• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 2023

This study was conducted in an indoor cultivation room and chamber where environmental control is possible to investigate the effect of temperature and irrigation interval on photosynthesis, growth and growth analysis of potted seedling cucumber. The light intensity (70 W·m^-2) and humidity (65%) were set to be the same. The experimental treatments were six combinations of three different temperatures, 15/10℃, 25/20℃, and 35/25℃, and two irrigation intervals, 100 mL per day (S) and 200 mL every 2 days (L). The treatments were named 15S, 15L, 25S, 25L, 35S, and 35L. Seedlings at 0.5 cm in height were planted in pots (volume:1 L) filled with sandy loam and treated for 21 days. Photosynthesis, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance at 14 days after treatment were highest in 25S. These were higher in S treatments with a shorter irrigation interval than L treatments. Total amount of irrigation water was supplied evenly at 2 L, but the soil moisture content was highest at 15S and lowest at 25S > 15L > 25L, 35S and 35L in that order. Humidity showed a similar trend at 15/10℃ (61.1%) and 25/20℃ (67.2%), but it was as high at 35/25℃ (80.5%). Cucumber growth (plant height, leaf length, leaf width, chlorophyll content, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight) on day 21 was the highest in 25S. Growth parameters were higher in S with shorter irrigation intervals. Yellow symptom of leaf was occurred in 89.9% at 35S and 35L, where the temperature was high. Relative growth rate (RGR) and specific leaf weight (SLA) were high at 25/20℃ (25S, 25L), RGR tended to be high in the S treatment, and SLA in the L treatment. Water use efficiency (WUE) was high in the order of 25S, 25L > 15S > 15L, 35S, and 35L. As a result of the above, the growth and WUE were high at the temperature of 25/20℃.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1816-1821
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• 2003

Reliable PCR based identification of lactobacilli has been described utilizing the sequence of 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region. Those sequence comparisons showed a high degree of difference in homology among the strains of L. rhamnosus, L. casei, L. acidophilus and L. helveticus whose 16S-23S rRNA intergenic small SR's sizes were 222 bp, 222 bp, 206 bp and 216 bp respectively. The sequence of 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region of L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 revealed the close relatedness to those of L. casei strains by the homology ranges from 95.4% to 97.2%. 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region nucleotide sequence of L. acidophilus showed some distant relatedness with L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 with the homology ranges from 40.3% to 41.8% and that with L. helveticus was shown to be 30% of homology, which exists at the most distant phylogenetic relatedness. The identification of species and strain of lactobacilli was possible on the basis of these results. The common sequences among the 17 strains were CTAAGGAA located in the initiating position of the DNA and some discrepancies were found between the same strains based on these results.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.410-415
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• 1998

Procine pepsin hydrolysis of hexapeptide L-S-pNF-Nle-A-OMe in the presence of dipeptide L-L generates a new peak on HPLC analysis of reaction mixtures that is not seen when enzyme is incubated with either peptide alone. The peaks can be detected spectroscopically at either 214 or 254 nm, the latter consistent with a new peptide containing the p-nitro-F residue. The data suggest acyl transpeptidation between E(L-S-pNF) and L-L to form L-S-pNF-L-L. Consistent with this inference are (1) the ability of L-L-NH$_{2}$ and inability of Boc-L-L to undergo a similar transpeptidation reaction, and (2) the data from electrospray mass spectrum. This synthesis requires that Nle-A-L-OMe be released before L-S-pNF, an order opposite to that proposed on the basis of product inhibition kinetics. Consistent with this inference are reciprocal solvent isotope effects ; normal isotope effects of 1.736$\pm$0.121 on the formation of Nle-A-L-OMe and 2.281$\pm$0.184 in the formation of L-S-pNF, coupled to an inverse isotope effects of 0.576$\pm$0.045 on the formation of L-S-pNF-L-L. Because transpeptidation precedes faster in D$_{2}$O, the isotopically-sensitive step must occur after release of Nle-A-L-OMe. Isotopically-enhanced transpeptidation is consistent with the Uni-Bi iso memchanism postulated on the basis of an isotope effects on Vmax but not on Vmax/Km$^{1)}$ and confirmed by isotope effects on the onset of inhibition by pepstatin$^{2)}$.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 1991

The mixed convection heat transfer from vertical inline plates has been studied numerically by the finite difference method and experimentally with Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The dimensionless spacing, $s/L_1$, the relative length, $L_2/L_1$ and the dimensionless temperature ratio, ${\Phi}_2/{\Phi}_1$ are varied parametically. The lower plate mean Nusselt numbers show same values as $s/L_1$, ${\Phi}_2/{\Phi}_1$ and $L_2/L_1$ increase. The upper plate mean Nusselt numbers increase as $s/L_1$ and ${\Phi}_2/{\Phi}_1$ increase, but $L_2/L_1$ decreases. The upper plate mean Nusselt number is higher than the lower plate mean Nusselt for $s/L_1$ 1.8 at Re=100, $Gr=10^4$, Pr=0.71, $L_2/L_1=0.5$ and ${\Phi}_2/{\Phi}_1=1.0$. A comparison between the experimental and numerical results show good agreement.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.50-53
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• 1991

The reaction steps involved in the bioconversion of a chemically synthesized precursor, $D,L-2-amino-{\Delta}^2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic$ acid (D,L-ATC), to L-cysteine and the properties of the involved enzymes were investigated. It was found that the conversion consisted of two steps, i. e., D,L-ATC to S-carbamyl-L-cysteine (S-C-L-cysteine) and S-C-L-cysteine to L-cysteine, and the S-C-L-cysteine was an intermediate between them. While the enzymes involved in the reactions were induced by the addition of D,L-ATC as an inducer, S-C-L-cysteine induced only the enzyme involved in the latter step. The conversion of S-C-L-cysteine to L-cysteine could be also carried out in the presence of hydroxylamine and its rate was much faster than that by the corresponding enzyme. On the other hand, L-cysteine (or L-cystine) was decomposed to evolve $H_2S$ by the enzyme considered to be a kind of desulfhydrase. However, hydroxylamine was a perfect inhibitor for this enzyme.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2014

In this paper, we introduce the notion of f-derivations from a semilattice S to a lattice L, as a generalization of derivation and f-derivation of lattices. Also, we define the simple f-derivation from S to L, and research the properties of them and the conditions for a lattice L to be distributive. Finally, we prove that a distributive lattice L is isomorphic to the class $SD_f(S,L)$ of all simple f-derivations on S to L for every ${\wedge}$-homomorphism $f:S{\rightarrow}L$ such that $f(x_0){\vee}f(y_0)=1$ for some $x_0,y_0{\in}S$, in particular, $$L{\simeq_-}=SD_f(S,L)$$ for every ${\wedge}$-homomorphism $f:S{\rightarrow}L$ such that $f(x_0)=1$ for some $x_0{\in}S$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.221-231
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• 1995

Let $Z_1, Z_2, \ldots, Z_l$ be random set functions or intergrals. Then it is possible to discuss their products. In the case of random integrals, $Z_i$ is a random set function indexed y a family, $G_i$ say, of real valued functions g on $S_i$ for which the integrals $Z_i(g) = \smallint gdZ_i$ are well defined. If $g_i = \in g_i (i = 1, 2, \ldots, l) and g_1 \otimes \cdots \otimes g_l$ denotes the tensor product $g(s) = g_1(s_1)g_2(s_2) \cdots g_l(s_l) for s = (s_1, s_2, \ldots, s_l) and s_i \in S_i$, then we can defined $Z(g) = (Z_1 \times Z_2 \times \cdots \times Z_l)(g) = Z_1(g_1)Z_2(g_2) \cdots Z_l(g_l)$.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.17 no.1_2_3
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• pp.779-786
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• 2005

In this paper we shall discuss some properties derived from the characteristic S-automaton $_x(S)_M$, using the fact that ${\mu}_S$ is an equivalence relation on M. When $L_{m}:S{\rightarrow}M$ is a left translation and $L_{M}$ is a collection of $L_{m}'s$, we shall show $_x(S)_{M}{\cong}L_{M}$. If S is commutative, we have $_x(S)_{M{\times}N{\cong}L_{M{\times}N}$. Moreover when M and N are perfect, we have $L_{M{\times}N}{\cong}L_{M}{\times}L_{N}$ and $_x(S)_{M{\times}N}{\cong}_x(S)_{M}{\times}_x(S)_N$.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.15-29
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• 2009

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the correlation between cervical, lumbar lordosis and low back pain(LBP), sex, age and duration of LBP. Methods : Cervical, lumbar lordosis(by Cobb's Method) and Ferguson's angle were measured and evaluated in LBP group and control. Radiograph was taken in lateral direction, erect position. Cobb's angle between C1-C7, C2-C7, L1-L5, L1-S1 and Ferguson's angle were measured and investigated with statistical program. Results: 1. Cervical lordosis have no relation to LBP, sex and age. 2. Lumbar lordosis and Ferguson's angle have no relation to LBP and sex. 3. Cobb's angle L1-L5 have no relation to age. Lumbar lordosis from L1 to S1(Cobb's angle L1-S1) increased in old group(Age>40) compared to young group(Age${\leq}$40). 4. In LBP group, Cobb's angle L1-S1 have no relation to duration of LBP. Lumbar lordosis from L1 to L5(Cobb's angle L1-L5) decreased in acute LBP group compared to Chronic group. Conclusions : Cervical, lumbar lordosis and Ferguson's angle have no relation to LBP and sex. As far as age is concerned, old group have larger lumbosacral lordosis than young group. Acute LBP group have smaller lumbar lordosis(Cobb's angle L1-L5) than chronic group.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.1007-1025
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• 2015

Let $\mathbb{N}_0$ be the set of non-negative integers, and let P(n, l) denote the set of all weak compositions of n with l parts, i.e., $P(n,l)=\{(x_1,x_2,{\cdots},x_l){\in}\mathbb{N}^l_0\;:\;x_1+x_2+{\cdots}+x_l=n\}$. For any element $u=(u_1,u_2,{\cdots},u_l){\in}P(n,l)$, denote its ith-coordinate by u(i), i.e., $u(i)=u_i$. A family $A{\subseteq}P(n,l)$ is said to be t-intersecting if ${\mid}\{i:u(i)=v(i)\}{\mid}{\geq}t$ for all $u,v{\epsilon}A$. A family $A{\subseteq}P(n,l)$ is said to be trivially t-intersecting if there is a t-set T of $[l]=\{1,2,{\cdots},l\}$ and elements $y_s{\in}\mathbb{N}_0(s{\in}T)$ such that $A=\{u{\in}P(n,l):u(j)=yj\;for\;all\;j{\in}T\}$. We prove that given any positive integers l, t with $l{\geq}2t+3$, there exists a constant $n_0(l,t)$ depending only on l and t, such that for all $n{\geq}n_0(l,t)$, if $A{\subseteq}P(n,l)$ is non-trivially t-intersecting, then $${\mid}A{\mid}{\leq}(^{n+l-t-l}_{l-t-1})-(^{n-1}_{l-t-1})+t$$. Moreover, equality holds if and only if there is a t-set T of [l] such that $$A=\bigcup_{s{\in}[l]{\backslash}T}\;A_s{\cup}\{q_i:i{\in}T\}$$, where $$A_s=\{u{\in}P(n,l):u(j)=0\;for\;all\;j{\in}T\;and\;u(s)=0\}$$ and $$q_i{\in}P(n,l)\;with\;q_i(j)=0\;fo\;all\;j{\in}[l]{\backslash}\{i\}\;and\;q_i(i)=n$$.