• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2012

Current estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock agriculture in Korea was based on Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (1996 IPCC GL) published in 1996 and emission data were published in National Inventory Report. New guideline book, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2006 IPCC GL), however, was published in 2006. Hence preparation to apply new guideline for the estimation of GHG emission would be necessary. In this study, 1996 IPCC GL and 2006 IPCC GL for livestock agriculture were compared. Estimated GHG emissions based on Tier 1 methods of 1996 IPCC GL and 2006 IPCC GL between 2000 and 2008 were also compared. Estimated GHG emissions based on 2006 IPCC GL were 1.27~1.33 times higher than those based on 1996 IPCC GL. These results were mainly caused by emission factors of each IPCC GL. More researches should be conducted to decrease uncertainties of national GHG inventories.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2006

모바일 환경에서 고급 그래픽스 기술을 적용하고자 하는 시도로 최근 3D 그래픽 엔진을 탑재한 단말기가 출시되고 있다. 이 단말기는 OpenGL ES 1.x을 기준으로 고정된 파이프라인을 통해 그래픽 연산을 처리하고 있으므로 사용자가 다양한 그래픽 표현을 수행하는데 제약이 따른다. 최근 PC 환경의 그래픽 엔진에서는 고정 기능의 파이프라인이 아닌 프로그래밍 가능한 파이프라인을 제공하여 기존 고정 파이프라인에서 불가능했던 유연한 그래픽스 기술을 제공하고 있다. PC환경의 프로그래밍 가능한 파이프라인은 DirectX와 OpenGL 그래픽 라이브러리에 의해 제공되고 있지만, 모바일 환경에서는 이를 지원하기 위한 관련 제품이 아직 출시되지 않고 있는 상태이다. 본 논문에서는 2005년 9원에 발표된 프로그레밍 가능한 그래픽스 파이프라인에 대한 표준인 OpenGL ES 2.0에 기반한 효율적인 셰이더 구조와 이 의 구동방식을 제시한다. 본 연구는 PC상에서 소프트웨어로 개발되었고, 연구 결과는 그래픽스 하드웨어 설계를 위한 검증용으로 사용될 수 있을 뿐 아니라 응용 프로그래머의 모바일 콘텐츠 제작을 위하여 활용될 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

We investigated the capability of the phosphate-solubilizing fungus, Penicillium sp. GL-101, to solubilize in vitro some insoluble rock phosphate via possible mechanisms: acidification of the medium, production of chelating metabolites, redox activity, and so on. GL-101 was able to solubilize rock phosphate (mostly calcium phosphate) in a liquid potato dextrose broth(PDB) medium, as determined by spectrophotometric analyses. Acidification was the major mechanism of solubilization since the pH of cultures fell below 4.0 and in cultures containing 1.0%(w/v) loess the pH dropped from 7.0 to 3.2. More than 10 mg/mL concentrations of citric acids were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) in the culture supernatants. Also this fungus showed the phosphatase activity (over 1.3 unit) to contribute partially releasing phosphate from rock phosphate, when supplemented with 1.0% loess in culture broth. The chelating activity of GL-101 in culture supernatants was not present because 2-ketogluconic acid, a chelating agent for the phosphate, was produced only a basal level. Therefore, the solubilization mechanism of rock phosphate by Penicillium sp. GL-101 involves both acidification due to citric acid production and phosphatase activity.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.204-214
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• 2013

This research was performed to evaluate Vibrio fischeri toxicity for TNT-contaminated soils treated by composting and slurry phase bioreactor, which were operated for 45 and 200 days, respectively. In case of composting, the GL value of acetone-added soil was 40, which was lower than th at of glucose-added soil after treatment. In case of slurry phase bioreactors under anaerobic, anaerobic/aerobic, and aerobic regimes, they showed the GL values of 6, 8, and 4 after treatment, respectively. It was evaluated that the toxicity of all slurry phase bioreactors was reduced significantly to detoxification. The relationships between GL value and the number of S. typhimurium in both composting and slurry phase bioreactor were developed as the first order equations with high correlation coefficient (r > 0.8890).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 2015

Objective : Degenerative changes in the cervical spine are commonly accompanied by cervical kyphosis which can cause neck pain. This study examined the relationship between neck pain and cervical alignment. Methods : A total of 323 female nursing staff from our hospital were enrolled. Sagittal radiographs of the cervical spine, Body Mass Index (BMI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) measures of neck and arm pain, Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36 scores) were obtained and reviewed retrospectively. Global lordosis (GL) of the cervical spine was measured on radiograph images. Correlations between GL and questionnaire scores were investigated using the following three methods : 1) correlation between GL and questionnaire scores among the entire sample; 2) subgroup analysis of patients with "kyphosis (KYP) : GL scores<0" vs. those with "lordosis (LOR) : GL scores>0" on questionnaire measures; and 3) subgroup analysis of patients with pain vs. those without pain, on GL and questionnaire measures. Results : There was no significant correlation between GL and any questionnaire measure. There was a significant difference between the mean GLs of the KYP and LOR groups, but there were no group differences in BMI, age or any questionnaire measures. There was no difference between the pain (n=92) and pain-free (n=231) groups in age, BMI or GL, but there were differences in neck, and arm pain, and physical function and NDI scores. Conclusions : Our data suggest that kyphotic deformity was not associated with neck pain.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.531-538
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the effects of garlic on uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) transcriptional regulation of UCP2-luciferase transgenic mice fed on a high fat diet to induce obesity. To examine the transcriptional regulation of UCP2, we generated transgenic mice with a UCP2 promoter (-1,830/+30 bp) containing luciferase as a reporter gene. UCP2-luciferase transgenic mice were fed a 45% high-fat diet for 8 weeks to induce obesity. Subsequently, mice were maintained on either a high-fat control diet (TG-CON), or high-fat diets supplemented with 2% (TG-GL2) or 5% (TG-GL5) garlic for a further 8 weeks. Dietary garlic reduced body weight and energy efficiency ratio in the TG-GL5 group, compared to the TG-CON group. Furthermore, garlic supplementation significantly decreased white adipose tissue fat mass and plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and leptin in the TG-GL2 and TG-GL5 groups, compared to the TG-CON group. Specifically, UCP2 promoter activity in metabolic tissues such as liver, white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle was increased by garlic supplementation. These results suggest that dietary garlic was partially associated with an increase of UCP2 transcriptional activity in metabolic tissues for decreasing obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.83-86
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• 1987

Lipids extracted and purified from Herbs Capsellae leaf ana root were studied, To investigate those, silicic acid column chromatography, TLC, GLC was used for analysis of lipids and Fatty acids composition. Following results were obtained. 1. From result of total lipid classes in Herba Capsellae leaf and root, NL were obtained 62.6%, 58.5% respectly. GL 20.8%, 17,8%. PL 16.6%, 23.7%, respectively. 2. Among the NL in Herba capsellae leaf and root, TG were predominant 77.5%, 80.3%, respectly. SE 9.2%, 8.4%. FFA 4.8%, 3.4%. 1.2-DG 4.1%, 3.6%. FS 2.2%, 2.2%. and 1, 3-DG 1.3%, 1.0%, in turn. 3. The major fatty acids in the lipid classes were linoic acid, palmitic acid, oleid acid, in all. And total unsaturated fatty acid was NL 78.0%, GL 66.6%, and PL 75.2% in Herbs capsellae leaf, and NL 66.1% GL 63.6% and PL 61.2% in Herbs capsellae root.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.183-185
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• 2013

As mobile devices have developed, flash animations suitable for the existing web have solved part of the weakness caused by the image quality deterioration and the transmission capacity, but it is difficult to express 3D stereo-scopic images. Also, for the real time-randering of visual expressions for animation and the device technique for smartphone to accord with commercial demands, it is required to develop the 3D image processing technique. This paper studied on the image processing method for 3D animation capable of 3D graphic rendering with view system of android and OpenGL M3G in an embedded system device and OpenGL ES 2.0 library.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 1993

Eighty two soil samples were nation widely collected from nine places in Korea. Each soils were used as the inocula for the pot culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The twenty two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were successfully cultured by using the small pots under the conditions of green house and identified under light microscopes. Out of them, the five species were first isolated and decribed in Korea; Acaulospora morrowiae, A. rugosa, A. longula, Glomus fecundisporum, Gl. deserticolar. Three species of genus Glomus were not identified and Glomus clarum reporeted by Eom and Lee (1989) was redescribed.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.330-333
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• 2011

TIP 기술은 2D 그림 또는 한 장의 사진으로부터 기하정보를 추출하여 3 차원 입체 효과를 만들어 영상 내부를 네비게이션할 수 있는 기술로써, 게임, 엔터테인먼트, 교육, 홍보 등 다양한 분야에서 요구되는 주요기술이다. 본 논문에서는 최근 대두되고 있는 스마트 device 의 platform 가운데 하나인 android platform 상에서의 OpenGL ES Library 를 이용한 TIP 기술 적용 및 구현 기술을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 전경객체의 추출이 어려운 상황을 감안하여 보다 사실적 장면 구성이 용이하도록 사용자의 선택에 의한 소실점을 이용하고, OpenGL ES Library 를 이용하여 3D 배경 모델을 획득하고, 이미지를 텍스쳐 매핑하여 3D 가상공간을 완성한 후 카메라의 시점 변환을 통해 이미지 내부를 네베게이션할 수 있도록 한다. 실험영상은 android platform 상의 device 에서 촬영한 이미지를 사용하고, android 2.1 및 OpenGL ES 1.0 기반으로 구축함으로써, 제안 기술을 다양한 android platform smart device 에서 적은 비용과 시간으로 응용 개발에 효과적으로 적용 가능하도록 구현하였다.