• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.118-123
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• 1986

농축대두단백으로 두유를 만들고 여기서 Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, L. casci, Streptococcus lactis or S. cremoris를 각각 접종하여 젖산균의 생육과 산생성을조사하고 커드상의 대두요구르트로부터 액상(液狀)의 젖산균음료를 제조하여 관능검사를 실시한 후에 두유와 대두 요구르트에 들어 있는 몇가지 휘발성분을 측정하였다. 생육 실험의 결과를 보면 두유에 접종된 5종의 젖산균가운데 산생성은 대체적으로 L. bulgaricus가 가장 높았고 다음은 L. casci, L. acidophilus, S. lactis, S. cremoris의 순이었다. 관능검사의 결과를 보면 대두젖산균음료의 향미(香味)는 우유젖산균음료의 향미(香味)보다 떨어졌으며, 대두젖산균음료 중에는 산생성도가 가장 높은 L. bulgaricus로 만든 젖산균음료의 향미(香味)가 가장 우수하였고 산생성도가 가장 낮은 S. lactis로 만든 젖산균음료의 향미(香味)가 가장 저조하였다. 두유와 대두젖산균음료의 향미(香味)를 비교할 때 대두젖산균음료의 향미(香味)가 훨씬 우수하였으며, 젖산균발효에 의하여 두유에 들어 있는 n-hexanal은 크게 감소하였고 diacetyl이 새로이 생성되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.515-520
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• 2007

Vaginal lactic acid-producing bacteria of 80 pre-menopausal women were studied by isolation on Blood and DeMan-Rogosa-Sharpe agar, PCR with group-specific primers for Lactobacillus-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and PCR with specific primers for V3 region in 16S rRNA-temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (TTGE). Conventional isolation method on media detected only one lactobacillus (Lactobacillus brevis) while TTGE detected only Lactobacillus sp. DGGE detected seven Lactobacillus species; L. coleohominis, L. crispatus, L. iners, L. reuteri, L. rhamnosus, L. vaginalis, and Leuconostoc lactis. L. acidophilus and L. gasseri, which are prevalent in Western women, were not detected in Korean women. Furthermore, L. rhamnosus, Leuc. lactis, L. coleohominis, and Weissella cibaria, which were not previously reported in the vaginal microbiota of Korean women, were detected. The five most prevalent LABs in vaginal microbiota in Korean women were L. iners, Enterococcus faecalis, L. crispatus, Leuc. lactis, and W. cibaria.

• 공업화학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.423-427
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 코크스공장의 Coke Oven Gas (COG) 정제 과정에서 발생되는 폐수의 특성을 규명하고 폐수를 안정적으로 처리하기 위한 최적 운전조건을 도출하였다. 코크스 제조공장에서 발생되는 폐수 중에는 미생물에 유해한 $S^{-2}$, $SCN^-$이 각각 6.8~11.2 mg/L, 190~320 mg/L로 높은 농도로 함유되어 있다. $S^{-2}$ 이온농도가 10 mg/L 이하인 경우 활성슬러지의 $SV_{30}$값이 280~340 mL로 슬러지 침강성이 양호했지만 $S^{-2}$ 이온농도가 15 mg/L 이상에서는 $SV_{30}$가 560~680 mL로 슬러지 침강성이 악화되었다. 또한 $SCN^-$ 이온의 경우는 $SCN^-$ 이온의 농도가 300 mg/L 이하인 경우 $SV_{30}$값이 245~320 mL로 슬러지 침강성이 양호했지만, $SCN^-$ 이온농도가 400 mg/L 이상에서는 $SV_{30}$ 값이 470~567 mL로 슬러지 침강성이 악화되었다. 따라서 코크스공장 가스 정제공정에서 발생되는 폐수를 효율적이고 안정적으로 처리하고 미생물활성을 양호하게 유지하기 위해서는 폐수처리설비의 유입원수 중 $S^{-2}$와 $SCN^-$ 이온농도를 각각 15 mg/L, 400 mg/L 이하로 유지해주어야 바람직하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제22권
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• pp.71-106
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• 2004

Todays, L/C transactions in international trade are governed by UCP 500 and eUCP. But UCP 500 and eUCP do not cover all legal problem of L/C transactions. Therefore choice of laws in international L/C transactions are occurred. U.S.A. has an enacted law (UCC ${\S}5-Letter$ of Credit) to govern L/C transaction. But other countries has no special enacted law to govern L/C transaction. The reason is that there are difference between legal attitude of U.S.A. and other countries. American law considers L/C as a special device made by merchants. Therefore U.S.A. applies UCC ${\S}5-Letter$ of Credit instead of general contract law. UCC ${\S}5-Letter$ of Credit includes provisions of warranties, remedies, and so on that UCP 500 and eUCP do not include. But the liabilities of the Issuing Bank on the wrongful dishonor in L/C transaction is very important legal problem. First, this study is to justify concepts of honor and dishonor, and sufficient conditions for dishonor of the issuing bank. in UCC. Second, this study is to examine closely the liabilities of the Issuing Bank on the wrongful dishonor in L/C transaction. Third, this study is suggest distinctive features on the Liabilities to wrongful dishonor of the issuing bank in UCC ${\S}5-Letter$ of Credit and our trader's matters to be attended to L/C transactions governed by UCC.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.92-95
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• 1983

The addition products of glutathione to ${\beta}$ -nitrostyrene derivatives were synthesized. ${\beta}$ -Nitrostyrene (1a), p-methyl-${\beta}$-nitrostyrene (1b), 3,4,5-trimethoxy-${\beta}$-nitrostyrene (1c), o-, m- and p-chloro-${\beta}$-nitrostyrene (1e, 1f, 1g) and o-, m- and p-methoxy-${\beta}$-nitrostyrene (1h, 1i, 1j) undergo addition reactions with glutathione to form S-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)-L-glutathione (5a), S-[2-nitro-1-(p-methyl)phenylethyl]-L-glutatione (5b), S-[2-nitro-1-(3', 4', 5'-trimethoxy)phenylethyl]-L-glutathione (5c), S-[2-nitro-1-(o-chloro)phenylethyl]-L-glutathione (5e), S-[2-nitro-1-(m-choro)phenylethyl]-L-glutathione (5f), S-[2-nitro-1-(p-chloro)phenylethyl]-L-glutathione (5g), S-[2-nitro-x-(o-methoxy)-phenylethyl]-L-glutathion e(5h), S-[2-nitro-x-(m-methoxy)phenylethyl]-L-glutathion e (5i), and S-[2-nitro-1-(p-methoxy)phenylethy])-L-glutathione (5j), respectively. The structure of adducts were identified by UV and IR-spectra, molecular weight measurement, and elemental analysis.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.273-286
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• 2023

In this paper we show that if T ∈ L(X) and S ∈ L(X) is a Riesz operator commuting with T and X_S(F) ∈ Lat(S), where F = {0} or F ⊆ ℂ ⧵ {0} is closed then T|X_S(F) and T|X_T(F) + S|X_S(F) share the local spectral properties such as SVEP, Dunford's property (C), Bishop's property (𝛽), decomopsition property (𝛿) and decomposability. As a corollary, if T ∈ L(X) and Q ∈ L(X) is a quasinilpotent operator commuting with T then T is Riesz if and only if T + Q is Riesz. We also study some spectral properties of Riesz operators acting on Banach spaces. We show that if T, S ∈ L(X) such that TS = ST, and Y ∈ Lat(S) is a hyperinvarinat subspace of X for which 𝜎(S|Y ) = {0} then 𝜎_*(T|Y + S|Y ) = 𝜎_*(T|Y ) for 𝜎_* ∈ {𝜎, 𝜎_loc, 𝜎_sur, 𝜎_ap}. Finally, we show that if T ∈ L(X) and S ∈ L(Y ) on the Banach spaces X and Y and T is similar to S then T is Riesz if and only if S is Riesz.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.187-194
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• 1996

어류 종묘생산시 중요한 먹이생물로 사용되는 한국산 rotifer를 순수 분리하기 위하여 염전, 기수호, 하구 및 어류 양식장을 중심으로 채집하였다. 해수산 rotifer, B. plicatilis는 13 지역에서 L-type rotifer 2 strains과 S-type rotifer 14 strains을 순수 분리하였다. 담수산 rotifer, B. calyciflorus는 4곳의 양식장에서 4 strains을 순수 분리하였다. 순수 분리된 해수산 rotifer, B. plicatilis. L-type과 S-type rotifer strain의 피갑장과 내구란 장경의 분포는 각각 $244.3\~255.3\;{\mu}m,\;142.4\~145.5\;{\mu}m$와 $131.0\~165.8\;{\mu}m,\;93.7\~116.4\;{\mu}m$로 나타났다. 또 담수산 rotifer, B. calyciflorus strains의 피갑장과 내구란 장경의 분포는 각각 $211.8\~229.9\;{mu}m$와 $126.8\~140.2\;{\mu}m$로 나타났다. B. plicatilis는 성장과 내구란 생산이 매우 다양하게 나타났다. L-type과 S-type의 rotifer의 최고 밀도는 각각 O-L이 200개체/ml였고, H-S가 753.3개체/ml로 가장 높게 나타났다. 생산된 내구란은 S-type에서는 YY-S가 86.7개/ml로 가장 높았고, L-type에서는 O-L이 45.8개/ml로 높았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.412-419
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• 2004

다슬기 분말과 그 회분으로 제조한 젖산칼슘인 CaL-P와-A의 두부 응고제로의 이용성을 검토하기 위하여 염화칼슘(CC), 염화마그네슘(MC), 황산칼슘(CS) 및 표준품 젖산칼슘(CaL-S)과의 응고력, 수율, 색상, 텍스쳐, 칼슘함량, 미세구조 및 관능적 특성을 상호 비교하였으며 저장중의 총균수와 침지액의 탁도변화를 살펴보았다. 응고력은 CaL-A가 가장 우수하였으며 CaL-P의 경우도 CaL-S보다 높았다. CaL-A두부의 수율은 CC두부의 110%로 CS와 대등하였으나 CaL-P두부의 수율은 CC의 50% 수준으로 낮았다. 응고제에 따른 두부의 색상은뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 CaL-P 두부는 L＊값이 낮은 반면 a＊, b＊값이 높았다. 두부의 견고성 은 CaL-S>CS>CC)CaL-P>MC)CaL-A순, 응집성은 MC>CaL-S>CC>CS)CaL-P>CaL-A 순을 나타내었으며, 탄력성은 MC가 가장 높았다. 두부의 칼슘함량은 116.12∼204.48mg/100 g이었으나 MC 두부는 57.1 mg으로 낮았다. 두부의 미세구조는 견고도가 낮고 부드러울수록 입자가 작고 균일하였는데 CaL-A와 MC 두부가 대 체적으로 작고 균일하였으며 CaL-P는 CC와 같이 불규칙하였다. CaL-P와 CaL-A 두부는 타 두부에 비하여 질감, 탄력성, 풍미가 좋고 종합적인 맛이 우수하였으며 CaL-A의 경우는 견고성이 낮아 부드러운 맛이 높았다. 총 균수로 평가한 1$0^{\circ}C$에서의 shelf-life는 타 응고제를 사용한 경우 4∼6일을 나타내었으나 CaL-P는 8일로 연장되었다. 탁도도 CaL-P의 경우가 가장 낮았다. 이상의 결과 CaL-P와-A는 두부의 품질을 높일 수 있음과 동시에 체내 흡수력이 높은 칼슘을 공급할 수 있어 산업적으로 많이 사용하고 있는 칼슘의 체내 이용율이 낮은 CS를 대체할 수 있는 두부 응고제로 바람직한 것으로 평가되었다.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2008

Objectives : One of the most important cause of spondylolisthesis is it's epidemiological structure and L5's stability takes a significant role. The purpose of this study is to assess the difference of the Tuffier's line among of Spondylolythesis patients. Methods : We analyzed the Anterior view of lumbar spine checked at erect position on 60 patients who had been diagnosed as spondylolythesis. We investigated the Tuffier's Line on X-ray film. Results and Conclusions : Age distribution was 15 to 66 and the average was 47.81. Men were 19 cases(31.6%) and women were 41 cases(68.4%). Compared to men, women were more exposed to spondylolisthesis and for the age distribution, 50's showed the biggest portion. Group of normal people showed proportion of 14.3% at L4, 44% at L4/5 and 41.7% at L5 each. And group of patients showed proportion of 48.4% at L4, 35% at L4/5 and 51.6% at L5 each. Comparing these results, significance probability was 0.004(<0.05) which was significant. As the results of comparing the relation between L4/5 and L5/S1 patients, Normal group showed average of 3.33 which were close to L4/5. When there are spondylolisthesis at L4/5, averege was 3.33, placed at lower part of the vertebra body. When there are spondylolisthesis at L5/S1, averege was 3.566, placed between lower part of the veterbra body of L4 and L4/5. The p value of Normal group and L4/5 spondylolisthesis patient group was 0.022(p<0.05) which was significant. But the p value of Normal group and L5/S1 spondylolisthesis patient group was 0.0239 which was not significant. Also p value of L4/5 spcndylolisthesis patient group and L5/S1 spondylolisthesis patient group was 0.721 which was also not significant.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2016년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.27-27
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• 2016

The ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum is the most common pathogen of Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease for major cereal crops worldwide. FHB causes significant crop losses by reducing grain yield and quality as well as contaminating cereals with trichothecenes and zearalenone (ZEA) that pose a serious threat to animal health and food safety. ZEA is a causative agent of hyperestrogenic syndrome in mammals and can result in reproductive disorders in farm animals. In F. graminearum, the ZEA biosynthetic cluster is composed of four genes, PKS4, PKS13, ZEB1, and ZEB2, which encode a reducing polyketide synthase, a nonreducing polyketide synthase, an isoamyl alcohol oxidase, and a transcription factor, respectively. Although it is known that ZEB2 primarily acts as a regulator of ZEA biosynthetic cluster genes, the mechanism underlying this regulation remains undetermined. In this study, two isoforms (ZEB2L and ZEB2S) from the ZEB2 gene in F. graminearum were characterized. It was revealed that ZEB2L contains a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) DNA-binding domain at the N-terminus, whereas ZEB2S is an N-terminally truncated form of ZEB2L that lacks the bZIP domain. Interestingly, ZEA triggered the induction of both ZEB2L and ZEB2S transcription. In ZEA producing condition, the expression of ZEB2S transcripts via alternative promoter usage was directly or indirectly initiated by ZEA. Physical interaction between ZEB2L and ZEB2L as well as between ZEB2L and ZEB2S was observed in the nucleus. The ZEB2S-ZEB2S interaction was detected in both the cytosol and the nucleus. ZEB2L-ZEB2L oligomers activated ZEA biosynthetic cluster genes, including ZEB2L. ZEB2S inhibited ZEB2L transcription by forming ZEB2L-ZEB2S heterodimers, which reduced the DNA-binding activity of ZEB2L. This study provides insight into the autoregulation of ZEB2 expression by alternative promoter usage and a feedback loop during ZEA production.