• 전기화학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.158-169
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• 2006

The present article is concerned with the overview of the chemically/surface modified cubic spinel $LiMn_2O_4$ as a cathode electrode far lithium ion secondary batteries. Firstly, this article presented a comprehensive survey of the cubic spinel structure and its correlated electrochemical behaviour of $LiMn_2O_4$. Subsequently, the various kinds of the chemically/surface modified $LiMn_2O_4$ and their electrochemical characteristics were discussed in detail. Finally, this article reviewed our recent research works published on the mechanism of lithium transport through the chemically/surface modified $Li_{1-\delta}Mn_2O_4$ electrode from the kinetic view point by the analyses of the experimental potentiostatic current transients and ac-impedance spectra.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.552-558
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• 2000

LiMn2O4 thin fiolm cathodes for Li-ion secondary battery were fabricated by r.f. magnetron sputtering technique. As-deposited films were amorphous. A spinel structure could not be obtained LiMn2O4 films by in-situ thermal annealing. After post thermal annealing over $700^{\circ}C$ in oxygen atmosphere, LiMn2O4 films prepared above 100 W r.f. power could be crystallized into a spinel structure. The electrochemical property of the LiMn2O4 film cathodes was tested in a Li/1 M LiClO4 in PC/LiMn2O4 cell. From cyclic voltammetry at scan rate of 2mV/sec of 2.5~4.5V, LiMn2O4 electrode prepared by post annealing at 75$0^{\circ}C$ showed good initial capacity. LiMn2O4 electrode prepared by post annealing at 80$0^{\circ}C$ showed the best crycling performance.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.832-837
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• 1999

수용액계에서 정극활물질의 안정성을 1 M LiOH 용액에서 Tafel plot를 통해서 측정하였으며, 이 때 $LiM_xMn_{2-x}O_4$(x=0.05~0.1) 전극은 100 mA에서 0.13~0.15 mV의 과전압으로 $LiMn_2O_4$ 전극보다 0.05 mV가 낮은 과전압을 나타냈다. 또한 전위변화에 따른 전해질의 전도도는 $LiM_xMn_{2-x}O_4$가 스피넬 구조의 $LiMn_2O_4$보다 높고 나타났으며, $Mn^{+2}$의 용해에 의한 용액저항은 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 1999

We have investigated the $LiMn_2O_4$system as an cathode material for lithium rechargeable batteries. $LiMn_2O_4$spinel oxides have been synthesized by a solid state methode. We varied sintering time at a fixed sintering temperature of 75$0^{\circ}C$. In order to investigate the electrochemical properties of prepared $LiMn_2O_4$we assembled three-electrode cells using the working electrode as active material and Li metal as the counter and reference electrodes. The electrolyte was 1 M LiPE$_{6}$-EC:DEC(1:1 by volume). The particle size of sample synthesized at 75$0^{\circ}C$ ranged about 60$\mu m$. The discharge capacity of a cell involving spinel $LiMn_2O_4$ increased with increasing sintering time.e.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.6
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• pp.595-596
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• 2005

This research which it sees adds $LiMn_2O_4$ in the activated carbon electrode the test against the effect which it follows is. Test cells, which were $LiMn_2O_4$fabricated with active mass composite consisted of (100-X)% of MSP-20 and (X)% of $LiMn_2O_4$ (X=20,40,60,80,100), exhibits the better specific capacitance than those of the cells fabricated with single active mass that is MSP-20. The enhanced properties of composite active mass could be caused by capability of $LiMn_2O_4$ powders. But the resistance was increase by proportionate in $LiMn_2O_4$ addition and when mixture ratio of the activated carbon and the $LiMn_2O_4$ being similar, to be low rather to the after where had become the maximum it came.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.774-780
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• 1998

스피넬 구조인 $LiMn_2O_4$의 안정성을 향상시키기 위해서 망간과 비슷한 이온반경을 갖는 여러 가지 금속원소, Mg, Fe, V, W, Cr, Mo들을 일부 치환하였으며 ($LiM_xMn_{2-x}O_4(0.05{\leq}x{\leq}0.02)$), 이 결과 $LiM_xMn_{2-x}O_4$ 정극은 정극물질로 사용할 경우 $LiMn_2O_4$보다 낮은 용량감소를 나타냈다. 그리고 화학확산계수의 측정 결과 $LiMg_{0.05}Mn_{1.9}O_4$와 $LiCr_{0.1}Mn_{1.9}O_4$의 화학확산계수는 $LiMn_2O_4$보다 약 10배 이상 크게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 $LiMn_2O_4$에 여러 가지 금속원소를 치환시킴으로 구조적인 안정화로 인한 전기화학적 성능을 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.466-472
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• 2000

As cathode materials of LiMn2O4-based lithium-ion secondary batteries, Li(Mn1-$\delta$M$\delta$)2O4 (M=Ni and Co, $\delta$=0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2) materials which Co and Ni are substituted for Mn, were syntehsized by the solid state reaction at 80$0^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours. No second phases were formed in Li(Mn1-$\delta$M$\delta$)2O4 system with substitution of Co. However, substitution of Ni caued to form a second phase of NiO when its composition exceeded over 0.2 of $\delta$ in Li(Mn1-$\delta$M$\delta$)2O4. As the results of charging-discharging test, the maximum capacity of Li(Mn1-$\delta$M$\delta$)2O4 appeared in $\delta$=0.1 for both Co and Ni. Also, Li(Mn1-$\delta$M$\delta$)2O4 electrode showed higher capacity and better cycle performance than LiMn2O4.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.178-182
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• 2007

$LiMn_2O_4$와 활성탄을 양극의 활물질로 사용하여 비수계 슈퍼커패시터를 제조하고 $LiMn_2O_4$의 함량에 따른 특성을 분석하였다. Cyclic voltammetry, AC impedance 분석 등을 통하여, 활성탄의 전기 이중층으로 인한 capacitive 효과에 $Li^+$ 이온의 intercalation/deintercalation에 의한 faradaic 효과가 더해진 pseudocapacitance의 발현을 확인할 수 있었으며, $LiMn_2O_4$의 함량이 증가할수록 비정전용량 및 에너지 밀도가 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. $LiMn_2O_4:C$의 비율이 0.86:0.14인 복합 양극을 사용하여, 순수 활성탄 양극 대비 2배 이상인 23.83 F/cc의 비정전용량과 17.51 Wh/L의 에너지밀도를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, 1,000회 충방전 후에도 60% 이상 향상된 비정전용량과 에너지 밀도를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.817-823
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• 2000

A solid-state electrochemicall cell for sensing CO2 gas was fabricated using a solid electrolyte of Li2CO3-Li3PO4-Al2O3 mixture and a reference electrode of LiMn2O4. The e.m.f. (electromotive force) of sensor showed a good accordance with theoretical Nernst slope (n=2) for CO2 gas concentration range of 100-10000 ppm above 35$0^{\circ}C$. The e.m.f. of sensor was constant regardless of oxygen partial pressure at the high temperature above 0.1 atm. It was, however, a little depended on oxygen partial pressure as the pressure decreased below 0.1 atm. The oxygen-dependency of our sensor gradually disappeared as the operating temperature increased. The sensing behavior of our CO2 sensor was affected by the presence of water vapor, but its effect was small comparing with other sensors.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2012

$Li_2MnSiO_4$ was synthesized using the solid-state method under an Ar atmosphere at three different calcination temperatures (900, 950, and $1000^{\circ}C$). The optimization of the carbon coating was also carried out using various molar concentrations of adipic acid as the carbon source. The XRD pattern confirmed that the resulting $Li_2MnSiO_4$ particles exhibited an orthorhombic structure with a $Pmn2_1$ space group. Cyclic voltammetry was utilized to investigate the capacitive behavior of $Li_2MnSiO_4$ along with activated carbon (AC) in a hybrid supercapacitor with a two-electrode cell configuration. The $Li_2MnSiO_4$/AC cell exhibited a high discharge capacitance and energy density of $43.2Fg^{-1}$ and $54Whkg^{-1}$, respectively, at $1.0mAcm^{-2}$. The $Li_2MnSiO_4$/AC hybrid supercapacitor exhibited an excellent cycling stability over 1000 measured cycles with coulombic efficiency over > 99 %. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was conducted to corroborate the results that were obtained and described.