• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.414-422
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• 2020

Fangchinoline (FAN) is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is widely known for its anti-tumor properties. The goal of this study is to examine the effects of FAN on arthritis and the possible pathways it acts on. Human fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS), carrageenan/kaolin arthritis rat model (C/K), and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice model were used to establish the efficiency of FAN in arthritis. Human FLS cells were treated with FAN (1, 2.5, 5, 10 µM) 1 h before IL-1β (10 ng/mL) stimulation. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species measurement, and western blot analysis of inflammatory mediators and the MAPK and NF-κB pathways were performed. In the animal models, after induction of arthritis, the rodents were given 10 and 30 mg/kg of FAN orally 1 h before conducting behavioral experiments such as weight distribution ratio, knee thickness measurement, squeaking score, body weight measurement, paw volume measurement, and arthritis index measurement. Rodent knee joints were also analyzed histologically through H&E staining and safranin staining. FAN decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines and ROS in human FLS cells as well as the phosphorylation of the MAPK pathway and NF-κB pathway in human FLS cells. The behavioral parameters in the C/K rat model and CIA mouse model and inflammatory signs in the histological analysis were found to be ameliorated in FAN-treated groups. Cartilage degradation in CIA mice knee joints were shown to have been suppressed by FAN. These findings suggest that fangchinoline has the potential to be a therapeutic source for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to identify the flow resistance of the bottom trawl net. The bottom trawl net being used in the training ship of Chonnam National University was selected as a full-scale net, and model nets such as 1/10, 1/25 and 1/50 of the actual net were made. Total resistance of the net part, the height of the net mouth and the flow resistance of components of the net such as wing, bag and cod-end part was measured, converted into full-scale and compared. Additionally, the model rule of Tauti (1934), which has been most frequently used in fishing net modeling experiments, was applied to interpret flow resistance and scale effect of model experiment was investigated. Presumed that the flow resistance R is $R=kS{\upsilon}^2$ against the flow velocity of each net ${\upsilon}$, resistance coefficient k was calculated by substituting R, ${\upsilon}$ and S of the net. From the result, it was found that k decreases exponentially when u increases which makes $k=c{\upsilon}^{-m}$. Whereas m of each net is ranged between 0.13-0.16 and there was not significant difference between nets. c does not show big difference in 1/10 and 1/25 model and the value itself was relatively bigger than in 1/50 model. The height of the net mouth of 1/25 and 1/50 model net h decreases exponentially according as ${\upsilon}$ increases to make $h=d{\upsilon}^{-n}$. Whereas d and n values were almost same in two nets. Additionally, when resistance of cod-end, wing and bag part in 1/25 and 1/50 model nets, both nets showed big resistance in bag part when flow is 1m/s as more than 60%. Wing and cod-end part showed almost same value or wing part had little bit larger value. On the other hand, when reviewing the reasons why both models showed difference in 1/50 model while c value against the resistance coefficient k did not show big difference in 1/10 and 1/25 model, it is inferred that the difference occurred not from material difference but from the difference in net size according to scale. It was judged that they are the scale effects concomitant to the model experiments.

• 천문학회보
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.43.3-43.3
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• 2017

NGC 6822 is a dwarf irregular galaxy in the Local Group and it is located in 500 kpc, further than the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Small Magellanic Cloud. Therefore, we can study star-forming processes by local condition in NGC 6822 instead of tidal force of the Galactic gravitational field. Hubble V is the brightest of several H II complexes in this galaxy. We observed Hubble V by using IGRINS attached on the 2.7 m telescope at the McDonald Observatory in Texas, US in May 2016. We performed a spectral mapping of $15^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\times} 7^{{\prime}{\prime}}$area on H and K bands, and detected emission lines of bright $Br{\gamma}\;{\lambda}2.1661{\mu}m$ and weak He I ${\lambda}2.0587{\mu}m$. Molecular hydrogen lines of 1-0S(1) ${\lambda}2.1218{\mu}m$, 2-1 S(1) ${\lambda}2.2477{\mu}m$, and 1-0 S(0) ${\lambda}2.2227{\mu}m$ was also detected. These emission lines show the structure of an ionized core and excited surface of clouds by far-ultraviolet photons, photodissociation region (PDR). We present three-dimensional maps of emission line distributions through multi slit scanning data and compare these results with the previous study. This presentation shows the physical structure of the star-forming regions and we discuss a PDR model and an evolution of Hubble V complex.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2007

pH가 혐기성 수소 발효에 미치는 영향을 고찰하기 위해 배양기간 동안 pH를 $3\sim10$까지 일정하게 유지시킨 상태에서 수소생산 효율을 살펴보았다. 유입기질을 sucrose로 하여 생성된 가스는 이산화탄소와 수소였으며 메탄가스는 검출되지 않았다. 수정 Gompartz 방정식을 이용하여 수소가스 발생량$(P_h)$과 최대수소 생성율$(R_h)$을 회귀분석하였을 때 pH 5에서 수소가스 발생량$(P_h)$은 약 1182 mL이고 최대수소 생성율$(R_h)$은 112.46 mL/g dry wt biomass/hr이였다. 수소 전환율은 22.56%이였으며 butyrate/acetate 비가 pH 5에서는 1.63, pH 6에서는 0.38로 ratio값이 높은 pH 5에서 효율이 더 좋다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Haldane equation을 이용하여 비수소생산율을 산정해 본 결과 최대 비수소생산율은 119.61 mL/g VSS/hr이였고, 최대 비수소생산율을 나타내는 pH는 5.5로 판명되었다.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2003년도 학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.78-78
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• 2003

Embryonic stem (ES) cells, derived from preimplantation embryo, are able to differentiate into various types of cells consisting the whole body, or pluripotency. In contrast, terminally differentiated cells do not usually alter their nature but frequently die or transform if they are exposed to inappropriate external stimulations. In addition to the plasticity, ES cells are expected to be different from terminally differentiated cells in very many ways, such as patterns of gene expressions, ability and response of the cells in confronting environmental stimulations, metabolism, and growth rate. As a model system to differentiate these two types of cells, human ES cells (MB03) and terminally differentiated cells (HeLa), we examined the ability of these two types of cells in confronting a severe oxidative insult, that is $H_2O$$_2$. Approximately 1$\times$10$^4$ cells were plated in 96 well plate and serum starved for overnight. The conditioned cells were exposed to a various concentration of $H_2O$$_2$ fur 24 hrs and loaded with neutral red (50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) for 4 hrs, washed with PBS for 2 min three times, and entrapped dye was dissolved out using acetic ethanol. Cytotoxicity was determined by reading the amount of dye in the medium using microplate reader. equipped with 575 nm filter. Relative amount of the dye entrapped within MB03 or HeLa were not significantly different when cells were exposed up to 0.4 mM $H_2O$$_2$. However, this sharply decreased down to 0.12% in HeLa cells when the cells were exposed to 0.8 mM $H_2O$$_2$, while it was approximately 54% in MB03 suggesting that this concentration of $H_2O$$_2$ is the defensive threshold for HeLa cells. The resistance to oxidative stimulation reversed, however, when cells were co-treated with BSO (L-buthionine- 〔S, R〕-sulfoximine) which chelates intracellular GSH. This result suggests that cellular GSH is the major defensive mechanism of human ES cells. Induction of enzymes involved in GSH metabolism and type of cell death is currently being studied.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.313-325
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• 2011

황해 조석모의를 위한 유한요소 격자체계가 h-상세화에 의해 구축되어 이전연구(서, 1999b) 14 K 절점에 비해 210 K로 연안지역 해상이 특별하게 고려되었다. 격자생성시 인접절점간 수심변화, 무차원 조석파장비가 고려되어 전체절점의 약 1/4이 수심 5 m 내외 연안역에 집중적으로 분포되었다. 수심에 ETOPO1 및 30초 정밀자료가 적용되었고 개방경계에 FES2004로부터 자동추출된 8대분조가 정의되었다. 조석모의에는 비선형 3차원 조화모형이 수립되었으며, 연직난류와 바닥마찰계수의 변화에 따른 서해연안의 조석확폭이 모의되었고, 8대분조 및 $M_4,$ $MS_4$ 등 비선형 천해조석과 $M_f$ 및 $M_{sf}$의 장주기 등이 재현되었다. 천문조뿐만 아니라 비선형 항의 반복에 의해 계산되는 천해조 해석결과에 마찰계수의 공간적변화가 미치는 영향이 지대하여, 조석 주기별로 다른 값을 적용하는 것이 제시되었다. 조석 비대칭성 분포를 파악하고자 진폭비 $M_4/M_2$와 위상차 $2g(M_2)-g(M_4)$를 계산하였는데, 우리나라 서해연안에 조석왜곡 비율이 0.2에 다다르는 등 천해역 특성이 뚜렷하며 목포해역 전면에 폭넓은 낙조우세가 재현되었다.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.181-192
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• 2016

In this work effect of high energy milling on the structural and electrical properties of $Ba(Fe_{1/2}Ta_{1/2})O_3$ (BFT) ceramic synthesized using standard solid-state reaction method were investigated. X-ray diffraction studies indicated that the unit cell structure for all the samples to be hexagonal (space group: P3m1). FTIR spectra also confirmed the formation of BFT without any new phase. The milled (10 h) BFT ceramic showed the formation of small grain sizes (<$2{\mu}m$) which is beneficial for dielectric applications in high density integrated devices. Besides, the milled (10 h) BFT ceramic sample exhibited superior dielectric properties (enhancement in ${\varepsilon}^{\prime}-value$ and reduction in $tg{\delta}-value$) compared to un-milled one. Impedance analysis indicated the negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) character. The correlated barrier hopping model (jump relaxation type) is found to successfully explain the mechanism of charge transport in present ceramic samples.

• 식품기술
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2005

Aims: As a preliminary experiment on new sanitizer delivery tools, the efficacy of aerosolizedsanitizer on foodborne pathogens was investigated in larger model chamber system.Methods: Peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide were aerosolized in a model system againstartificially inoculated target microorganisms on laboratory media. Cultures of 4 different foodborne pathogens were inoculated and affixed onto 3 different heights (bottom, wall, and ceiling), and 3different orientations (face-down, vertical, and face-down) inside a commercial semi-trailer cabinet(14.6 x 2.6 x 2.8 m). Sanitizer was aerosolized into 2 m droplet size fog and treated for 1 h atambient temperature.Results: Populations of Bacillus cereus, Listeria innocua, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonellatyphimurium were reduced by an average of 3.09, 7.69, 6.93 and 8.18 log units per plate, respectively.Interestingly, L. innocua, Staph. aureus, and Salm. typhimurium showed statistically not different (P$\leq$ 0.05) reduction patterns relative to height and orientation that were never expected in a sprayingsystemConclusion and significance: Aerosolized sanitizers diffuse like gaseous sanitizers, so it has greatpotential for use in commercial applications.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권1B호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 대구광역시 서구 비산7동 지역을 배수구역으로 선정하여 집중호우발생시 유출특성을 모의하고, 침수피해를 저감시키기 위한 방안으로 지하저류조의 설치에 따른 침수피해 저감효과에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. SWMM 모형을 적용하여 2003년 태풍 '매미' 사상에 대한 유출해석을 실시하였으며, 유출해석을 통하여 계산된 월류량에 대한 2차원 침수모형을 적용한 침수해석을 통하여 2003년 당시의 침수흔적도와 침수해석 결과의 비교 및 검증을 실시하여 침수지역의 공간적 분포가 매우 유사한 양상을 보이고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 지하저류조의 설치에 따른 침수피해 저감효과를 분석하기 위하여 동일한 강우조건을 가지고 대상유역에 대한 유출해석을 실시하여 월류된 유량에 대한 2차원 침수해석을 실시하여 침수피해 저감효과를 분석하였다. 지하저류조의 설치 및 크기에 따른 침수피해 저감효과를 분석한 결과 지하저류조의 높이가 1.7 m($120m{\times}180m{\times}1.7m$)인 경우 월류체적은 72%, 침수면적은 40.1% 감소하였고, 높이가 2.0m($120m{\times}180m{\times}2.0m$)인 경우 월류체적은 84.8%, 침수면적은 50.6% 감소하였으며, 높이가 2.2 m($120m{\times}180m{\times}2.2m$)인 경우 월류체적은 94%, 침수면적은 91.2% 감소하였고, 높이가 2.5 m($120m{\times}180m{\times}2.5m$)인 경우는 월류가 발생하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 지하 저류조의 크기와 위치에 따른 침수피해 저감영향에 대한 정량적 분석을 통하여 제시된 연구결과는 침수피해 방지를 위하여 경제적이고 사회적으로도 활용가치가 높은 지하저류조의 설치를 위한 충분한 기초자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1985

침출액(浸出液)의 종류별(種類別) 토양중(土壤中) Cd, Zn, Pb의 침출성(浸出性) 및 이들 중김속(重金屬)과 토양특성(土壤特性)과의 관계(關係)를 구명(究明)코자 폐아연광산지역(廢亞鉛鑛山地域)의 린근답(隣近畓)에서 채취(採取)한 토양시료(土壤試料) 84점(點)을 사용(使用)하여 0.1M-염산(鹽酸), 0.1M-실산(室酸), 0.001M-ED TA 및 0.1M-수산(修酸)암모늄등(等) 4종(種)의 침출액(浸出液)을 비교분석(比較分析)한 결과(結果) 침출정도(浸出程度)는 0.1 M $HCl{\geq}0.1M-HNO_3> 0.001 M-2Na EDTA>0.1 M NH_4-oxalate$순(順)이였으며 침출액(浸出液)의 pH가 낮을수록 침출력(浸出力)이 강하였다. 또 침출액간(浸出液間) 및 전함량(全含量)과 침출액성(全含量) 중김속(重金屬) 함량간(含量間)에는 고도(高度)의 회귀관계(回歸關係)가 성립(成立)되었으나 침출력(浸出力)이 극히 낮은 0.1 $M-NH_4-oxalate$는 중김속(重金屬) 오염량(汚染量) 식은 토양(土壤)에 대(對)한 작물(作物)의 오염정도추정(汚染程度推定)을 목적(目的)으로 토양(土壤)을 분석(分析)할 경우 적용(適用)하기에는 부적합(不適合)할 것으로 생각되었다. 토양중(土壤中) Cd, Zn 및 Pb는 토양(土壤)의 pH와 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 가지나 토양유기물(土壤有機物)과 CEC와는 지역간(地域間)에 서로 상반(相反)되는 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였으며 양(陽)이온중 Mg만이 유의성(有意性) 있는 부(負)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타냈다.