertilizer levels of nitrogen(N), phosphorus($P_2O_5$) and potassium($K_2O$) on the content of crude protein, crude fiber, mineral constituents of product and tree growth forest pasture with 40-50% shading. The experiment was arranged as a randomized block design and performed in the suburban forest of Suweon in 1984. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Crude protein content and total protein yield were higher in the plot of 28 and 42kg $N/_{10a}$, regardless of $P_2O_5\;and\;K_2O$ level, while those were the lowest in zero fertilizer and N-zero fertilizer plots. 2. The contents of lignin and silica were significantly low in the high N fertilizer level, and the contents of NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemicellulose were not affected by different fertilizer levels. However, the content of crude fiber tended to be low with high N, regardless of $P_2O_5\;and\;K_2O$. 3. The contents of N,K and $SiO_2$ of grasses were influenced by different fertilizer levels. However, those of P,Ca,Ma and Na showed little differences. 4. The recovery percentage of NPK was higher in the plot of standard fertilizer level with 28-20-24 kg/10a, and higher recovery percentage was observed in $K_2O$, followed by N and $P_2O_5$ in that order. 5. The growth of tree was increased as the level of N fertilizer was increased, but no such trend was noted by $P_2O_5\;and\;K_2O$ levels. 6. Crude protein, crude fiber, some mineral contituents of grasses, and growth of tree were influenced by N level, regardless of $P_2O_5\;and\;K_2O$. And the optimum fertilizer level of $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ seemed to be 28-20-24 kg/10a for the production of grasses with higher quality and more yield in the forest.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.906-909
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• 2006

The secondary electron emission coefficient $({\gamma})$ of the cathode is an important factor for improving the discharge characteristics of AC-PDPs because of its close relationship to discharge voltage. In AC-PDPs, MgO is most widely used as a surface protective layer. In this experimental, we have investigated the electronic structure of the energy band structure of the MgO layer responsible for the high ${\gamma}$. The MgO layers have been deposited by electron beam evaporation method, where the $O_2$ partial pressures have been varied as 0, $5.2{\times}10^{-5}$ torr, $1.0{\times}10^{-4}$ torr, and $4.1{\times}10^{-4}$ torr, in this experiment. It is noted that work function that is energy gap between surface and first defect level of MgO layer has the lowest value for the highest O2 partial pressure of $4.1^{\ast}10^{-4}$ Torr.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.103-106
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• 1997

In order to establish a micropropagation system of Naricissus, the ability of bulblet regeneration among propagation materials was compared, and the adequate growth regulators and concentrations for each cultivar were investigated. The inorganic components were also assayed in the parts of propagation materials. In propagation materials, scape with based plates showed hightest rate of bulblet formation and rapid growth of formed bulblets in vitro, comparing to other parts of it. In comparing of varieties, 'Dutch Master' and 'Golden Harvest' showed a high ability for bulblet regeneration. The ability of bulblet regeneration was most favorable in the medium, supplemented with 5.0 mg/L BA and 2.5 mg/L NAA in 'Dutch Master', and 5.0 mg/L BA and 1.0mg/L NAA in 'Golden Harvest', respectively. In inorganic component analysis of propagation materials, the White part of scape contained 1.18 mg/L$P_2O_5$, 2.57 me Ca, 0.94 me Mg and 3.20 mg/L total N. It showed higher levels in concentration of inorganic components as compared to those of the other part of scape. In addition, leaves and yellow part of scape contained significantly high levels of Ca and Mg while scales bulb showed considerably low levels in all inorganic compounds.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.119-124
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• 1982

As a basic study to elucidate nutritional physiology and composition of synthetic medium of red rotting bacteria, Erwinia carotovora, of ginseng, the effects of hydrogen ion concentration, various kinds of carbon sources, nitrogen source, micrometallic salts and it's concentration on the gorwth of the bacteria were investigated and the results were as follows. Optimal pH in the basal medium for the growth of the bacteria was 6.5. After incubation the pH in culture media was neutralized. Among the various kinds of carbon sources, sucrose, glucose mannitol, but organic acids were not utilized effectively as nutrients. After incubation the pH turned acidic. Alanine as organic nitrogen sources nad ammonium sulfate as inorganic nitrogen promoted the growth, but L-valine and sodium nitrite were the least effective. Ferric chloride 1.0mg/dl and ferrous sulfate 100mg/dl were the most effective as micrometallic sources. Control and boric acid were the least effective. New synthetic medium based on the above results was follows ; Alanine 1.0g, $KH_2PO_4\;1.0g, \;sucrose\;30.0g, \;MgSo_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;0.5g, \;FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O\;1.0mg\;thiamine\;200{\gamma}g$, and distilled water 1000ml, pH6.5.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1975

As a basic study to elucidate nutritional physiology and composition of synthetic medium of red rotting bacteria, Erwinia carotovora, of ginseng, the effects of hydrogen ion concentration, various kinds of carbon sources, nitrogen source, micrometallic salts and it's concentration on the gorwth of the bacteria were investigated and the results were as follows. Optimal pH in the basal medium for the growth of the bacteria was 6.5. After incubation the pH in culture media was neutralized. Among the various kinds of carbon sources, sucrose, glucose mannitol, but organic acids were not utilized effectively as nutrients. After incubation the pH turned acidic. Alanine as organic nitrogen sources nad ammonium sulfate as inorganic nitrogen promoted the growth, but L-valine and sodium nitrite were the least effective. Ferric chloride 1.0mg/dl and ferrous sulfate 100mg/dl were the most effective as micrometallic sources. Control and boric acid were the least effective. New synthetic medium based on the above results was follows ; Alanine 1.0g, $KH_2PO_4$ 1.0g, sucrose 30.0g, $MgSo_4$ $7H_2$O 0.5g, $FeCl_36H_2$O 1.0mg thiamine 200.gamma.g, and distilled water 1000ml, pH6.5.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.292-298
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• 1997

General pharmacological properties of ι-muscone, the major component of musk, were investigatedin mice, rats and guinea pig. The administration of ι-muscone (1, 10, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) in mice had no effects in general behaviors, and no influences on analgesic actions and normal body temperature. Muscle relaxant action, intestinal propulsion and gastric secretion were not observed even at the high dose of 100 mg/kg. ι-Muscone (1, 10, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) given to conscious rats showed no effect on mean blood pressure and heart rate. It showed no direct effect at 2.4$\times$10.3 mg/ml and 2.4$\times$10-2 mg/ml in isolated uterus of rats and ileum of guinea pig, and also had no inhibition of contraction induced by oxytocin and histamine.