• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.30 no.7 s.250
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• pp.849-856
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• 2006

In this paper, fabric composite draping on hemisphere moulds were studied to find out the deformation behaviour of micro-tow structures of fabrics during draping and thermoforming. Aluminium and PVC foams were used to fabricate the hemisphere moulds for draping tests. In order to observe the local tow deformation pattern during the draping several specimens for microscopic observation were sectioned from the draped hemisphere structures. The effect of forming condition and mould properties on tow deformation was investigated by the microscopic observation of the tow parameters such as crimp angle. Normalization scheme was performed to compare tow parameter variations with different forming conditions. Stress-strain .elations of two different PVC foams (HT70 and HT110) were tested to investigate the effect of foam property on the micro-tow deformation during forming.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.7-7
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• 2005

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 1994

Purpose : The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical results of thermo-irradiation treatment for surgically unresectable advanced hepatoma with or without hepatic arterial chemo-embolization (HACE), chemotherapy (CT) and interferon (IFN) therapy. Materials and Methods : Between February 1990 and December 1992, 45 Patients with surgically unresectable advanced hepatomas were treated by thermo-irradiation with or without hepatic arterial chemo-embolization and other treatment modalities. Among them, We analyzed retrospectively 25 patients who received more than three times of hyperthermias. Mean age was 50 years (range : 18-71 years) and male to female ratio was 20 : 5. In the study, treatment was administered as follows : 3 patients received radiation therapy(RT) and hyperthermia (HT). 3 received RT+HT+CT. 3 received RT+HT+HACE. 1 received RT+HT+CT+HACE. 2 received RT+HT+CT+IFN. 10 received RT+HT+HACE+IFN. 3 received RT+HT+CT+HACE+IFN. Radiation therapy was done by a 6 MV linear accelerator Patients were treated with daily fractions of 180 cGy to doses of 11Gy-50Gy (median 30Gy). Local hyperthermia was done by HEH-500C(Omron Co. Japan), 30-45 min/session, 2 sessions/wk and the number of HT sessions ranged from 3 to 17 (median 7 times). 15 patients of 25 were followed by abdominal CT scan or abdominal ultra-sonogram. The following factors were analyzed :Age, histologic grade, sex. number of hyperthermia, total RT dose, hepatic arterial chemo-embolization. Results : Of 25 patients. there were observed tumor regression (partial response and minimal response) in 6 (24$ \% $), no response in 8 (32$ \% $), progression in 1 (4$ \% $) and not evaluable ones in 10 (40$ \% $) radiographically. The over all 1-year survival was 25$ \% $, with a mean survival of 33 weeks. The treatment modes of partial and minimal responsive patients (PR+MR)were as follows : Two were treated with RT+HT+HACE, 2 were done with RT+HT+HACE+IFN Remaining 2 were treated with RT+HT+CT+HACE+IFN. The significant factor affecting the survival rate were RT dose (more than 25 Gy), HACE, number of HT (above 6 times), responsiveness after treatment (PR + MR). Age, sex, histologic differentiation, chemotherapy, interferon therapy were not statistically significant factors affecting the survival rate. Conclusion : Although follow-up duration was short, the thermo-irr3diBtion with/without hepatic arterial chemo-embolization was well tolerated and there were no serious complicatons. In future, it is considered the longer follow up and prospective, well controlled trials should be followed to evaluate the efficacies of survival advantage.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2005

The flavonoid, quercetin, is a low molecular weight substance found in apple, tomato and other fruit. Besides its antioxidative effect, quercetin, like other flavonoids, has a wide range of neuropharmacological actions including analgesia, and motility, sleep, anticonvulsant, sedative and anxiolytic effects. In the present study, we investigated its effect on mouse 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 ($5-HT_{3A}$) receptor channel activity, which is involved in pain transmission, analgesia, vomiting, and mood disorders. The $5-HT_{3A}$ receptor was expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and the current was measured with the two-electrode voltage clamp technique. In oocytes injected with $5-HT_{3A}$ receptor cRNA, quercetin inhibited the 5-HT-induced inward peak current ($I_{5-HT}$) with an $IC_{50}$ of $64.7{\pm}2.2{\mu}M$. Inhibition was competitive and voltage-independent. Point mutations of pre-transmembrane domain 1 (pre-TM1) such as R222T and R222A, but not R222D, R222E and R222K, abolished inhibition, indicating that quercetin interacts with the pre-TM1 of the $5-HT_{3A}$ receptor.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.39-44
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• 2023

Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1) is a metabolic disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) gene, which impairs the function of the FAH enzyme, resulting in the accumulation of tyrosine's toxic metabolites in hepatocytes and renal tubular cells. As a consequence, individuals with HT-1 exhibit symptomatic manifestations. Rapid diagnosis and treatment of HT-1 can prevent short-term death and long-term complications. A 15-day-old boy presented to the outpatient department with elevated levels of tyrosine on his newborn screening tests conducted at the age of 3 and 10 days, respectively. Further blood tests revealed increased levels of alpha-fetoprotein and amino acids including tyrosine and threonine. Urine organic acid tests indicated a significant elevation in tyrosine metabolites, as well as the presence of succinylacetone (SA), which led to the diagnosis of HT-1. Two pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants of FAH compatible with HT-1 were also detected. He began a tyrosine-restricted diet at one month old and received nitisinone (NTBC) at two months old. With continued treatment, the patient's initially elevated AFP level, detection of SA in the urine, and mild hepatomegaly showed improvement. During four years and seven months of treatment, there were no exceptional complications apart from an increase in tyrosine levels and a delay in speech. We report a case of tyrosinemia type 1 detected through newborn screening, treated with dietary restriction and NTBC, with a good prognosis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.199-210
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effect of invasive laser acupuncture therapy with green light (LAT-G) at HT7(Sinmun), SP3(Taebaek) on the blood pressure in hypertensive rat induced by two kidney one clip. Methods : The experiments were performed on Sprague Dawley rats. 2K1C hypertension model was prepared by constricting the left renal artery with a sliver clip. Animals were divided into four groups, which were simple acupuncture treatment group with straight needle insertion on the square(AT-SS), acupuncture treatment group with reducing manipulation in the opposite channel direction(AT-RD), laser acupuncture treatment group with green light 532 nm, 10mW power in the opposite channel direction(LAT-G10) and laser acupuncture treatment group with green light 532 nm, 20mW power in the opposite channel direction(LAT-G20). The treatments were performed once per two days for 10 days. Results : Body weight was increased significantly in LAT-G20 group compared with AT-RD group. The blood pressure was significantly decreased in LAT-G20 and LAT-G10 groups compared with AT-SS group. Conclusions : These results suggest that green laser acupuncture therapy at SP3 ${\cdot}$ HT7 is more effective than straight needle insertion on the square for controlling hypertension. It is possible that invasive green laser acupuncture therapy (532 nm) can be used as a reducing method of the traditional acupuncture techniques.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.85-106
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• 2003

Studies have shown that both the psychomotor stimulant effects and rewarding properties of addictive drugs, including morphine, are sensitized by repeated drug administration and it is suggested that both of these effects are mediated by the same or closely overlapping dopamine systems. Specifically, the mesolimbic dopamine system has been implicated in the reinforcing and sensitizing properties of morphine. In oriental medicine, Shenmen (HT7) point on the heart channel has been used to treat mental and psychosomatic disorders. This study was designed to investigate the effect of acupuncture on acute and repeated morphine-induced changes in extracellular dopamine levels using in vivo microdialysis and morphine-induced behavioral changes. In the morphine sensitization experiment, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated twice a day for three days with increasing doses of morphine (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, s.c.) or with saline. After 15 days of withdrawal, rats were challenged with morphine hydrochloride (5mg/kg, s.c.). Acupuncture was applied at bilateral Shenmen (HT7) points for 1 min after the morphine challenge. In the acute experiment, rats also received acupuncture for 1 min after an injection of morphine hydrochloride (5 mg/kg, s.c.). Results showed that acupuncture at the specific acupoint HT7, but not at control points (tail) significantly decreased both dopamine release and behavior induced by a systemic morphine challenge or a single sc morphine injection in the acute animals. These results suggest that reduction in sensitization may be one mechanism whereby acupuncture alleviates morphine craving in addicts.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.510-517
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• 2003

Studies have shown that both the psychomotor stimulant effects and rewarding properties of addictive drugs, including morphine, are sensitized by repeated drug administration and it is suggested that both of these effects are mediated by the same or closely overlapping dopamine systems. Specifically, the mesolimbic dopamine system has been implicated in the reinforcing and sensitizing properties of morphine. In oriental medicine, Shenmen (HT7) point on the heart channel has been used to treat mental and psychosomatic disorders. This study was designed to investigate the effect of acupuncture on acute and repeated morphine-induced changes in extracellular dopamine levels using in vivo microdialysis and morphine-induced behavioral changes. In the morphine sensitization experiment, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated twice a day for three days with increasing doses of morphine (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, s.c.) or with saline. After 15 days of withdrawal, rats were challenged with morphine hydrochloride (5 mg/kg, s.c.). Acupuncture was applied at bilateral Shenmen (HT7) points for 1 min after the morphine challenge. In the acute experiment, rats also received acupuncture for 1 min after an injection of morphine hydrochloride (5 mg/kg, s.c.). Results showed that acupuncture at the specific acupoint HT7, but not at control points (tail) significantly decreased both dopamine release and behavior induced by a systemic morphine challenge or a single sc morphine injection in the acute animals. These results suggest that reduction in sensitization may be one mechanism whereby acupuncture alleviates morphine craving in addicts.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2002

Substantial evidence suggests that behavioral and reinforcing effects of cocaine can be mediated by the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. Injections of cocaine can produce one of the immediate-early gene, c-fos expression in the brain and behavioral activation. Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely used for the treatment of many mental disorders such as drugs of abuse. In order to investigate whether acupuncture has an influence on cocaine-induced reinforcing and behavioral effects, we examined the effect of acupuncture on cocaine-induced locomotor activity and c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum using Fos-like-immunoreactivity(FLI). Male SD rats received acupuncture for 1 min after injection of cocaine hydrochloride(1 mg/kg, i.v.). The employed acupuncture point, Shenmen$(HT_7)$, has been clinically used to treat mental and psychosomatic disorders. Injections of cocaine produced a marked increase in locomotor activity and FLI in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum. Acupuncture at $HT_7$, but not at control points($PC_6,\;TE_4$ or tail), significantly attenuated cocaine-induced increase in locomotor activity and Fos-like immunoreactivity. These results demonstrated that reduction in locomotor activity by acupuncture may be reflected by reduction of postsynaptic neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum. Our results suggest that acupuncture may have a therapeutic effect on cocaine addiction.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.100-109
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• 2021

Objectives : Source acupoint is one of the representative acupoints to treat various diseases in each meridian. We aimed to identify the patterns of selection of Source acupoints and their associations with diseases using clinical trials data. Methods : We extracted the frequency of Source acupoints across 30 diseases from clinical trials database. Acupuncture treatment regimens were retrieved from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The frequency of Source acupoint use was calculated as the number of studies using a certain acupoint divided by the total number of included studies. Using hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling, the characteristics of Source acupoints were analyzed based on the similarity of the relationships between the Source acupoints and the diseases. Results : A total of 421 clinical trials were included for this analysis. LR3, HT7, KI3, and LI4 acupoints were most frequently used for the treatment of 30 diseases. Cluster analysis showed that LR3 and LI4 acupoints were grouped together and HT7 and KI3 acupoints were grouped together. Multidimensional scaling revealed that LR3, LI4, HT7, and KI3 acupoints have intrinsic properties in the two-dimensional space. Conclusions : The present study identified the selection patterns of the Source acupoints using clinical trials data. Our finding will provide the understanding of the characteristics of Source acupoints.