• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.120-124
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• 1990

The occurrence of falcarinol(n-heptadeca-1, 9-dien-4,6-diyn-3-ol)in the umbelliferous plants such as Ladebouriella seseloides WOLFF., Cnidium officinale MAKINO, Foeniculum vulgare GAERTNER, Torilis japonica(HOUTT.) DC. Bupleurum falcatum L.,Angelica gigas NAKAI, Oenanthe javanica (BL.) DC. and Daucus carota var. sativa DC. was investigated using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS). Falcarinol was found in the root of Ledebouriella seseloides, the stem and the root of Oenanthe javanica, and the root of Daucus carota var. sativa in which its contents were $1,055\;{\mu}g/g$, $289\;{\mu}g/g$, $179\;{\mu}g/g$, and $212\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively, while it was not found in the other plants.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.275-282
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• 2000

Substantia nigra is known to highly express glibenclamide binding site, a protein associated to ATP-sensitive $K^{+}$ ($K_{ATP}$) channel in the brain. However, the functional expression of $K_{ATP}$ channels in the area is not yet known. In this work, we attempted to estimate the functional expression of $K_{ATP}$ channels in neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) in young rats using slice patch clamp technique. Membrane properties and whole cell currents attributable to $K_{ATP}$ channel were examined by the current and voltage clamp method, respectively. In SNC, two sub-populations of neurons were identified. Type I (rhythmic) neurons had low frequency rebound action potentials ($4.5{\pm}0.25Hz$, n=75) with rhythmic pattern. Type II (phasic) neurons were characterized by faster firing ($22.7{\pm}3.16Hz$, n=12). Both time constants and membrane capacitance in rhythmic neurons ($34.0{\pm}1.27$ ms, $270.0{\pm}11.83$ pF) and phasic neurons ($23.7{\pm}4.16$ ms, $184{\pm}35.2$ pF) were also significantly different. The current density of $K_{ATP}$ channels was $6.1{\pm}1.47$ pA/pF (2.44~15.43 pA/pF, n=8) at rhythmic neurons of young rats. Our data show that in SNC there are two types of neurons with different electrical properties and the density of $K_{ATP}$, channel of rhythmic neuron is about 600 channels per neuron.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.313-316
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• 2016

Sparassis crispa fruits were extracted in 80 % MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned into EtOAc, n-butyl alcohol, and water fractions. The repeated octadecyl $SiO_2$ and silica gel ($SiO_2$) column chromatographies for the EtOAc and nbutyl alcohol fractions led to isolation of two ergosterol peroxides. There chemical structures were determined as ($3{\beta}$,$5{\alpha}$,$8{\alpha}$,22E)-5,8-Epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol (ergosterol peroxide) (1) and 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl ergosterol peroxide (2) based on spectroscopic data analyses including nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectrometry, and mass spectrometry (MS). Compounds 1 and 2 were for the first time isolated from S. crispa in this study.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

In this paper, An X-band solid state power amplifier(SSPA) for pulse compressed microwave signal with 60Watt power and power added efficiency(PAE) above 30% is described. Designed 60Watt high power amplifier(HPA) was implemented by cascade coupled amplifiers, and it is consisted on three stage drive amplifiers with internally matched GaAs FET and one stage main power amplifier with an internally matched GaN HEMT. The designed SSPA has performance with more than total power gain 37dB and output power 48dBm(60-W) in condition of frequency range $9.41{\pm}0.03GHz$, pulse period width under 1ms and duty cycle under 10%. The implemented SSPA can apply to high quality digital marine radar applications with pulse compression technique.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.798-803
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• 1999

Prolyl endopeptidase [PEP; EC 3.4.21.26], a serine protease which is known to cleave peptide bonds on the carboxy side of a proline residue, plays an important role in the degradation of proline-containing neuropeptides that have been suggested to participate in learning and memory processes. An abnormal increase in the level of PEP, which can lead to generation of $A{\beta}$, is also suggested to be involved in Alzheimer's type senile dementia. In the course of screening PEP inhibitors from Basidiomycetes, the mushroom Polyozellus multiplex exhibited a high inhibitory activity against PEP. Two active compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction by consecutive purification, using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and Lobar RP-18 chromatography. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified as thelephoric acid and 12-acety1-2,3,7,8-tetrahydroxy-[12H]-12-hydroxymethylbenzobis[I.2b,3.4b'] benzofuran-11-one (kynapcin-9) by spectral data including UV, IR, MS, HR-MS, $^1H-,{\;}^{13}C-$, and 2D-NMR. The $IC_{50}$ values of the thelephoric acid and kynapcin-9 were 0.157 ppm (446nM) and 0.087 ppm (212nM) and their inhibitor constants ($K_i$) were 0.73ppm ($2.09{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$) and 0.060 ppm (146 nM), respectively. Furthermore, they were non-competitive with a substrate in Dixon plots.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1260-1274
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• 2016

To obtain good summarization algorithms, we need first understand how people summarize videos. 'Semantic gap' refers to the gap between semantics implied in video summarization algorithms and what people actually infer from watching videos. We hypothesized that ERP responses to real time videos will show either N400 effects to topic-irrelevant shots in the 300∼500ms time-range after stimulus on-set or P600 effects to topic-relevant shots in the 500∼700ms time range. We recruited 32 participants in the EEG experiment, asking them to focus on the topic of short videos and to memorize relevant shots to the topic of the video. After analysing real time videos based on the participants' rating information, we obtained the following t-test result, showing N400 effects on PF1, F7, F3, C3, Cz, T7, and FT7 positions on the left and central hemisphere, and P600 effects on PF1, C3, Cz, and FCz on the left and central hemisphere and C4, FC4, P8, and TP8 on the right. A further 3-way MANOVA test with repeated measures of topic-relevance, hemisphere, and electrode positions showed significant interaction effects, implying that the left hemisphere at central, frontal, and pre-frontal positions were sensitive in detecting topic-relevant shots while watching real time videos.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.547-559
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• 2021

Purpose: This study compares the snacking pattern, diet, lifestyle, and food preference of children by evaluating the most frequently eaten snacks. Methods: The survey enrolled 435 students from three elementary schools in Gyeonggi. Based on the most frequently eaten snacks, the subjects were divided into 3 groups: fruits and milk/dairy products for natural snacks (NS, n = 114); noodles, snack foods and fast foods for meal-like snacks (MS, n = 74); cookies, beverages and bread as sweet snacks (SS, n = 247). Results: Compared to the MS group, preferences of the NS group were significantly higher for jabgokbap (cooked rice with multi-grains, p < 0.05) and saengchae (seasoned raw vegetables, p < 0.01), and significantly lower for gogitwigim (deep-fried meat, p < 0.05). Taste preference of the NS group was considered to be more desirable; the taste preference of more subjects was 'sweet taste' in the SS group, 'spicy taste' in the MS group, 'salty taste' in the MS and SS groups, and 'sour taste' and 'bland taste' in the NS group than the other groups. Compared to the MS and SS groups, the NS group was determined to exercise more frequently; exercising for more than 30 minutes/day was determined to be 76.3% in the NS group and 58.1% and 57.9% in the other groups (p < 0.01). Moreover, a higher proportion of subjects in the MS group tended to answer 'not hungry' as the reason for leaving school meals, as compared to other groups (p = 0.055), thereby suggesting that inappropriate snacking habits interfere with regular meals. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that healthy snacking habits, which include natural snacks such as milk/dairy products and fruits, are important for children during the elementary school years, since these habits are associated with healthier diet, lifestyle, and food and taste preferences. These results provide basic information for developing nutritional education materials for elementary school children.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.461-468
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• 2000

For the enhancement of ginsenoside production in hairy roots cultures of Panax ginseng, the uptake rate of inorganic elements and ginsenoside contents were investigated by different concentrations of about phosphorus (P $O_{4}$$^{[-10]}$ ) and nitrogen (N $H_{4}$$^{+}$, N $O_{3}$$^{[-10]}$ ) sources. According to increased phosphorus and nitrogen sources, the uptake rate of $Mg^{2+}$ and F $e^{2+}$ in ginseng hairy roots were significantly increased. The uptake rate of F $e^{2+}$ in 5.15 mM N $H_{4}$$^{+}$ was higher at 47.5% than that in 20.6 mM, whereas that of C $u^{2+}$ in 10.3 mM were higher at 123.1% than that in 41.2 mM. These results indicated that phosphorus and nitrogen sources act not only elevated growth of hairy roots but also the uptake-enhancement of the irons and other ions. The optimum concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen sources for the contents of free sugars were different to kinds of free sugars. The optimum concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen sources for the ginsenoside formation in ginseng hairy roots cultures were highest at the most low concentration of all. The contents of ginsenoside-R $b_2$and -Rc in 0.31 mM P $O_{4}$$^{[-10]}$ were increased to 44.7% and 29.9% than that in 0.62 mM P $O_{4}$$^{[-10]}$ , respectively. The contents of ginsenoside-R $b_2$ and -Rc in 5.15 mM N $H_{4}$$^{+}$ were increased to 21.7% and 31.9% than that in 10.30 mM N $H_{4}$$^{+}$, respectively. The contents of ginsenoside-R $b_2$and -Rc in 4.7 mn N $O_{3}$$^{[-10]}$ were also increased to 17.6% and 25.5% than that in 9.4 mM N $O_{3}$$^{[-10]}$ , respectively. These results indicate that enhancement of the ginsenoside formation in ginseng hairy roots was feasible by new medium modulation of concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen sources.rogen sources.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.54-67
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• 2003

The voltage-dependence of N-type calcium current inactivation is U-shaped with the degree of inactivation roughly mirroring inward current. This voltage-dependence has been reported to result from a purely voltage-dependent mechanism. However, $Ca^{2＋}$-dependent inactivation of N-channels has also been reported. We have investigated the role of $Ca^{2＋}$ in N-channel inactivation by comparing the effects of $Ba^{2＋}$and $Ca^{2＋}$ on whole-cell N-current in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons. For individual cells in-activation was always larger in $Ca^{2＋}$ than in $Ba^{2＋}$ even when internal EGTA (11 mM) was replaced with BAPTA (20 mM). The inactivation vs. voltage relationship was U-shaped in both divalent cations. The enhancement of inactivation by $Ca^{2＋}$ was inversely related with the magnitude of inactivation in $Ba^{2＋}$ as if the mechanisms of inactivation were the same in both $Ba^{2＋}$ and $Ca^{2＋}$. In support of this idea we could separate fast ( ${\gamma}$ ～150 ms) and slow ( ${\gamma}$ ～ 2500 ms) components of inactivation in both $Ba^{2＋}$and $Ca^{2＋}$ using 5 sec voltage steps. Differential effects were observed on each component with $Ca^{2＋}$ enhancing the magnitude of the fast component and the speed of the slow component. The larger amplitude of fast component indicates that the more channels inactivate via this pathway with $Ca^{2＋}$ than with $Ba^{2＋}$, but the stable time constants support the idea the fast inactivation mechanism is identical in $Ba^{2＋}$and $Ca^{2＋}$. The results do not support a $Ca^{2＋}$-dependent mechanism for fast inactivation. However, the $Ca^{2＋}$-induced acceleration of the slowly inactivating component could result from a $Ca^{2＋}$-dependent process.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.276.3-277
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• 2003

A simple, accurate GC analytical technique for the determination of phthalates. commonly used as plasticizers during the manufacturing process of PVC bags, in blood component preparations was developed and validated. The blood component preparations were extracted with n-hexane. The n-hexane layer was evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in 1 $m\ell$ of n-hexane and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. (omitted)