• 제목/요약/키워드: $H_2SO_4$ decomposition

검색결과 103건 처리시간 0.031초

Effect of Pre-treatments on the Content of Heavy Metals in Packaging Paper

  • Jo, Byoung-Muk;Jeong, Myung-Joon
    • 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.2
    • /
    • pp.465-469
    • /
    • 2006
  • Pre-treatment methods to determine various heavy metal contents in packaging papers were investigated by ICP-ES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry) analysis. Pre-treatment methods utilized in this study include dry ashing and decomposition methods ($HNO_{3-}HClO_{4-}HF,\;HNO_{3},\;and\;H_{2}SO_{4-}HNO_{3}$). They were compared with the conventional extraction (water) and migration (3% acetic acid) methods. The five representative heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb, Cr and Hg) were analyzed. For Cd, Hg, and As, the results were below detection limit of the instrument. In case of Cr and Pb, the migration test is considered to be a better method compared to the extraction test, but all pretreated methods showed much higher detection efficiency than the extraction or migration test. However, the detection ratio between the migration test and decomposition methods was different. Among all decomposition methods, the nitric acid - perchloric acid - hydrofluoric acid treatment brought a slightly higher detection value than others, but there was no significant difference among them except sulfuric acid - nitric acid method. Concerning Pb, the sulfuric acid - nitric acid method showed a low detection efficiency compared to other decomposition methods. The sulfuric acid - nitric acid method is, thus, not considered to be a suitable analysis method for Pb in packaging papers.

  • PDF

Kennicutt-Schmidt law with H I velocity profile decomposition in NGC 6822

  • Park, Hye-Jin;Oh, Se-Heon;Wang, Jing;Zheng, Yun;Zhang, Hong-Xin;de Blok, W.J.G.
    • 천문학회보
    • /
    • 제46권1호
    • /
    • pp.32.3-33
    • /
    • 2021
  • We present H I gas kinematics and star formation activities of NGC 6822, a dwarf galaxy located in the Local Volume at a distance of ~ 490 kpc. We perform profile decomposition of the line-of-sight velocity profiles of the high-resolution (42.4" × 12" spatial; 1.6 km/s spectral) H I data cube taken with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). For this, we use a new tool, the so-called BAYGAUD (BAYesian GAUssian Decompositor) which is based on Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques, allowing us to decompose a line-of-sight velocity profile into an optimal number of Gaussian components in a quantitative manner. We classify the decomposed H I gas components of NGC 6822 into bulk-narrow, bulk-broad, and non_bulk with respect to their velocity and velocity dispersion. We correlate their gas surface densities with the surface star formation rates derived using both GALEX far-ultraviolet and WISE 22 micron data to examine the impact of gas turbulence caused by stellar feedback on the Kennicutt-Schmidt (K-S) law. The bulk-narrow component that resides within r25 is likely to follow the linear extension of the Kennicutt-Schmidt (K-S) law for molecular hydrogen (H2) at the low gas surface density regime where H I is not saturated.

  • PDF

UV/H$_2$O$_2$공정에 의한 Cefaclor 분해 특성에 관한 기초연구 (An Investigative Study on the Characterization of Cefaclor Decomposition in UV/H$_2$O$_2$ Process)

  • 조준기;한인섭
    • 대한환경공학회지
    • /
    • 제30권10호
    • /
    • pp.1039-1046
    • /
    • 2008
  • 수중에 존재할 수 있는 항생제물질 중 cefaclor를 제거하기 위하여 UV/H$_2$O$_2$ 공정을 적용하였다. 기존 회분식반응기의 경우 시료를 채취하면 시료가 감소하여 UV램프와 제거대상물질의 유효접촉면적이 감소하는 것을 보완하기 위해 외부에 혼합조를 설치하여 실험을 실시하였다. UV반응기 내부는 완전혼합을 위해 4개의 baffle을 설치하였으며 광자의 방출을 방지하기 위해 반응조 외부를 알루미늄 호일로 감쌌다. OH radical의 생성은 pCBA(p-Chlorobenzoic acid)를 이용하여 간접적으로 측정하였으며, 의사일차반응식(pseudo-frist order reaction)을 이용하여 반응속도상수를 구하였다. 본 연구의 최적 OH radical 생성조건은 pH 3, 과산화수소 주입량은 5 mmol/L 그리고 펌프순환유량은 400 mL/min로 나타났으며, 반응속도상수는 0.1051 min$^{-1}$이었다. 최적의 OH radical 생성조건에서 cefaclor는 40 min안에 완전히 제거되었으며 반응속도상수는 0.093 min$^{-1}$이었다. 초기 cefaclor의 농도가 낮을 수록 빠르게 제거되었으며, OH radical에 의해 분해되어 중간생성물질(intermediates)인 chloride(Cl$^-$), nitrate(NO$_3{^{2-}}$), sulfite(SO$_4{^{2-}}$) 그리고 acetic acid(CH$_3$COO$^-$) 등의 음이온과 phenylglycine을 생성하였다. 반응시간 6 hr 이후 TOC의 77% 감소, phenylglycine의 소멸 그리고 acetic acid가 감소하는 것으로 보아 cefaclor는 UV/H$_2$O$_2$ 공정에 의해 빠르게 분해될 뿐만 아니라 CO$_2$와 H$_2$O의 형태로 무해화(mineralization)되는 것으로 보인다.

스피넬상 마그네타이트의 수소환원에 의한 활성화 (Activation of Spinel Phase Magnetite by Hydrogen Reduction)

  • 류대선;이동석;이풍헌;김순태
    • 한국세라믹학회지
    • /
    • 제37권6호
    • /
    • pp.559-563
    • /
    • 2000
  • To decompose carbon dioxide, magnetite was synthesized with 0.2M-FeSO4$.$7H2O and 0.5 M-NaOH by coprecipitation. The deoxidized magnetite was prepared from the magnetite by hydrogen reduction for 1, 1.5, 2 hr. The degree of hydrogen reduction and the decomposition rate of carbon dioxide were investigated with hydrogen reduction time. The crystal structure of the magnetite was identified spinel structute by the X-ray powder diffractions. After magnetite was reduced by hydrogen, magnetite reduced by hydrogen become new phae(${\alpha}$-Fe2O3, ${\alpha}$-Fe) and spinel type simultaneously. After decomposing of carbon dioxide at 350$^{\circ}C$, new phse(${\alpha}$-Fe2O3, ${\alpha}$-Fe) were removed and the spinel type only existed. The specific surface area of the synthesized magnetite was 46.69㎡/g. With the increase of the hydrogen reduction time, the grain size, the hydrogen reduction degree and the decomposition rate of carbon dioxide was increased.

  • PDF

망간산화물의 합성과 수소환원에 의한 활성화 (Synthesis of Spinel Phase Manganese Oxide and Its Activation by Hydrogen Reduction)

  • 양천모;김순태;임병오
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
    • /
    • 제17권1호
    • /
    • pp.49-53
    • /
    • 2000
  • For decompose carbon dioxide, manganese oxide was synthesized with $0.25M-MnSO_{4}{\cdot}nH_{2}O$ and 0.5M-NaOH by coprecipitation. We made magnetite deoxidized manganese oxide by hydrogen reduction for 1hour at $330^{\circ}C$. We investigated characteristics of catalyst, hydrogen reduction degree and decomposition rate of carbon dioxide. The structure of the hausmannite certified spinel type. The specific surface area of synthesized hausmannite and deoxidized hausmannite were $22.36m^{2}/g$, $33.56m^{2}/g$ respectively. The decomposition rate of $CO_{2}$ of deoxidized hausmannite was 57%.

용액환원법에 의한 MLCC용 단분산 니켈 미분말의 합성 (Preparation of Mono-Disperse Ni Powder for Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor by Solution-Reduction Method)

  • 김강민;이종흔;윤선미;이용균;이현철;최재영
    • 한국세라믹학회지
    • /
    • 제42권10호
    • /
    • pp.649-653
    • /
    • 2005
  • A mono-disperse Ni powders for multilayer ceramic capacitors were prepared in a large scale by solution reduction method using $NiSO_{4}$ $N_{2}$$H_{4}$and NaOH. The exothermic reactions such as Ni-complex formation between highly concentrated $NiSO_{4}$ and $N_{2}$$H_{4}$ and the reduction of $Ni^{2+}$ into Ni provided thermal energy sufficient for spontaneous solution-reduction reaction. Because well-defined Ni particles could be prepared without external heating, the present method was named as 'auto-thermal method'. The formation of Ni­complex, the precipitation of $Ni(OH)_{2}$ gel triggered by NaOH addition, and its reduction into Ni by dissolution-recrystallization route were the reaction mechanism. The preparation of mono-disperse and spherical Ni powder was attributed to uniform distribution of reducing agent $N_{2}$$H_{2}$ within $Ni(OH)_{2}$ gel due to the decomposition of$NiSO_{4}$-$N_{2}$ $H_{4}$ complex.

국내부존 Monazite로부터 희토류금속의 추출 (The Extraction of Rare Earth Metal Component from the Domestic Monazite)

  • 황창일;현성호;이철태
    • 공업화학
    • /
    • 제3권3호
    • /
    • pp.440-450
    • /
    • 1992
  • 함희토류광물로부터 3가지 희토류성분의 추출공정이 국산 monazite에 대한 적절한 추출공정을 찾기위해 조사되었다. 본 연구에서 조사된 3가지 공정은 황산법, 알칼리법및 황산암모늄 분해법이었다. 실험결과로부터 황산법 및 알칼리법이 국산 monazite에 더욱 효과적인 추출공정이었음이 조사되었다. 국산 monazite에 대한 황산법의 적절한 반응조건은 반응온도 $210^{\circ}C$, 반응시간 40분, monazite에 대한 $H_2SO_4$의 고액비 1.5, 황산의 농도 95%였으며, 이 조건하에서 98%의 희토류성분이 추출되었다. 또한 알칼리법에 대한 적절한 반응조건은 반응온도 $140^{\circ}C$, monazite에 대한 NaOH의 무게비 3.0, NaOH의 농도 50%, 침출시간 3시간이었으며, 이 초건하에서 97%의 희토류성분이 추출되었다.

  • PDF

수열합성법에 의한 TiO2 분말 제조와 광촉매 특성 (Preparation of TiO2Powder by Hydrothemal Precipitation Method and their Photocatalytic Properties)

  • 김석현;정상구;나석은;김시영;주창식
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
    • /
    • 제51권2호
    • /
    • pp.195-202
    • /
    • 2013
  • 본 연구에서는 Titanium(IV) sulfate($Ti(SO_4)_2$)와 암모니아수로부터 수열합성법을 이용하여 비교적 낮은 합성온도($80{\sim}100^{\circ}C$)와 상압에서 소성과정을 거치지 않고 $TiO_2$ 분말을 제조하였고, $TiO_2$ 제조 시 반응온도, 반응물의 초기농도, 혼합용액의 pH와 같은 반응조건에 따른 $TiO_2$ 입자의 결정구조와 입자분포, 형상 등과 같은 물리적 특성을 고찰하였다. 제조한 시료는 UV 조사 하에 Brilliant Blue FCF(BB-FCF)의 광분해 실험을 실시하여 광분해 성능과 DRS 분석을 통해 광촉매 활성을 비교하였다. 제조한 시료의 물성은 XRD, SEM, PL, 입도분포 측정을 통하여 확인하였다. Titanium(IV) sulfate($Ti(SO_4)_2$)의 초기농도가 증가할수록 $TiO_2$의 평균 입자크기와 결정화도는 증가하였고 광촉매 활성은 감소하였다. 혼합용액의 pH가 높을수록 평균 입자크기는 감소하였고 광촉매 활성은 증가하였다. 반응온도가 높을수록 결정화도와 광촉매 활성은 증가하였다. 이상의 결과들로부터 $Ti(SO_4)_2$와 암모니아수를 이용한 비교적 낮은 합성온도와 상압에서의 수열합성법으로도 순수한 anatase 결정구조의 $TiO_2$가 제조됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

고에너지 이온성 산화제 HAN [Hydroxylammonium nitrate] 합성공정 연구 (Synthesis of high capacity ionic oxidizer; HAN[Hydroxylammonium Nitrate])

  • 김소희;박연수;김우람;박미정;권윤자;조영민
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
    • /
    • 제36권1호
    • /
    • pp.165-173
    • /
    • 2019
  • 국문 우주항공 분야에서 널리 쓰이고 있는 하이드라진[hydrazine, $N_2H_4$]은 로켓연료로 사용되는 대표적인 추진제이지만 환경에 유해하고 독성이 강하다는 단점이 존재한다. 따라서 친환경적이고 독성이 적은 추진제가 다양하게 개발되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 수산화아민[hydroxylamine, $NH_2OH$]을 출발물질로 하여, 질산[nitric acid, $HNO_3$]과 산-염기 반응을 통해 얻어지는 친환경 추진제 HAN[hydroxylammonium nitrate, $NH_3OHNO_3$]의 물리 화학적 특성에 대하여 적외선분광법을 이용하여 합성물의 조성, 화학구조 및 작용기를 관찰하였고, 열중량분석을 통해 HAN의 분해온도를 확인하였다. 이온 크로마토그래피를 통해 합성한 HAN에 함유되어 있는 질산이온의 함량을 측정하였다. 즉, N-H와 N-O의 IR peak가 $3161cm^{-1}$$1324cm^{-1}$에서 각각 나타나는 것을 통해 생성한 화합물이 HAN임을 확인하였고, pH 5-7 근처에서 합성한 HAN은 분해온도가 $120-140^{\circ}C$인 반면, pH 8 정도인 HAN은 분해온도가 $140^{\circ}C$ 이상임을 알 수 있었다. 한편, pH 6-7 사이에서 HAN을 합성하였을 때, 가장 높은 질산이온의 농도는 70%인 것으로 나타났다.

Synthesis, crystal structure, and thermal property of piperazine-templated copper(II) sulfate, {H2NCH2CH2NH2CH2CH2}{Cu(H2O)6}(SO4)2

  • Kim, Chong-Hyeak;Park, Chan-Jo;Lee, Sueg-Geun
    • 분석과학
    • /
    • 제18권5호
    • /
    • pp.381-385
    • /
    • 2005
  • The title compound, $\{H_2NCH_2CH_2NH_2CH_2CH_2\}\{Cu(H_2O)_6\}(SO_4)_2$, I, has been synthesized under solvo/hydrothermal conditions and their crystal structure analyzed by X-ray single crystallography. Compound I crystallizes in the monoclinic system, $P2_1/n$ space group with a = 6.852(1), b = 10.160(2), $c=11.893(1){\AA}$, ${\beta}=92.928(8)^{\circ}$, $V=826.9(2){\AA}^3$, Z = 2, $D_x=1.815g/cm^3$, $R_1=0.031$ and ${\omega}R_2=0.084$. The crystal structure of the piperazine templated Cu(II)-sulfate demonstrate zero-dimensional compound constituted by doubly protonated piperazine cations, hexahydrated copper cations and sulfate anions. The central Cu atom has a elongated octahedral coordination geometry. The crystal structure is stabilized by three-dimensional networks of the intermolecular $O_{water}-H{\cdots}O_{sulfate}$ and $N_{pip}-H{\cdots}O_{sulfate}$ hydrogen bonds between the water molecules and sulfate anions and protonated piperazine cations. Based on the results of thermal analysis, the thermal decomposition reaction of compound I was analyzed to have three distinctive stages.