• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.213-219
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• 1994

The formations of spinel and colors of ZnO-Fe2O3-TiO2-SnO2 system have been researched on the basis of ZnO-Fe2O3 system. Specimens were prepared by substituting Fe3+, with Ti4+ or Sn4+ when mole ratios between Fe3+ and Ti4+ or between Fe3+ and Sn4+ were 0.2 mole. The reflectance measurement and X-ray diffraction analysis of the formation of spinel and the colors of there specimens were carried out. ZnO-Fe2O3 system in which Fe2O3 was substituted with SnO2 and TiO2 was formed the spinel structure of 2ZnO.TiO2, 2ZnO.SnO2, ZnO.Fe2O3. The stable stains which were colored with yellow and brown could be manufactured.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2015

이 연구에서는 X-선 광전자분광법(X-ray photoemission spectroscopy: XPS)을 이용하여 염료감응 태양전지의 전극용 후보 물질에 속하는 $ZnSnO_3$와 $Zn_2SnO_4$의 전자 구조를 연구하였다. 제조된 시료들에 대한 X-선 회절 측정에 의하면 $ZnSnO_3$와 $Zn_2SnO_4$ 시료는 각각 단일상의 ilmenite(IL) 구조와 역스피넬(inverse spinel) 구조를 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. Zn 2p와 Sn 3d 내각준위 XPS 측정으로부터 $ZnSnO_3$와 $Zn_2SnO_4$ 두 시료 모두에서 Zn 이온은 2가 (Zn 2+) 상태이며, Sn 이온은 4가 (Sn 4+) 상태임을 알 수 있었다. 한편 얕은 내각준위 XPS 스펙트럼의 측정에서는 $ZnSnO_3$의 Sn 4d와 Zn 3d 내각 준위들의 결합에너지가 $Zn_2SnO_4$에서 보다 다소 작게 관찰되었다. 이 연구로부터 $ZnSnO_3$와 $Zn_2SnO_4$에서의 각 이온의 원자가 상태와 화학적 결합 상태에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2002

CO 기체 감지 특성을 향상시키기 위해서 3 mol% ZnO를 첨가한 $SnO_2$와 3mol% $SnO_2$를 첨가한 ZnO의 적층 형태를 변화시켜 연구하였다. 적층 구조는 단일층, 복층, 그리고 이종층 구조로 후막 인쇄법을 사용하여 제작하였다. $SnO_2$-ZnO계에서 제 2상은 발견되지 않았다. 전도성은 $SnO_2$에 ZnO를 첨가하면 감소하고, ZnO에 $SnO_2$를 첨가하면 증가하였다. 측정 온도증가와 CO 기체 유입으로 전도성은 증가하였다. 단층 및 복층의 후막센서 구조의 감도 향상은 없었으나, $SnO_2$ 3ZnO-ZnO $3SnO_2$/substrate 구조의 이종층 센서의 감도는 향상되었다. 센서 구조에 관계없이 I-V 변화는 모두 직선성을 나타내서 Ohmic 접합 특성을 이루고 있었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 1977

For the purpose researching to the influence of tetrahedral and octahedral preference of cations of $Ni^{2+}$, $Ti^{4+}$ upon the formation and the color development of the $ZnO-SnO_2$ spinel containing $Ni^{2+}$ and $Ti^{4+}$ ions, the gradual substitution of $Ni^{2+}$ ions for $Zn^{2+}$ ions and of $Ti^{4+}$ ions for $Sn^{4+}$ ions of the spinel in NiO-ZnO-$SnO_2$-$TiO_2$ system was carried out. On samples prepared by calcining the oxide and basic cabonate mixtures at $1300^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours, the X-ray analysis, measurement of reflectance and the test of their stabilaity as a glaze pigment were also carried out. The results are summarized as follows 1) Single spinel was formed completely to x=1 in the $xNiO\cdot(2-x)ZnO\cdot{SnO}_2$system, and gave brilliant lightgreen hue. Moreover, $NiO\cdot{ZnO}\cdot{SnO}_2$ formed easily spinel than $NiO\cdot{MgO}\cdot{SnO}_2$ because Zn^{2+}$ ions had more strong tetrahedral preference than $Mg^{2+}$ ions. 2) As the gradual substitution of $Ti^{4+}$ ions for $Sn^{4+}$ ions in $NiO\cdot{MgO}\cdot{SnO}_2$ system, the spinels formed well and was nearly not changed in the hue. 3) The results of glaze test. (1) As the gradual substitution of $Ni^{2+}$ ions for $Zn^{2+}$ ions, the color changed from dull white to graish broun gradually in calcium-zinc glaze and calcium glaze, and from white to beige in tile glaze. (2) As the gradual substitution of $Ti^{4+}$ ions for $Sn^{4+}$ ions in $NiO-ZnO-SnO_2-TiO_2$ system, the color was become dull generally and was not change in tile glaze.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.173-187
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• 2021

In the present research, a simple electrochemical sensor based on a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with ZnO-Zn₂SnO₄-SnO₂ and graphene (ZnO-Zn₂SnO₄-SnO₂/Gr/CPE) was developed for the direct, simultaneous and individual electrochemical measurement of Acetaminophen (AC), Caffeine (Caf) and Ascorbic acid (AA). The synthesized nano-materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were applied for electrochemical investigation ZnO-Zn₂SnO₄-SnO₂/Gr/CPE, and the impact of scan rate and the concentration of H⁺ on the electrode's responses were investigated. The voltammograms showed a linear relationship between the response of the electrode for individual oxidation of AA, AC and, Caf in the range of 0.021-120, 0.018-85.3, and 0.02-97.51 μM with the detection limit of 8.94, 6.66 and 7.09 nM (S/N = 3), respectively. Also, the amperometric technique was applied for the measuring of the target molecules in the range of 0.013-16, 0.008-12 and, 0.01-14 μM for AA, AC and, Caf with the detection limit of 6.28, 3.64 and 3.85 nM, respectively. Besides, the ZnO-Zn₂SnO₄-SnO₂/Gr/CPE shows an excellent selectivity, stability, repeatability, and reproducibility for the determination of AA, AC and, Caf. Finally, the proposed sensor was successfully used to show the amount of AA, AC and, Caf in urine, blood serum samples with recoveries ranging between 95.8% and 104.06%.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.305-314
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• 1991

This study was conducted to research the formation and the color development of NiO-ZnO-Fe2O3-TiO2-SnO2 system for the purpose of synthesizing the spinel pigments which are stable at high temperature. After preparing ZnO-Fe2O3 as a basic composition, {{{{ chi }}NiO.(l-{{{{ chi }})ZnO.Fe2O3 system, {{{{ chi }}NiO.(l-{{{{ chi }})ZnO.TiO2 system, and {{{{ chi }}NiO.(l-{{{{ chi }})ZnO.SnO2 system were prepared with {{{{ chi }}=0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 1 mole ratio respectively. The manufacturing was carried out at 128$0^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. The reflectance measurement and the X-ray analysis of these specimens were carried out and the results were summarized as follows. 1. In the specimens which included NiO, it was difficult for the spinel structure to be formed. 2. As increasing the contents of NiO and Fe2O3, all the groups which were yellow or green colored changed to brown. 3. NiO-ZnO-Fe2O3 system and NiO-ZnO-TiO2 system formed the spinel structure and the illmenite structure appeared in NiO-TiO2 system.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.897-907
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• 1991

This study was conducted to research the formation and the color development of CoO-ZnO-Fe2O3-TiO2-SnO2 system for the purpose of synthesizing the spinel pigments which are stable at high temperature. After preparing CoO-ZnO-Fe2O3, in which CoO causes the color, as a basic composition, $\chi$CoO.(1-$\chi$)ZnO.Fe2O3 system, $\chi$CoO.(1-$\chi$)ZnO.TiO2 system and $\chi$CoO.(1-$\chi$)ZnO.SnO2 system were prepared with $\chi$=0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 mole ratio respectively. The manufacturing was carried out at 128$0^{\circ}C$ for 90 minutes. These specimens were analyzed by the reflectance measurement and the X-ray diffraction analysis and the results were summarized as follows: 1. All of the specimens formed the spinel structure and were colored with stable yellow or blue. 2. As the content of CoO and Fe2O3 in the specimens being increased, the reflectance of each specimen was measured becoming lower and the colors were changed from yellow to greyish blue and from blue to dark blue. 3. As the substituting amount of Co2+ ion for Zn2+ ion in $\chi$CoO-ZnO-TiO2-SnO2 system being increased, the colors were changed from blue to greyish blue. The colors were changed from yellow to grayish green owing to the tetrahedral Co2+ ions being increased, the octahedral Co2+ ions being decreased with increasing the amount of Sn4+ ions. 4. CoO-ZnO-Fe2O3-TiO2-SnO2 system, in which Zn2+ was substituted with Co2+ and Fe3+ was substituted with Ti4+ and Sn4+, easily formed the spinel structure without regard to the amount of substitution or the ion owing to the selectivity of the coordination number: 4 of Zn2+, 4 of Co2+, 6 of Fe3+ or 6 of Ti4+ and Sn4+.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2015

ZnSnO thin films were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) process using diethyl zinc ($Zn(C_2H_5)_2$) and tetrakis (dimethylamino) tin ($Sn(C_2H_6N)_4$) as metal precursors and water vapor as a reactant. ALD process has several advantages over other deposition methods such as precise thickness control, good conformality, and good uniformity for large area. The composition of ZnSnO thin films was controlled by varying the ratio of ZnO and $SnO_2$ ALD cycles. The ALD ZnSnO film was an amorphous state. The band gap of ZnSnO thin films increased as the Sn content increased. The CIGS solar cell using ZnSnO buffer layer showed about 18% energy conversion efficiency. With such a high efficiency with the ALD ZnSnO buffer and no light soaking effect, AlD ZnSnO buffer mighty be a good candidate to replace Zn(S,O) buffer in CIGSsolar cells.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.304-308
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• 2012

Transparent thin film transistors (TTFT) were fabricated using the rf magnetron sputtered ZnO-$SnO_2$ films as active layers. A ceramic target whose Zn atomic ratio to Sn is 2:1 was employed for the deposition of ZnO-$SnO_2$ films. To study the post-annealing effects on the properties of TTFT, ZnO-$SnO_2$ films were annealed at $200^{\circ}C$ or $400^{\circ}C$ for 5 min before In deposition for source and drain electrodes. Oxygen was added into chamber during sputtering to raise the resistivity of ZnO-$SnO_2$ films. The effects of oxygen addition on the properties of TTFT were also investigated. 100 nm $Si_3N_4$ film grown on 100 nm $SiO_2$ film was used as gate dielectrics. The mobility, $I_{on}/I_{off}$, interface state density etc. were obtained from the transfer characteristics of ZnO-$SnO_2$ TTFTs.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1993년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.1147-1149
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• 1993

ZnO/$SnO_2$:F bilayer films have been prepared by pyrosol deposition method to develop optimum transparent electrode for use in amorphous silicon solar cells. The solution for $SnO_2:F$ film was composed of $SnCl_4{\cdot}5H_2O,\;NH_4F,\;CH_3OH$ and HCl, and ZnO films have been deposited on the $SnO_2:F$ films by using the solution of $ZnO(CH_3COO){_2}{\cdot}2H_2O,\;H_2O\;and\;CH_3OH$. These films have been investigated the variation of electrical and optical properties under the hydrogen plasma exposure. The sheet resistance of the $SnO_2:F$ film was sharply increased and its transmittance was decreased with the blackish effect after plasma treatment. However, the ZnO/$SnO_2:F$ bilayer film was shown hydrogen plasma durability because the electrical and optical properties was almost unchanged more then 60 seconds exposure time.