• Mycobiology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.210-213
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• 2013

The objectives of this study were to evaluate applicability of food waste compost (FWC) as a substrate for cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinula edodes, and Pholiota adipose, and to determine contents of Ca, Mg, Na, and K in fruiting bodies (FB). FB yield per substrate in FWC-free controls was $53{\pm}4g/kg$ for G. lucidum, $270{\pm}90g/kg$ for L. edodes, and $1,430{\pm}355g/kg$ for P. adipose. Substrates supplemented with FWC showed the highest FB production at FWC content of 10% for G. lucidum ($64{\pm}6g/kg$), and 13% for L. edodes ($665{\pm}110g/kg$) and P. adipose ($2,345{\pm}395g/kg$), which were 1.2~2.5 times higher than the values for the controls. P. adipose contained higher amounts of mineral elements than the other species. Ca, Mg, Na, and K content in FB did not show a significant relation to FWC content.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1857-1864
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• 2018

Phthalate plasticizers residue in food is a serious threat to public health. Spores of Ganoderma lucidum are easy to be contaminated with phthalates during collection and processing. In this study, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was performed to remove phthalates in spores of G. lucidum, and the effects on acid and peroxide values of spores' oil were also evaluated. The results showed SFE removed 100% of the residual di-iso-butyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate in the spores of G. lucidum. No significant differences in polysaccharides content and fatty acid composition were observed between SFE and control spores. However, the triterpenoid extracts of SFE spores had a 7.45% increase, significantly higher than that in control spores. Accelerated oxidation tests further implied that SFE could improve the stability of spores' oil. Our results suggested SFE is a potential approach to remove phthalate from food related products.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.230-234
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• 1988

Ganoderma lucidum, a divine mushroom, beared the nonbasidiocarpus basidiospore without the normal basidiocarp. The fungus formed the basidial stroma from the aerial mycelium on agar media, and the basidium was developed from apical cells of the mycelium on the surface of the basidial stroma. One to four basidiospores were observed on a basidium. The nonbasidiocarpous basidiospores formed on the basidial stroma were similar to the normal basidiospores in morphology, although the nonbasidiocarpus basidiospores were slightly smaller in size. However, the number of hollow on the spore surface was remarkably smaller than that of the normal spore. The formation of nonbasidiocarpous basidiosproes was influenced by the genetic factor and the environmental factors such as light, temperature and ventilation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1106-1112
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• 2007

This report provides the complete nucleotide sequences of the full-length cDNA encoding squalene synthase (SQS) and its genomic DNA sequence from a triterpene-producing fungus, Ganoderma lucidum. The cDNA of the squalene synthase (SQS) (GenBank Accession Number: DQ494674) was found to contain an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,404 bp encoding a 468-amino-acid polypeptide, whereas the SQS genomic DNA sequence (GenBank Accession Number: DQ494675) consisted of 1,984 bp and contained four exons and three introns. Only one gene copy was present in the G. lucidum genome. The deduced amino acid sequence of Ganoderma lucidum squalene synthase (GI-SQS) exhibited a high homology with other fungal squalene synthase genes and contained six conserved domains. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that G. lucidum SQS belonged to the fungi SQS group, and was more closely related to the SQS of U. maydis than to those of other fungi. A gene expression analysis showed that the expression level was relatively low in mycelia incubated for 12 days, increased after 14 to 20 days of incubation, and reached a relatively high level in the mushroom primordia. Functional complementation of GI-SQS in a SQS-deficient strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae confirmed that the cloned cDNA encoded a squalene synthase.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.38-41
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• 2004

Compatibility test of the 115 world-wide collections of Ganoderma strains including 61 of Korean origin, were performed by di-mon mating with tester strains G. lucidum G001-1 ($A_1B_1$) and G. tsugae 1109-16 ($A_1B_1$). Unexpected results were found in that 75 strains, formerly considered to be G. lucidum exhibited clamp connections in mating with the tester 1109-16. This observation suggests that these strains require further examination prior to taxonomic classification. Interestingly, this compatibility could be confirmed more easily by the finding of distinct confrontation line between two strains on plate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.381-386
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• 1990

This study was investigated the effects of water soluble extract of Ganoderma lucidum kale juice and soidium dextrothyroxine on lipid components in serum of hypercholesterolmemic rats in vivo in order to prevent in cardiovascular disease. Total cholesterol concentrations in serum were significantly increased after feeding cholesterol diet group compared with control group and were significantly increased after feeding cholesterol diet group compared with control group and were lower in Ganoderma lucidum kale juice and sodium dextrothyrioxine diet groups than in control group. Ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol were significantly highest in sodium dextrothyroxine fed groups among diet groups and were higher in Ganodrma lucidum and kale juice fed group than in control group. Phospholipid concentrations in seurm were significantly lower in Ganoderma lucidum kale juice and sodium dextrothyroxine(1.25mg/kg diet) fed groups than in control group and triglyceride concentra-tions were lower in Ganderma lucidum sodium dextrothyroxine fed groups than in other groups. Triiodothyronine concentration in serum were lower in Ganoerma lucdum and kale juice fed groups than in the other groups while it was higher in sodium dextrothyroxine diet group than in other groups. Tetraiodothyronine concentrations is serum were remakably higher in sodium dextrothyroxine fed group than in other groups. Blood glucose concentration was lower in cholesterol diet group than in other groups but was higher in sodium dextrothyroxine diet group than in other groups.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the feasibility of Salix gracilistyla production for cosmetic use through mycelial fermentation. The efficacy of this method was confirmed by fermentation using the mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum (a representative medicinal mushroom). Total polyphenol and flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging activity of S. gracilistyla extract (SGE) were found to be higher than those of G. lucidum fermented S. gracilistyla extract (GLSGE). GLSGE had relatively lower collagenase activity than SGE. However, GLSGE increased HDFn cell viability more potently than SGE, and increased the biosynthesis of type I procollagen. Thus, GLSGE could be used as an anti-aging cosmetic active ingredient. These results indicate that extract fermentation using G. lucidum mycelia can effectively enhance some beneficial effects of functional materials.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 1991

Fruit bodies of Ganoderma lucidum have been used for most pharmacological studies, but pharmacological effects are likely variable because the habitats and strains of Ganoderma lucidum are different. Therefore, their fermentation is required to produce constant and reliable pharmacolo­gical constituents from Ganoderma lucidum. During the studies of medium for industrial application. it was found that ginseng root residues, remaining after being extracted with ethanol, were a good carbon source for a fermentation of Genoderma lucidum and a corn steep liquor was also economical for the nitrogen source. Yield of the mycelial cultured in ginseng root residues and corn steep liquor was 2.5 times higher than that in glucose and peptone, known as a conventional medium of Ganoderma lucidum. The polysaccharide content of the extracts from the cultured mycelia was higher than that from fruit bodies, but protein content was vice versa. Extracts of the cultured mycelia were more effective and lasting than extracts of the fruit bodies in decreased hypertention of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.515-522
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• 2006

A cDNA library of Ganoderma lucidum has been constructed using a Zap Express cloning vector. A glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gpd) was isolated from this library by hybridization of the recombinant phage clones with a gpd-specific gene probe generated by PCR. By comparison of the cDNA and the genomic DNA sequences, it was found that the complete nucleotide sequence encodes a putative polypeptide chain of 338 amino acids interrupted by 6 introns. The predicted amino acid sequence of this gene shows a high degree of sequence similarity to the GPD proteins from yeast and filamentous fungi. The promoter region contains a CT-rich stretch, two CAAT boxes, and a consensus TATA box. The possibility of using the gpd promoter in the construction of new transformation vectors is discussed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1055-1060
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• 2004

A new inhibitor for peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) has been isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and purified to homogeneous state by organic solvent extraction. The purified PPIase inhibitor (GPI) is assumed to be a membrane-associated glycoprotein. GPI inhibits specifically the bovine brain PPIase, a cyclophilin, and has no effect on the FKBP activity. The results of our chemical modification study of GPI indicate the presence of Lys residue(s) at or near its binding site. Like CsA-cyclophilin complex, GPI-bovine brain PPIase complex strongly inhibits the calcineurin activity in vitro, suggesting the possible involvement of GPI in immunomodulating pathway by the formation of PPIase-inhibitor-calcineurin complex.