• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.86-90
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• 1998

Background: There are no controlled studies assessing the effect of metoclopramide and droperidol administered epidurally for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with epidural morphine. This study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of continuous epidural metoclopramide and droperidol in reducing nausea and vomiting associated with epidural morphine. Methods: Ninty patients undergoing elective gynecologic surgery were randomly assigned to one of three study groups; Group A(n=30) patients received continuous infusion of epidural morphine(6.0 mg/day) following a bolus loading dose of 3.0 mg; Group B(n=30), epidural mixture of morphine and droperidol(5.0 mg/day) following a bolus loading dose(morphine 3.0 mg, droperidol 1.5 mg); Group C, (n=30), epidural mixture of morphine and metoclopramide(20 mg/day) following a bolus loading dose(morphine 3.0 mg, metoclopramide 10 mg). For the 24 postoperative hours, the incidence of nausea and vomiting, degree of pain, level of sedation and other adverse effects were evaluated. Results: Incidence of nausea and vomiting, and number of patients who required antiemetic therapy were significantly less in Group B and C than in Group A(P<0.05). Patients in Group A and C were less sedated than those in Group B. Conclusions: We conclude metoclopramide is more effective than droperidol for postoperative nausea and vomiting due to its lower of sedative effect.

• 분석과학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.229-233
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• 2000

질산성질소와 불소의 저농도 $0.74mgN(NO_3)/l$, $0.58mgF^-/l$ 및 고농도 $2.14mgN(NO_3)/l$, $1.25mgF^-/l$ 표준시료에 대해 정도관리차트에 따라 신뢰도를 검증한 결과 정밀도가 각각 0.010, 0.017, 0.056, 0.019로 우수하게 나타났다. 분석의 숙련도가 다른 A, B, C 세명에 대해 각각의 표준시료로 6회 반복 측정분석한 결과 학력 및 연구경력이 가장 나은 C가 A, B보다 신뢰도가 우수한 측정분석결과를 산출하였다. 3명 모두 평균값이 조제값에 아주 가까운 분석데이타를 산출함으로서 이 표준시료를 외부정도관리 평가용으로 사용하기에 적합하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.306-318
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the dietary attitudes and nutrient intakes of nurses. A total of 291 nurses working at hospitals in the Kyungnam area participated in the study. The general characteristics and dietary attitudes of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, and nutrient intakes was examined using one-day 24-hour recall method. The results were as follows : 67.7 percent of the subjects were nurses, 32.3% were nursing assistants. Average age of the subjects was 26.9 years old, average nursing experience was 5.7 years, and 70.7% of the subjects graduated from junior college. The rates of shift work (45.4%) and non-shift work (54.6%) were similar, and 91.5% of subjects worked on a three-shift a day schedule. The average nutrition knowledge score was 14.3 $\pm$ 2.5 out of a possible 20 points. Most of the nurses had experienced dietary problems such as skipping meals and overeating. Sixty-eight point three percent of the nurses had breakfast less than 3 times a week, and the main reason for skipping meals was a lack of time. Most of the nurses (74.1%) didn't exercise regularly. The average score on dietary habits was 55.6 out of 100, and most of the subjects belonged to the‘fair’group in terms of dietary habits. Married nurses, and those over 31 years of age, scored significantly higher on dietary habits than unmarried nurses, and those under 25 years of age (p < 0.001), and the scores significantly increased with increasing age. Mean daily carbohydrate and fat intake was 231.5 $\pm$ 66.1 g, 41.1 $\pm$ 18.8 g, and cholesterol and crude fiber intake was 238.2 $\pm$ 184.6 mg, 5.2 $\pm$ 2.0 g. respectively. Compared with the recommended allowances, the energy (1560.0 $\pm$ 448.5 kcal), calcium (453.8 $\pm$ 222.3 mg) iron (10.6 $\pm$ 7.6 mg), vitamin A (658.5 $\pm$ 538.1 R.E) and vitamin B$_2$ (0.96 $\pm$ 0.5 mg) figures were below the Korean RDA, and the protein (65.9 $\pm$ 31.0 g), vitamin B, (1.14 $\pm$ 0.5 mg), vitamin C (143.2 $\pm$ 119.6 mg), niacin (14.4 $\pm$ 6.3 mg) and phosphorus (958.1 $\pm$ 352.1 mg) figures were above the Korean RDA. The average carbohydrate, protein, fat ratio of energy intake was 60：17：23. The intake ratio of Ca and P showed an unbalance of 1：2. The dietary habits had a positive correlation (p < 0.001) with nutrition intake except vitamin A and vitamin C. Therefore, In order to improve overall dietary behavior and nutritional status, systematic nutrition education programs should be developed.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1994

Major quality parameters(organic acids, alcohols, fusel oil and sensory characteristics) of traditional Ewhaju were investigated during brewing. In organic acid contents at immediately after brewing, lactic acid was 155.1mg％, malonic acid was 5.4mg％, succinic acid was 8.9mg％, acetic acid was 7.6mg％, oxalic arid was 1.3mg％, citric and tartaric acid was 27.8mg％ and pyruvic acid was 4.8mg％ but in 100 days after brewing and one year aged, lactic acid was 1763.3 and 3059.3mg％, malonic acid was 12.3 and 19.3mg％, succinic acid was 11.5 and 23.1mg％, acetic acid was 29.2 and 73.1mg％, oxalic acid was 0.6 and 0.2mg％, citric and tartaric acid was 298.3 and 639.6mg％, and pyruvic acid were 1.1 and 0.3mg％, respectively. All the alcohol contents increased as the fermentation period increased ; the ethyl alcohol was only 0.05fe at immediately after brewing. In the alcohols content of Ewhaju at 100 days after brewing, the ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol n-propyl alcohol and iso-butyl alcohol were 5.13ft, 47.56 ppm, 37.25 ppm and 19.51 ppm, respectively, Also in the one year aged Ewhaju, the ethyl alcohol was 9.39f), methyl alcohol was 36.34 ppm, Fusel oil was not detected in the first stage of brewing, but it was detected 1.12mg％ at 100 days after brewing and 1.18mg％ at one year stored sample. A general trend in change of color was almost white immediatly after brewing but a increase in Hunter "b" value and "a" value were observed depending on brewing time prolonged. Taste and overall palatability of Ewhaju after 100 days of brewing were significantly superior(p<0.05, p<0.01).

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.79-84
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• 1992

Rhodopseudomonas sphaeoides B6 세포를 agar gel 중에 고정했을 때, 수소생산을 위한 최적 agar 농도는 2(w/v)였다. B6의 2% agar gel 고정화균체(300ml gel: 2.85 mg dry cells/ml)와 비고정세포(1l culture: 0.87 mg dry cells/ml)에 있어서 초기의 최고 수소 생산활성은 각각 47.5 및 48.0ml/hr/culture로 거의 같았다. 그러나, 수소생산이 거의 정지된 배양후기에는 lactate의 제한공급( 10 mmole)에 의한 비고정세포의 활성회복은 50% 이하로 감소되었지만, 고정화세포의 활성은 거의 초기상태로 회복되었다. B6의 고정화균체를 이용하여 12시간 주기의 광조사조건으로, 매 1l의 수소생산시 마다 그에 소비된 만큼의 기질에 상당하는 9.3mmole의 DL-lactate와 1.86mmole의 L-glutamate 함유 기본배지를 주기적으로 공급한 결과, 228시간의 배양기간 동안 명암의 반복조건에도 불구하고 평균 510 ml/day/300m/ gel(2.9mg dry cells/ml)의 속도로 수소생산이 지속되었다. 이 결과는 광합성세균에 의한 수소생산에 있어서, 보다 효율적 기질공급과 가변적인 태양광 이용 조건에 대응되는 자동배양 시스템의 구성 가능성을 시사한다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2012

본 연구를 통해서, 한(寒) 처방의 대표 처방인 황련해독탕(黃連解毒湯)과 열(熱) 처방의 대표 처방인 건강부자탕(乾薑附子湯) 모두 항염 효능을 확인할 수 있었으나, 그 작용 기전에 있어 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다. 이러한 차이는 한의학의 기본 이론인 한열에 대한 개념에 대한 연구의 초석이 될 수 있기를 바라며, 각 개별 약물의 효능 및 다른 처방들과 다른 기전적 실험이 추가적으로 필요할 것을 보인다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.332-337
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• 2002

Phellinus Iinteus from Cambodia was confirmed to have a homologous DNA sequencec to Phellinus Iinteus. Antitumor and immunomodulatory activities were evaluated with aquous extract of Cambodian Phellinus Iinteus(CPL). CPL didn't show any significant cytotoxicity on HT1080, Sarcoma 180 and B16BL6, whereas it inhibited the relaxation of DNA topoisomerase I from the concentration of 250ug/ml. In the pulmonary colonization assay it inhibited pulmonary metastasis by B16BL6 in C57BL6 mice to 36%, 36.9% and 55.5% at various doses of 2 mg, 20 mg and 50 mg. From FACS analysis with splenocytes pretreated with CPL, it significantly increased lymphoblast and induced production of IL-2. These results indicate Cambodian Phellinus Iinteus has antitumor and immunomodulatory activities still suggesting more study on its mechanism and effective compound in detail.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.313-323
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• 2000

Although it is rapidly increasing the number of day-care centers in Korea, the quality of food and nutrition services is not improved sufficiently. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutrition and health status of children in day-care center. Menus for lunch of 253 centers were collected and the content of nutrients was analyzed. Nutrient intakes from lunch and snacks of 90 children were investigated using weighing method and those from breakfast and dinner by 24-hour recall method surrogated from their mothers. Anthropometric indices of height, weight, skinfold thickness, the ratio of fat were measured. The lunch menus for children contained $437.0{\pm}138.9\;Kcal$, $17.6{\pm}6.7gr$ protein, $153.9{\pm}87.7mg\;Ca$, $3.63{\pm}1.6mg\;Fe$, $164.5{\pm}158.2RE\;Vit\;A$. and $4.46{\pm}3.04mg\;Vit\;B_1$. Energy, Ca and Fe supplied were below one third of RDAs. Mean daily calorie intake of children aged 3 years was $1303.0{\pm}474.0Kcal/day$, $1322.3{\pm}442.4Kcal$ in aged four, $1307.0{\pm}545.9Kcal$ in aged five and $1497.1{\pm}93.5kcal$ in six year of age. Intake of iron, vitamin A and vitamin $B_1$ were below RDAs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.362-367
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• 2009

In recombinant strains, many proteins and enzymes are expressed as inactive and insoluble inclusion bodies. For soluble expression of an active form of StyB, an NADH-flavin oxidoreductase, several recombinant Escherichia coli strains were developed and tested. Among them, strain BL21(DE3)pLysS effectively produced an active and soluble form of StyB as about 9% of the total protein content, when cultivated at $20^{\circ}C$ with 0.5 mM IPTG. The solubly expressed StyB has the highest oxidoreductase activity at pH 6.5-7.5 and $37^{\circ}C$. Substrate dependence profiles of the StyB-catalyzed reaction showed that the maximum specific activity($V_m$) and half saturation constant($K_m$) were $1,867{\pm}148\;U/mg$ protein and $51.6{\pm}11{\mu}M$ for NADH, and $1,274{\pm}34\;U/mg$ protein and $8.2{\pm}1.2{\mu}M$ for FAD, respectively. This indicates that solubly produced StyB has 6- to 9-fold higher oxidoreductase activities than the in vitro refolded StyB from inclusion bodies.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1293-1298
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• 2018

Phosphomannomutase (ManB) converts mannose-6-phosphate (M-6-P) to mannose-1-phosphate (M-1-P), which is a key metabolic precursor for the production of GDP-D-mannose used for production of glycoconjugates and post-translational modification of proteins. The aim of this study was to express the manB gene from Escherichia coli in Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris NZ9000 and to characterize the encoded enzyme. The manB gene from E. coli K12, of 1,371 bp and encoding 457 amino acids (52 kDa), was cloned and overexpressed in L. lactis NZ9000 using the nisin-controlled expression system. The enzyme was purified by Ni-NTA column chromatography and exhibited a specific activity of 5.34 units/mg, significantly higher than that of other previously reported ManB enzymes. The pH and temperature optima were 8.0 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. Interestingly, the ManB used in this study had two substrate specificity for both mannose-1-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate, and the specific activity for glucose-1-phosphate was 3.76 units/mg showing 70% relative activity to that of mannose-1-phosphate. This is the first study on heterologous expression and characterization of ManB in lactic acid bacteria. The ManB expression system constructed in this study canbe used to synthesize rare sugars or glycoconjugates.