• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2007

유산균(Lactic acid bacteria)은 Escherichia coli와 Salmonella typhimurium과 같은 병원균에 대한 항균활성을 나타낼 뿐만 아니라 면역 증강효과를 나타내는 등 인체내에서 건강에 이로운 다양한 역할을 수행하는 것으로 알려졌다. 특히, Pediococcus pentosaseus와 몇몇 Lactobacillus 종으로부터 분리한 항균활성을 나타내는 peptide들인 safelac과 lactopad는 몇몇 암세포주의 성장을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 HT-29, SW 480 및 Caco-2와 같은 3종류의 인간의 결장암 세포주에 safelac과 lactopad를 투여하여 이들이 항암효과를 나타낼 수 있는 지를 분석하고자 하였다. XTT assay는 safelaf과 lactopad가 HT-29, SW 480 및 Caco-2의 성장을 억제하는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히, 이들 peptide들을 72시간동안 처리했을 때 나타나는 항암효과는 $3.1{\sim}100mg/mL$의 농도범위에서 유의한 결과를 나타내었으며, 분석한 농도 범위에서 용량 의존적인 방식으로 더 강한 효과를 나타내었다. RAW 264.7 세포주는 cytokine인 tumor-necrosis factor(TNF-${\alpha}$)의 생성에 미치는 이들 peptide들의 효과를 조사하기 위한 대식세포의 모델로써 이용되었다. RAW 264.7 세포주에서 TNF-${\alpha}$의 생성은 이들 peptide들에 의해 48시간 배양시 용량에 의존적인 방식으로 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 이러한 발견은 safelac과 lactopad와 같은 유산균으로부터 분리한 항균 peptide들이 결장암 세포에 대한 화학적 예방제로서의 잠재성을 갖고 있음을 시사하는 결과로서 주목된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.250-254
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• 2002

The anticancer effects of leek (buchu in Korean) kimchi were evaluated in the human cancer cells: AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells, HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells and HL-60 leukemia cells. The leek kimchi (fermented for 6 days at 15$^{\circ}C$) was fractionated into 7 groups: methanol extract, hexane extract, methanol soluble extract MSE), dichloromethane (DCM) fraction (fr.), ethyl acetate fr., butanol fr. and aqueous fr. Most of the leek kimchi tractions inhibited the growth of AGS and HT-29 cancer cells in a dose dependent manner. In particular, the DCM fr. showed the highest inhibitory effect among the tractions. Treatment with the DCM fr. (0.1 mg/mL) reduced the survival rates of AGS and HT-29 cancer cells to 19% and 37% of the controls, respectively. Moreover the DCM fr. of the leek kimchi arrested G2/M phase in the cell cycle and induced apoptosis in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. These results indicate that the leek kimchi exerted an anticancer effect on those human cancer cells, and that the DCM fr. arrested G2/M phase in the cell cycle and induced apoptosis in the leukemia cells.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2020

This study investigated therapeutic candidates with anti-inflammatory potential among traditional dietary ingredients targeting inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both Avena sativa and traditional fermented products, such as Korean soy paste, are popular health foods. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of soy paste combined with A. sativa (KDA), compared with soy paste without A. sativa (KD) by evaluating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 mouse macrophages and HT-29 human colon epithelial cells. KDA significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. In another in vitro experiment involving LPS-stimulated HT-29 cells, KDA suppressed the levels of IL-8, which is the chemokine elevated in IBD. In addition, KDA exhibited anti-oxidative properties, such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. Our findings revealed that A. sativa combined with soy paste exhibits a synergistic anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect following fermentation. These results suggest that KDA may be used as a potential anti-inflammatory therapy against IBD.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2011

$5HT_{2C}$ receptor among fourteen 5-HT subtypes plays important roles in several disorders such as depression, anxiety, epilepsy, schizophrenia and sleep disorders. The purpose of the study is to investigate pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability of a newly synthesized selective agonist of $5-HT_{2C}$ receptor, KOPC-20010 (KP10) in rats after intravenous and oral administration for the development of therapeutic anti-obesity agents. KP10 was administered orally (40 mg/kg) or intravenously (20 mg/kg), blood was collected via a catheter, and analyzed by GC/MSD. The calibration curve of KP10 in plasma and urine showed high linearity ($r^2$ >0.999). The retention times of KP10 in plasma and urine were 8.7 and 9.7 min, respectively. After oral administration of 40 mg/kg, pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated as follows; $C_{max}$ value was $1242.9{\pm}1195.5$ ng/mL at $1.1{\pm}0.6$ hr ($T_{max}$). $AUC_{0->24hr}$ and $AUC_{0>{\infty}}$ were $8034.2{\pm}960.7$ and $10464.1{\pm}681.5\;ng{\cdot}hr/mL$, respectively. The terminal half-life was $21.9{\pm}7.6$ hr. $AUC_{0->24hr}$ and $AUC_{0>{\infty}}$ were $4292.4{\pm}523.0$ and $6111.2{\pm}756.2\;ng{\cdot}hr/mL$, respectively, after 20 mg/kg of intravenous administration. The terminal half-life after intravenous administration was $25.1{\pm}9.4$ hr. Bioavailability of KP10 was determined to 86%. The excretion amount into the urine within 48 hr was approximately 4.7 to 6.7% of the dose administered. These data may be beneficial to the anti-obesity drug development of KP10.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2013

Objectives : The Meridians and acupuncture points are the fundamental theories for acupuncture therapy. They have been associated with nervous system, but It is not well defined. We investigated that the effects of acupuncture at the river points(LU8, HT4, PC5, SP5, KI7, LR4) on the changes in the expression of nNOS, iNOS, eNOS, and NE in rats. Methods : The Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups each non-acupuncture and acupuncture group. We inserted needle and retained for 5 minutes on both left and right sides of LU8, HT4, PC5, SP5, KI7, LR4 which were the river points of five transport points for 6 yin meridian vessels. After that, blood was drawn via cardiac puncture, and tissues for each point near meridian vessels were extracted to examine the changes in the changes of nNOS, eNOS, iNOS and NE. Results : The LU8 and HT4 group showed a significant decrease on nNOS. In terms of eNOS and iNOS, the LU8 group decreased significantly while the KI7 group increased significantly. However, the experimental groups didn't show any significant changes on the plasma and tissue norepinephrine without plama NE in SP5 group. Conclusions : The effect on the nNOS, iNOS, eNOS of acupuncture at LU8 and KI7 could be observed, and it is considered that the effect of acupuncture related with on nervous system could be studied by additional researches based on this one.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2016

Objectives : HT070 is a mixture of herbal extracts from root of Scutellaria baicalensis and stem bark of Eleutherococcus senticosus , which have long been used for stroke therapy in traditional Korean Medicine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of HT070 on global cerebral ischemia and its potential mechanisms.Methods : Transient global cerebral ischemia was produced by 10 min of four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) in male Wistar rats. HT070 was administered orally at a dosage of 200 mg/kg twice at 0 and 90 min after reperfusion. Hippocampal neuronal damage was measured 7 days after reperfusion. To explore the potential mechanisms, we used hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells as an in vitro model. PC12 cells were pretreated with HT070 for 1 h and then exposed to 100 μM H₂O₂ for 6 h in the presence of HT070. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and the mRNA expression of Bax, Bcl-2, iNOS and COX-2 were measured by quantitative RT-PCR.Results : Oral administration of HT070 at a dose of 200 mg/kg significantly reduced neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region by 13.4% as compared to the vehicle-treated group. HT070 increased cell viability, reversed the down-regulated Bcl-2 mRNA level, and suppressed the up-regulated mRNA expressions of Bax, iNOS, and COX-2 in H₂O₂-treated PC12 cells.Conclusions : HT070 protects against delayed neuronal death after global cerebral ischemia and its neuroprotection properties might be attributed to the inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis and ROS-generating enzymes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.935-941
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• 2011

다양한 소금(정제염, 4년 숙성 천일염, 토판염)으로 제조한 김치를 발효시켜 산도 0.5~0.6%에 도달했을 때 이를 물과 메탄올로 추출하여 사용 소금에 따른 김치의 암세포 생육 억제효과를 조사하였다. 소금의 종류를 달리한 김치의 물추출물과 메탄올 추출물은 위암세포 AGS, 장암세포 HT-292 종의 암세포에 대해서 모두 농도가 증가할수록 농도 의존적으로 높은 세포 생육 억제율을 나타내었다. 최대 처리 농도인 5 mg/mL에서 AGS의 경우 정제염 김치의 물 추출물은 44%, 메탄올 추출물은 52%의 억제율을 보였고 천일염 김치의 물 추출물은 40%, 메탄올 추출물은 73%의 억제율을 보였으며, 토판염 김치의 물 추출물은 49%, 메탄올 추출물은 62%의 억제율을 나타냄을 보여 천일염 김치의 메탄올 추출물의 AGS 암세포 생육 억제효과가 매우 뛰어남을 확인하였다. 동일 농도에서 HT-29의 경우 정제염 김치의 물 추출물은 43%, 메탄올 추출물은 39%의 억제율을 보였고, 천일염 김치의 물 추출물은 37%, 메탄올 추출물은 48%의 억제율을 보였으며, 토판염 김치의 물 추출물은 42%, 메탄올 추출물은 46%의 억제효과를 나타냄을 보여 AGS에 대한 암세포 성장 억제효과보다는 다소 낮지만 4년 숙성 천일염과 토판염으로 제조한 김치의 메탄올 추출물이 HT-29 암세포의 높은 성장억제 효과를 보임을 확인하였다. 반면에 소금의 종류를 달리한 김치의 물 추출물과 메탄올 추출물은 모두 정상세포 BJ에 대해 세포독성을 거의 보이지 않으며 오히려 세포 성장효과를 보였다. 더 나아가 최대 암세포 생육 억제현상을 나타낸 4년 숙성 김치의 메탄올 추출물을 AGS, HT-29, BJ 세포에 처리하였을 때 정상세포 BJ에 대해서는 처리 전후 별다른 차이가 관찰되지는 않았으나 AGS 위암세포와 HT-29 장암세포에서는 모두 세포 밀도의 감소와 함께 일부 세포수축 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터 기능적 측면(암세포 생육억제)에서 김치 발효에는 가장 좋은 소금은 4년 숙성 천일염이며, 소금의 숙성이 김치 발효에 매우 중요함을 알 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.385-395
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• 2017

Vasoconstrictive properties of sympathomimetic drugs are the basis of their widespread use as decongestants and possible source of adverse responses. Insufficiently substantiated practice of combining decongestants in some marketed preparations, such are those containing phenylephrine and lerimazoline, may affect the overall contractile activity, and thus their therapeutic utility. This study aimed to examine the interaction between lerimazoline and phenylephrine in isolated rat aortic rings, and also to assess the substrate of the obtained lerimazoline-induced attenuation of phenylephrine contraction. Namely, while lower concentrations of lerimazoline ($10^{-6}M$ and especially $10^{-7}M$) expectedly tended to potentiate the phenylephrine-induced contractions, lerimazoline in higher concentrations ($10^{-4}M$ and above) unexpectedly and profoundly depleted the phenylephrine concentration-response curve. Suppression of NO with NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor $N^w$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; $10^{-4}M$) or NO scavanger $OHB_{12}$ ($10^{-3}M$), as well as non-specific inhibition of $K^+$-channels with tetraethylammonium (TEA; $10^{-3}M$), have reversed lerimazoline-induced relaxation of phenylephrine contractions, while cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin ($10^{-5}M$) did not affect the interaction between two vasoconstrictors. At the receptor level, non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonist methiothepin reversed the attenuating effect of lerimazoline on phenylephrine contraction when applied at $3{\times}10^{-7}$ and $10^{-6}M$, but not at the highest concentration ($10^{-4}M$). Neither the 5-$HT_{1D}$-receptor selective antagonist BRL 15572 ($10^{-6}M$) nor 5-$HT_7$ receptor selective antagonist SB 269970 ($10^{-6}M$) affected the lerimazoline-induced attenuation of phenylephrine activity. The mechanism of lerimazoline-induced suppression of phenylephrine contractions may involve potentiation of activity of NO and $K^+$-channels and activation of some methiothepin-sensitive receptors, possibly of the 5-$HT_{2B}$ subtype.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.81-96
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• 2019

The Yeongdeok 53m marine terrace (Y₅₃mT), Y₄₃mT, Y₃₃mT, Y₂₄mT, Y₁₉mT and Y₁₁mT distributed along the Yeongdeok coast, southeastern Korean Peninsula are well compared with the thalassostatic terraces of the high terrace 1 (ℓHT₁ ; 51m of the relative heights from the river floor), high terrace 2 (ℓHT₂ ; 43m), middle terrace 1 (ℓMT₁ ; 32m), middle terrace 2 (ℓMT₂ ; 25m), lower terrace 1 (ℓLT₁ ; 18m) and lower terrace 2 (ℓLT₂ ; 10m) respectively, developed along the lower reaches of the Chucksan-cheon and Obo-cheon rivers, judging from the comparison of paleosols (red soils) between the above marine and thalassostatic terraces. Using the Y₁₉mT of the MIS 5e as the key surface, we propose that the terraces of the Y₅₃mT and ℓHT₁, Y₄₃mT and ℓHT₂, T₃₃mT and ℓMT₁, Y₂₄mT and ℓMT₂, Y₁₉mT and ℓLT₁, and Y₁₁mT and ℓLT₂ have been formed at the MIS 11, 9, 7e and 7a (or 7a), 5e and 5a respectively. The red soils have been developed at the Y₁₉mT and ℓLT₁ and above them, but not on the Y₁₁mT and ℓLT₂ surfaces.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 1997

대기중 삼중수소에 대한 국내 기초 준위를 파악하기 위하여 1995년 3월부터 12월까지 대전지역 대기중 수증기상태의 삼중수소(HTO) 및 가스상태의 삼중수소(HT)의 농도를 측정하였다. 대기시료는 삼중수소 포집장치를 이용하여 3주간 계속적으로 채취하였으며, 대기중 삼중수소는 액체섬광계수기(Liquid scintillation counter)를 이용하여 계측하였다. 대기중 HTO의 농도는 3.2-36 mBq $m^{-3}$ (평균 : 16.2 mBq $m^{-3}$)이었으며, 여름철에 높고 겨울철에 낮은 농도를 나타내었다. 이러한 경향은 대기중 절대습도의 변화와 유사하였다. 한편, 대전지역 대기 수분중삼중수소의 비방사능 농도는 0.62-3.82 Bq $L^{-3}$ 범위의 값을 나타내었으며, 대기중 HT는 35.7-48.9 mBq $m^{-3}$(평균 : 41.1 mBq $m^{-3}$)의 농도범위를 나타내었다.