• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2002

A mutation in the promoter region of uncoupling protein 3 (UCF3), specifically the -55C longrightarrow T transition, may influence an individual's energy metabolism and body weight. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a weight reduction program on endocrine functions and body fat distribution, related to UCP3 promoter genotype. Ninety overweight pre-menopausal female subjects participated in the weight reduction program at Yonsei University Hospital, and were placed on a calorie-restricted diet (300 kcal less than their daily requirements) for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, all subjects on the program lost approximately 5% of their initial body weights and had lower Body Mass Index (BMI) values. Among the 90 women, 56 had a normal (without mutation) UCP3 genotype, while 34 women had mutations in the promoter region of UCP3. Despite similar weight reductions in both groups, a significantly higher decrease in abdominal adipose tissue was observed in the normal UCP3 genotype group, compared to the group with mutations. In particular, there was a significant reduction of fat at the lumbar 1 (Ll) level in the without-mutation group. Serum levels of total cholesterol, apolipoprotein Al were significantly decreased in the without-mutation group, by 4.4% and 5.7% respectively. Serum levels of hormones were not significantly changed in both groups artier the intervention. However, in the group without the mutations, the leptin level significantly reduced by 23.4% (p<0.001). Serum free fatty acid (FFA) concentration was significantly increased in the group with mutation following the weight reduction program. On the other hand, FFA responses were shown similar increases in both groups. In conclusion, although no difference was found in the magnitude of weight reduction in both groups, there were significant differences in body fat distribution and in endocrine function between the groups.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.392-398
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to assess improvements caused by silk sericin extract in blood glucose and lipid concentrations in the sera of streptozotocin(STZ, 55 mg/kg B.W., I.P. injection)-induced diabetic rats fed on experimental diets for 5 weeks. Serum concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, triglyceride(TG) and phospholipids(PL) were remarkably higher in the diabetic group(group BSW) and STZ(I.P.)-plus-silk sericin extract group(group ESS) than in the control group(group CG, basal diet-plus-water). However, the serum concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, TG and PL were lower in the ESS group than in the BSW group, whereas the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration in the ESS group were higher than in the BSW group. The activities of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and aminotransferase(AST, ALT) in serum were lower in the ESS group than in the diabetic BSW group. The results shown above suggested that silk sericin extract effectively improves blood glucose and lipid concentrations in the sera of STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1559-1565
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• 2005

The Purpose of this study was to investigate college students' attitude toward body weight control, health-related lifestyle and dietary behavior by their perception on body image and obesity index. The subjects were 871 nation- wide college students (330 male and 541 female students) participating in a nutritional education program via internet- A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire via internet. The data were analyzed by a SPSS 10.0 program. Height and weight (p < 0.05), and the distribution of obesity index (p < 0.001) showed significant differences between male and female college students. As for self perception on body image, the necessity of body weight control and the experience of efforts to change the body weight, there were significant differences between male and female college students (p < 0.001). There were significant differences among groups by obesity index in the hours of exercise (p < 0.01), drinking (p < 0.01) and smoking (P < 0.001). As for methods of body weight control, all the groups by obesity index thought that program of body weight control by diet company is the most desirable method. Therefore, we must recognize that it is hard to correct health problems resulting from wrong lifestyle and dietary behavior fixed during college life and prepare a system for college students to obtain correct lifestyle and dietary behavior.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the diversity of the Butyrivibrio group bacteria in goat rumen and its response to garlic oil (GO) supplementation as revealed by molecular analysis of cloned 16S rRNA genes. Six wethers fitted with ruminal fistulas were assigned to two groups for a cross-over design with 28-d experimental period and 14-d interval. Goats were fed a basal diet without (control) or with GO ruminal infusion (0.8 g/d). Ruminal contents were used for DNA extraction collected before morning feeding on d 28. A total bacterial clone library was firstly constructed by nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene cloned sequences using universal primers. The resulting plasmids selected by Butyrivibrio-specific primers were used to construct a Butyrivibrio group-specific bacterial clone library. Butyrivibrio group represented 12.98% and 10.95% of total bacteria in control and GO group, respectively. In libraries, clones were classified to the genus Pseudobutyrivibrio, Butyrivibrio and others within the family Lachnospiraceae. Additionally, some specific clones were observed in GO group, being classified to the genus Ruminococcus and others within the family Ruminococcaceae. Based on the criterion that the similarity was 97% or greater with database sequences, there were 29.73% and 18.42% of clones identified as known isolates (i.e. B. proteoclasticus and Ps. ruminis) in control and GO groups, respectively. Further clones identified as B. fibrisolvens (5.41%) and R. flavefaciens (7.89%) were specifically found in control and GO groups, respectively. The majority of clones resembled Ps. ruminis (98% to 99% similarity), except for Lachnospiraceae bacteria (87% to 92% similarity) in the two libraries. The two clone libraries also appeared different in Shannon diversity index (control 2.47 and GO group 2.91). Our results indicated that the Butyrivibrio group bacteria had a complex community with considerable unknown species in the goat rumen.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2013

Arsenic (As) is a well-known human carcinogen and its dietary exposure has been found to be the major route of entry into general population. This study was performed to assess the body levels of As and their associated factors in Korean adults by analyzing total As in urine. Urine and blood samples were collected from 580 adults aged 20 years and older, who had not been exposed to As occupationally. Demographic information was collected with the help of a standard questionnaire, including age, smoking, alcohol intake, job profiles, and diet consumed in the last 24 hrs of the study. Total As, sum of As(III), As(V), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), in urine was determined using atomic absorption spectrometer involving hydride generation method. The geometric mean concentration of total As in urine was $7.10{\mu}g/L$. Urine As was significantly higher in men ($7.63{\mu}g/L$) than in women ($6.75{\mu}g/L$). Age, smoking, alcohol consumption, and job profiles of study subjects did not significantly affect the concentration of As in urine. No significant relationship was observed between body mass index (BMI), Fe, and total cholesterol in serum and urinary As. Urine As level was positively correlated with seaweeds, fishes & shellfishes, and grain intake. A negative correlation between urinary As level and HDL-cholesterol in serum and meat intake was observed. Overall, these results suggest that urinary As concentration could be affected by seafood consumption. Therefore, people who frequently consume seafood and grain need to be monitored for chronic dietary As exposure.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2003

The purpose of the study was to investigate attitude about self-weight reduction and dietary intakes by body mass index (BMI) of university students. The subjects were Korean university students (male: 1,024, female： 1,575) who were participating in a nutritional education class via the internet. This survey was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included items about demographic characteristics, nutrient intakes, health-related lifestyles, dietary behaviors, body images and diet experiences. As for prevalence of obesity, 3.2％ of male subjects were underweight, 64.2％ were normal weight, 20.8％ were overweight, and 11.8％ were obese. In female subjects, 25.8％ were underweight, 67.1 ％ were normal weight, 5.3％ were overweight, and 1.7％ were obese. Distribution of obesity by BMI was significantly different between male and female subjects. There was a significant difference in perceptions of body weight between male and female subjects. The female subjects were more likely to perceive themselves as overweight. As for weight reduction, the higher BMI was, the more weight reduction was tried in both male and female subjects. As for average daily intakes for energy and 11 nutrients, most nutrient intakes were not significantly different by distribution of BMI. However, obese subgroup showed the lowest nutrient intakes compared to other subgroups. As BMI increased, mean adequacy ratio (MAR) significantly decreased. Therefore, nutritional education via the internet is necessary for university students to establish physically and mentally optimal health condition through nutritional intervention.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.443-448
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium-potassium ratio on insulin resistance and sensitivity in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects were 3,722 adults (1,632 men and 2,090 women) aged 40-69 years participating in the Korean genome and epidemiology study_Ansan and Ansung study. Insulin resistance was assessed using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HoMA-IR) and fasting insulin, and insulin sensitivity was assessed by using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). The 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion were estimated from spot urinary samples using the Tanaka formula. The generalized linear model was applied to determine the association between urinary sodium-potassium ratio and insulin resistance. RESULTS: HoMA-IR (P-value = 0.029, P-trend = 0.008) and fasting insulin (P-value = 0.017, P-trend = 0.005) levels were positively associated with 24-h estimated urinary sodium-potassium ratio in the multivariable model. QUICKI was inversely associated with 24-h estimated urinary sodium-potassium ratio in all models (P-value = 0.0002, P-trend < 0.0001 in the multivariate model). CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that high sodium-potassium ratio is related to high insulin resistance and low insulin sensitivity. Decreasing sodium intake and increasing potassium intake are important for maintaining insulin sensitivity. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings in longitudinal studies.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence rate, and related factors,of fatty liver in male industrial workers. Method: Fatty liver was diagnosed using ultrasonography. The data for abdominal ultrasonography, BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking, exercise, liver enzymes, and lipid profiles were collected in 4,604 male who were examined with a health screening program in 2005. Prevalence rate and associated factors of fatty liver were analyzed using SPSS v. 12.0. Results: Overall prevalence of fatty liver was 34.1% and higher in the 30-39 year male group. Age, body mass index(BMI), hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, HDL cholesterol, r-GTP level were independently associated factors with presence of fatty liver in logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: The prevalence of fatty liver and tendency of associated factors were similar to those in the western world. To prevent development of this hepatic disorder, which may result in end-stage liver disease, risk factors such as obesity and dyslipidemia must be monitored and controlled within normal levels. The results of this study suggested maintenance of a healthy lifestyle, including diet, exercise, and behavioral change, as fundamental rehabilitation nursing implications.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1182-1187
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• 2003

Two experiments involving 92 crossbred, 21 day old weaned pigs were used to evaluate the effect of glutamine supplement in a dietary or culture medium on lymphocyte proliferation. In Exp. 1, 88 pigs were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5% glutamine for 28 days. Lymphocytes were prepared from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), ileal Peyer's patches (PP), the mesenteric lymph node (MLN), and the spleen in each dietary supplement group on days 7, 14, or 28 postweaning. Lymphocytes were cultured at $37^{\circ}C$ for 72 h in a RPMI-1640 medium with or without mitogen-stimulated, and pulsed with 3Hthymidine for an additional 18 h. The stimulation index of PBMC proliferation in 1.0% dietary glutamine supplement group and both of the MLN and splenocytes proliferation in 1.5% dietary glutamine supplement group was significantly (p<0.05) increased at 14 days postweaning. In Exp. 2, four weaned pigs were fed a basal diet for 14 days. The 3H-thymidine incorporation of PBMC, PP, and MLN cells, incubated with 0.125 to 0.25 mM glutamine in culture medium were markedly enhanced with Con A-stimulated, however, the splenocyte proliferation was not affected in the addition of glutamine medium. These observations suggest that dietary glutamine supplement might enhance the lymphocyte proliferation of weaned pigs.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the this study was to examine the dietary knowledge and educational needs of stroke patients and analyze the related factors that are associated with dietary knowledge and educational needs. Methods: Our study analyzed data from 146 stroke patients. The survey was conducted by individual interviews using questionnaires and data collected from participants' medical records. Dietary knowledge and educational needs were measured by tools developed by the author. Results: The mean scores for the dietary knowledge and educational needs were 19.09±3.48 and 36.17±7.18, respectively. Many stroke patients had misconceptions about soy sauce, cholesterol, and fruits. The most needed items in dietary education was first identifying foods that are beneficial or harmful, and second, food interaction with medications. As for the results of multiple regressions, dietary knowledge was significantly associated with gender, educational attainment, monthly income, exercise, body mass index, and level of compliance to dietary therapy. Additionally, the educational needs were significantly related with educational attainment and employment. Conclusion: For secondary prevention of stroke patients, education strategy considering dietary knowledge and educational needs of stroke patients should be established. Special attention is needed for stroke patients with a lower level of dietary knowledge and educational needs.