• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.921-927
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigated the effects on the cytotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of Cordyceps militaris extracts on the human cancer cell lines. The ethanol extract and five fractions which were hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and aqueous were screened for crytotoxicity on human lung carcinoma(A549). human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) human epitheloid carcinoma(HeLa), human fibrosarcoma(HT1080) human hepatocellular carcinoma(Hep3B), human gastric carcinoma(KATOIII) and chronic myelogenous leukemia(K562) cell by SRB and MTT assays. The results showed that growth inhibition rates of the human cancer cell in the presence of Cordyceps militaris were inhibited with increasing concentration of the extract. The ethanol extract from Cordyceps militaris had strong inhibitory effects in1 mg/mL treatment by SRB assay , showing 89.4%, 85.7%, 72.9% and 65.5% inhibition in HT1080, HeLa, Hep3B and A549, respectively. The treatment of 1 mg/mL hexane fraction by SRB assay had the strongest cytotoxicity with 97.0% on HT1080 followed by MCF-7(92.9%) and HeLA(90.3%). The inhibition ration on KATOIII by MTT assay was much higher in the butanol (83.7%) and aqueous (80.4%) than in the ethanol extract (61.5%) And also, K562 showed similar tendency with KATOIII. The effects of Cordyceps militaris extracts on the frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) induced by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidime(MNNG) were investigated in the bone-marrow cells of ICR male mice. The amount of 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg of each extract were administered to animals immediately after injection of MNNG, and the exposure time was 36 hours. Significant reductions(p<0.05) with 39.7%, 52.7%, 71.4% and 83.9% were observed in the frequencies of MNPCE when 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg of the hexane fraction of Coryceps militarus extracts were given to the mice.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.308-312
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• 2008

The flower buds of Tussilago farfara (TF) have been traditionally used in oriental medicine for the treatment of bronchitis and asthma. In our study, the primary objective was to determine the mechanisms that are inherent to TF-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, using the methanolic extract of TF (TFM) in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. We found that TFM-induced induced cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was verified via an MTT reduction assay, an lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, and a colony formation assay. Interestingly, we also detected apoptotic bodies on Hoechst staining, and attempted to determine whether TFM-induced apoptosis involved the caspase pathway using a caspase-3/7 activity assay. Overall, the results indicate that TFM contain chemotherapeutic agents and potential candidates use for against human colon cancer cells.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.132-135
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• 1997

Current treatment strategies for levodopa-induced psychosis in advanced Parkinson's disease have had limited success. Reduction or discontinuation of levodopa and coadministration with dopamine-blocking neuroleptics may attenuate the psychotic symptoms, but these strategies are associated with worsening of parkinsonian symptoms. Administration of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ; ondansetron, a newer strategy to attenuate psychosis of Parkinson'disease without motor deterioration was introduced. A 41-year-old young-onset male, who was diagnosed as Parkinson's disease 7 years ago, was treated with levodopa therapy, and had levodopa-induced psychosis(delusion, hallucination, paranoid, insomnia). After trial of ondansetron, he showed improvement in the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(from 21 points to 9 points) in spite of increasing the dosage of levodopa. With ondansetron, we could increase the dosage of levodopa without psychotic complications(esp, hallucination), and he showed improvement in the motor fluctuation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.423-429
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• 2011

B13 analogues are being considered as therapeutic agents for cancer cells, since B13 is a ceramide analogue and inhibits ceramidase to promote apoptosis in cancer cells. B13 sulfonamides are assumed to have biological activity similar to B13, since they are made by bioisosterically substituting the carboxyl moiety of B13 with sulfone group. Twenty B13 sulfonamides were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicities against human colon cancer HT-29 and lung cancer A549 cell lines using MTT assays. Replacement of the amide group with a sulfonamide group increased cytotoxicity in both cancer cell lines. The sulfonamides with long alkyl chains exhibited activities two to three times more potent than that of B13 and compound (15) had the most potent activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 27 and $28.7{\mu}M$ for HT-29 and A549, respectively. The comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) were used to carry out QSAR molecular modeling of these compounds. The predictive CoMSIA models for HT-29 and A549 gave cross-validated q2 values of 0.703 and 0.830, respectively. From graphical analysis of these models, we suppose that the stereochemistry of 1,3-propandiol is not important for activity and that introduction of a sulfonamide group and long alkyl chains into B13 can increase cytotoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

In the previous study, we reported that luteolin isolated from Lonicera japonica methanolic extract had potent neuroprotective activities in neuronal cell death injured by excessive glutamate. In this study, we tried to confirm the neuroprotective activities of luteolin in glutamate injured HT22 cells and establish mechanisms of neuroprotective action of luteolin. We used HT22 cell death injured by glutamate as a bioassay system. Luteolin decreased reactive oxygen species increased by excessive glutamate treatment in HT22 cells. Also, Ca²⁺ concentration was decreased by luteolin treatment. Luteolin made mitochondrial membrane potential maintain to normal condition. It also increased not only glutathione reductase but also peroxidase to the control level. And it increased amount of glutathione, an endogenous antioxidant. These results suggested that luteolin isolated from L. japonica showed potent neuroprotective activity through the anti-oxidative pathway.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1904-1911
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• 2006

The cell-free extracts of 250 yeasts were screened for their in vitro anti-angiogenic activity, to develop a new cancer metastasis inhibitor. Saccharomyces cerevisiae K-7 was selected as the producer of the anti-angiogenic agent, because it had the highest anti-angiogenic activity. The anti-angiogenic agent was produced maximally from hydrolysates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae K-7, when the yeast was cultured in yeast extract-peptone-dextrose medium at 30$^{\circ}C$ for 24 h, and cell-free extracts were than digested with pepsin for 4 h at 37$^{\circ}C$. The anti-angiogenic agent was further purified by ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-25 gel permeation chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC, and the anti-angiogenic activity of the final purified preparation was 72.7% at 10 $\mu$M/egg. The purified anti-angiogenic agent was found to originate from the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) molecule of Saccharomyces cerevisiae K-7, and its peptide sequence was Val-Ser-Trp-Tyr-Asp-Asn-Glu-Tyr-Gly-Tyr-Ser-Thr-Arg-Val-Val-Asp. In the MTT assay, the shape of the HT-l 080 cell was clearly changed to a circular type at 0.2 mM purified anti-angiogenic agent. This result indicated that the growth of the HT-I080 cell was significantly inhibited at 0.2 mM of the purified anti-angiogenic agent. The MMP activity of the treated HT-l080 cells was not affected, evidenced by the gelatin zymography, indicating that the anti-angiogenic mechanism of the purified anti-angiogenic agent is not mediated through MMP activity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.525-531
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• 2011

In this paper, experimental analyses have been performed to compare the electrical characteristics of n channel LT(low temperature) and HT(high temperature) poly-Si TFTs(polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors) on quartz substrate according to activated step annealing. The size of the particles step annealed at low temperature are bigger than high temperature poly-Si TFTs and measurements show that the electric characteristics those are transconductance, threshold voltage, electric effective mobility, on and off current of step annealed at LT poly-Si TFTs are high more than HT poly-Si TFT's. Especially we can estimated the defect in the activated grade poly crystalline silicon and the grain boundary of LT poly-Si TFT have more high than HT poly-Si TFT's due to high off electric current. Even though the size of particles of step annealed at low temperature, the electrical characteristics of LT poly-Si TFTs were investigated deterioration phenomena that is decrease on/off current ratio depend on high off current due to defects in active silicon layer.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.1349-1352
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• 2008

We report a novel patterning method for a homo-polymeric poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanofilm particularly capable of strong adhesion to a $SiO_2$ surface. An oxidized silicon wafer substrate was micro-contact printed with n-octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) monolayer, and subsequently its negative pattern was selfassembled with three different amino-functionalized alkylsilanes, (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APS), N- (2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane (EDAS), and (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) diethylenetriamine (DETAS). Then, P3HT nanofilms were selectively grown on the aminosilane pre-patterned areas via the vapor phase polymerization method. To evaluate the adhesion, patterning, and the film itself, the PEDOT nanofilms and SAMs were investigated with a $Scotch^{(R)}$ tape test, contact angle analyzer, ATR-FT-IR, and optical and atomic force microscopes. The evaluation showed that the newly developed all bottom-up process can offer a simple and inexpensive patterning method for P3HT nanofilms robustly adhered to an oxidized Si wafer surface by the mediation of $FeCl_3$ and amino-functionalized alkylsilane SAMs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2008

In Asia Saussurea lappa (SL) has been used as a traditional herbal medicine to treat abdominal pain and tenesmus. Recently, in vitro cell culture studies have shown that SL has anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. To explore its potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects in colon cancer, we examined whether the hexane extract of SL (HESL) could inhibit the growth of HT-29 human colon cancer cells, and investigated the mechanisms for this effect. The cells were cultured with various concentrations (0-5 ${\mu}g/mL$) of HESL. The results indicated that HESL markedly decreased the numbers of viable HT-29 cells; whereas at the concentration of 5 ${\mu}g/mL$, HESL slightly decreased the viable cell numbers of CCD 1108Sk human skin normal fibroblasts at 72 hr. HESL substantially increased the numbers of cells in the sub G1 phase, and dose-dependently increased apoptotic cell numbers. Western blot analysis of the total cell lysates revealed that HESL increased Bax protein levels, but did not affect Bcl-2 levels. HESL induced the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspases 8, 9, 7, and 3. This study demonstrated that HESL inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in HT-29 cells, which may be mediated by its ability to increase Bax levels and activate the caspase pathway. These findings may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for colon cancer treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.238-245
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• 2009

Pure culture experiments were conducted to assess the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of phlorotannins (PT) isolated from Ascophyllum nodosum (brown seaweed) on Escherichia coli O157:H7. In Exp. 1, one non-O157:H7 strain (25922) and three strains of E. coli O157:H7 (3081, EDL933 and E318N) were cultured in M9 medium with PT included at 0 (control), 25, 50 or $100{\mu}g/ml$ (n = 3). Bacterial growth was monitored by $OD_{600}$ at 0, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h, and by dilution plating at 0, 4, 6 and 24 h. All strains were inhibited (p<0.001) by PT to varying degrees. At 50 or $100{\mu}g/ml$, PT prevented growth of all four strains. At $25{\mu}g\;PT/ml$, growth of 25922, 3081, E318N and EDL933 was inhibited for 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively, but 25922 and 3081 resumed growth by 12 and 24 h. Direct plating confirmed bactericidal effects of PT on all four strains at $100{\mu}g/ml$, and on EDL933 and E318N at $50{\mu}g/ml$. In Exp. 2, strains 25922 and 3081 were incubated with no tannins or with $50{\mu}g/ml$ of PT, purified condensed tannins (CT) from Quebracho (Schinopsis balansaei), or purified tannic acid from Rhus semialata (Anacardiaceae) as hydrolysable tannins (HT). Strain 3081 was unaffected by HT or CT, but was completely inhibited (p<0.001) by PT at 4, 6 and 24 h. Strain 25922 was unaffected by HT, slightly inhibited by CT, and almost eradicated by PT at 4 and 6 h. Transmission electron microscopy revealed tannin-mediated alterations to bacterial cell walls. Phlorotannins from A. nodosum exhibit growth-inhibiting and bactericidal effects in vitro against the strains of E. coli O157:H7 investigated. Anti-E. coli efficacy of A. nodosum PT is superior to that of terrestrial tannins purified from Quebracho and from Rhus semialata.