• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.91-94
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• 2016

The fruits of Morus alba L. were extracted with 80 % aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned into EtOAc, n-butyl alcohol, and water fractions. The repeated silica gel ($SiO_2$) and octadecyl silica gel column chromatographies for the EtOAc and n-butyl alcohol fractions led to isolation of two phenolic compounds. The chemical structures of the compounds were determined as Diels-Alder type adducts, mulberrofuran E (1) and chalcomoracin (2) based on spectroscopic data analyses including nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectrometry. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated for the first time from the fruits of M. alba L. in this study.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 1998

Tobacco proembryos were irradiated with 100 Gy of heavy-ion beams($^{14}\textrm{N}$, $^{20}\textrm{Ne}$: 135 Mev/u) after 24 to 96 hours of pollination as a mutagen and screened $\textrm{M}_{1}$ generation for morphological mutants and salt-tolerant plants. Morphological and physiological characteristics of the salt-tolerant plants derived from the irradiated proembryo are discussed in this report. Mutants irradiated proembryos with the beams after pollination produced various kinds of morphological variation. A total of 17 salt-tolerant plants were selected from tobacco cultivar (BY-4) by treatment with $^{14}\textrm{N}$ beam. Shapes of filament and pollen grain of most salt-tolerant plants were abnormal compared with non-irradiated wild type, and seeds weight and fertility obviously decreased. The germination rates of the several $\textrm{M}_{2}$ lines on the saline and the mannitol condition were higher than that of wild type.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.172-175
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• 2008

Stable isotope ratio of carbon and nitrogen ($\delta^{13}C$ & $\delta^{15}N$), and $\Delta^{9}$-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) contents were measured on 37 Korean cannabis and 10 commercial grade marijuana seized in Korea. Factors influencing on the measured values and their variations were investigated. $\delta^{13}C$ value of cannabis is specified mainly by water availability. Korean cannabis showed relatively low $\delta^{13}C$ values ranging -33.29$\sim$-27.01% (mean=-31.01%), which reflect geographic conditions of Korea where is rainy, especially during summer. $\delta^{15}N$ values, which reflect individual planting conditions, were relatively high up to -0.5$\sim$18.0% (mean=6.44%). It reflects characteristics of Korean cannabis growing wild in forest or cultivated in fertile soil. Tetrahydrocannabinol is the major hallucinogenic compound of cannabis. Ethanol extracts of cannabis leaves were derivatized by N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), and the derivatives were analyzed by GC-MS in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. THC contents of Korean cannabis ranged 0.11$\sim$4.34% (mean=1.47%), which were relatively low compared with commercial grade marijuana.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.491-502
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the upper and lower control limits of treatment planning parameters using EBT film based delivery quality assurance (DQA) results and to analyze the results of statistical process control (SPC) in helical tomotherapy (HT). A total of 152 patients who passed or failed DQA results were retrospectively included in this study. Prostate (n = 66), rectal (n = 51), and large-field cancer patients, including lymph nodes (n = 35), were randomly selected. The absolute point dose difference (DD) and global gamma passing rate (GPR) were analyzed for all patients. Control charts were used to evaluate the upper and lower control limits (UCL and LCL) for all the assessed treatment planning parameters. Treatment planning parameters such as gantry period, leaf open time (LOT), pitch, field width, actual and planning modulation factor, treatment time, couch speed, and couch travel were analyzed to provide the optimal range using the DQA results. The classification and regression tree (CART) was used to predict the relative importance of variables in the DQA results from various treatment planning parameters. We confirmed that the proportion of patients with an LOT below 100 ms in the failure group was relatively higher than that in the passing group. SPC can detect QA failure prior to over dosimetric QA tolerance levels. The acceptable tolerance range of each planning parameter may assist in the prediction of DQA failures using the SPC tool in the future.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.321-324
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• 2014

Fresh and chopped aerial parts of Oryza sativa were extracted in 80% aqueous mehthanol, and the concentrated extract was successively partitioned in n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and $H_2O$ fractions. From the n-BuOH fraction, two compounds were isolated through repeated silica gel and ODS column chromatography (c.c.). Based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy spectroscopic data, the compounds were identified to be adenosine (1) and phlomuroside (2). Especially, the configuration of both the anomer hydroxyl groups was determined as ${\beta}$ from the coupling constants of the anomer protons (J =6.0 and 7.6 Hz) in the $^1H-NMR$ spectra. This is the first report for the isolation of these compounds from Oryza sativa L.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 1995

This study was aimed to mutant induction in Gentiana scabra BUNGE through the tissue culture techniques and comparison of gentiopicroside content in each mutant plants derived from tissue culture. In order to induce the mutants of Gentiam scabra, seed, apical and lateral bud were soaked in $NaN_3$, EMS and MNU solutions and cultured on MS basal medium containing 0.5mg/l NAA, BA $NaN_3$, MNU-treated buds survived about 50% but not survived in EMS treatment. Seed germination rate was extremely low in EMS and MNU treatments but various types of mutant plantlets were obtained by those treatments. 63% of elongated type and 37% of dwarf type were obtained from tissue culture treated by various mutagen. Gentiopicroside contents of regenerated plantlets was analyzed. Root of dwarf type contained more gentiopicroside(1.383%) than that of elongation type (0.083%).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.559-566
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• 2009

Effective nutrition educations for prevention of chronic diseases for the general population are of great importance these days. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of nutrition education for cardiovascular risk factor reduction by e-mail education in male workers. The participants were divided into three groups by age; 28-39 age group, 40-49 age group, and 50-59 age group who got regular checkups for anthropometry and biochemistry. The 1 year program consisted of 15 topics containing information about metabolic syndrome (MS) and healthy eating behavior (intake of salt, fat and alcohol). Seven hundred thirty nine participants volunteered for the study [28-39 age group, n = 240; body mass index (BMI) = 24.9 $\pm$ 2.7 kg/m$^2$: 40' group, n = 276; BMI = 24.8 $\pm$ 2.6 kg/m$^2$: 50' group, n = 223; BMI = 24.9 $\pm$ 2.7 kg/m$^2$]. Percentage body fat (p < 0.05) and percentage of abdominal fat (p < 0.05), total cholesterol (p < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) were significantly decreased in all participants after the 1 year program. The total number of participants who had MS was decreased from 216 to 199 and especially the incidence of MS was decreased 27% in the group of subjects who were under the age 39. The e-mail worksite nutrition education program shows a substantial contribution to the development of effective CVD and chronic disease control and lifestyle nutrition educations that are applicable to and attractive for the large population at risk.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1295-1306
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• 1998

Recent research indicates that the n-3 fatty acid , docosahexaenoic acid(22 : 6n 3, DHA) plays an essential role in infant brain development . DHA is highly concentrated in brain and retinal tissues and accumulates during late fetal and early neonatal life. Diets deficient in DHA are associated with reduced levels of DHA in brain and retinal tissues. The purpose of this study is to investigate the long term effects of DHA supplementation on the growth and mental development of full-term infants. THirty four healty infants were recruited from those who were delivered at Kyung Hee Medical Center. The experimental groups were the breast milk+DHA(-) group who were fed human milk for 20 weeks after birth and thereafter were fed placebo formula for 28 weeks, the breast milk+DHA(+) group who were fed human milk for 20 weeks after birth and thereafter were fed DHA supplemented formula for 28 weeks, DHA(-) group who were fed placebo formula for 48 weeks, and DHA(+) group who were fed DHA supplemented formula for 48 weeks. The daily average intake of DHA for the breast milk+DHA(-) , breast milk+DHA(+), DHA(-) and DHA(+) groups were 39.1mg, 89.9mg, 17.7mg, and 160.224mg, respectively. The results showed that measurements of infant weight, length, head, and chest circumferncewere all in normal range and they were not influenced by the DHA supplements in their diets. There was a significant correlation between dietary DHA intake and erythrocyte DHA level. The results of flash visual evoke potential (VEP) test were not correlated with eerythrocyte DHA and dietary DHA levels at 48 weeks of age. No differences were found in Bayley mental and Psychomotor Development lndex scores among the four experimental groups at 48 weeks of age. Unlike the short-term effects there was no long-term effect of relatively small amounts of dietary DHA supplements on the scores for flash VEP and Bayley test, even thour호 there was an elevated DHA supplements on the scores for flash VEP and Bayley test, even through there was an elevated DHA content in the infants erythrocytes.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2008

Nuruk is the Korean traditional Koji that contains various microorganisms and has been used to make the traditional fermented foods including alcoholic beverages. Rhizopus oryzae KSD-815 was isolated from the alcohol-fermenting Nuruk used for manufacturing traditional alcohol. In this study, the authors reported the isolation and identification of four lipids from the Nuruk (Rhizopus oryzae KSD-815) that inoculated wheat with Rhizopus oryzae KSD-815. The dried and powdered Nuruk (Rhizopus oryzae KSD-815) were extracted three times at room temperature with 80% aqueous MeOH. The extracts were partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH, and water, successively. The EtOAc extract was suspended in 80% MeOH and partitioned repeatedly with n-hexane. From the n-hexane fraction, four lipids were isolated through the repeated silica gel and ODS column chromatographies. According to the results of physico-chemical data including NMR, GC and MS, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as linolenic acid methyl ester (1), palmitic acid methyl ester (2), linoleic acid (3), palmitic acid (4). Cytotoxicity was evaluated in huamn breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and human hepatocarcinoma, SK-HEP-1 cells using MTT assay. Exposure of compounds 1 and 3 led to a dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability in both cancer cell lines. In addition, treatment of RAW264.7 cells with compound 3 caused inhibition of lipopolysaccharide/interferon-${\gamma}$-induced nitric oxide production.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.59-66
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• 2002

This study was proposed as an exploratory study for understanding the biological bases and structures of three personality models: Eysenck's PEN model, Gray's BIS/BAS model, and Costa & McCrae's Five Factor Model, which was chosen as the major descriptive model regardless of its biological bases. Besides, Eysenck's impulsivity scale, IVE, was added to demonstrate the relationship of P and impulsivity. Concerning personality, most previous reports have explored the relationships between P300 and the introversion-extraversion of Eysenck's theory because of its putative biological bases. In the present study, forty-eight undergraduate took four personality batteries (ERQ-R, NEO-Pl-R, BIS/BAS, and IVE). Two types of oddball tasks including different stimulus duration were used to induce ERPs (50ms for task 1, 300ms for task 2). Distributional topographies of correlation coefficients with personality traits and ERP components were drawn, and considered for the consistent interpretation of the personality model structures. Even though all equivalences for extraversion of personality batteries showed similarities for their intra-correlation, their correlations with P3 amplitudes were dissociate. Eysenck's E might not be the proper psychometric measure for elucidating its biological bases. The present study supported the negative relationship of P3 amplitude and extraversion, which is the consensus of previous studies. Neuroticism and Psychoticism showed correlations with the earlier sensory processing components such as N1 and P2. This result might explain the reason why most of studies have failed to find biological connections relating them. Interaction between gender and personality traits should be considered for the interpretation of correlations. Two types of auditory stimulus duration had different sensitivity to personality traits.