• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2008

Application of genotype by environment ($G\;{\times}\;E$) interaction would be used for identifying optimum test condition of the varietal adaptation in the establishment of breeding purpose. Yield and yield components were used to perform additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis. Significant difference for $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction were observed for all variable examined. For yield, 0.18 of total sum of squares corresponded to $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction. Correlation analysis was carried out between genotypic scores of the first interaction principal component axis (IPCA 1) for agronomic characters. Significant correlations were observed between IPCA 1 for yield and capsule bearing stem length (CBSL), number of capsule per plant (NOC). The biplot of grain yield means for IPCA1 which accounted for 34% of the variation in total treatment sums of squares showed different reaction according to $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction, genotypes and environments. Taegu showed relatively lower positive IPCA1 scores, and it also showed smaller coefficient variation of yield mean where it is recommendable as a optimal site for the sesame cultivar adaptation and evaluation trial. In case of variables, Yangbaek and M1 showed relatively lower IPCA1 scores, but the score direction showed opposite each other on the graph. Ansan, Miryang1, Miryang4, and Miryang6 seemed to be similar group in view of yield response against IPCA1 scores. These results will be helpful to select experimental site for sesame in Korea to minimize $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction for the selection of promising genotype with higher stability.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.65-67
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• 2003

This study was conducted to analyze the effects of genotypes, environments and interaction of G$\times$E on yields of sesame grown in seven different environments by AMMI analysis. Environments accounted for the largest (91 %) proportion of the sums of squares, followed by G$\times$E (8%) and genotypes (1%) Therefore, G$\times$E effects are theoretically eight times as important as G effects. G2 (Yanghukkae) has the largest IPCAI scores indicating higher G$\times$E interaction. G3 (Suwon 171) was near zero score of IPCAI suggesting higher stability than others in yield component. Most of environments except for Iksan area shows different G$\times$E effects by years, which means Iksan is optimal area for multi-environmental adaptation evaluation in sesame breeding programs. According to this experiment, it is concluded that maximization of grain yield through environments can be achieved by specific genotypes in specific environments.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.316-321
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• 2000

Blast severity data of 39 rice varieties at 11 sites in Korea from 1997 to 1999 were analyzed using AMMI model and pattern analysis. Genotype x Environment (G$\times$E) interaction sum of squares (SS) accounted for 12 % of the total SS. Eight genotype groups and seven location groups were identified based on blast reaction pattern. The data obtained from over 21 sites with 44 test varieties from 1981 to 1996 were also considered. These were compared with the 1997-1999 data using the G$\times$E analysis results. Majority of the variability in the Korean Rice Blast Nursery (KRBN) were attributable to variations due to genotypes. Variations of G$\times$E interaction were maintained though test sites were reduced from 21 to 11 sites. Broadly compatible biological discriminative varieties identified were Nagdongbyeo and Akibare while broadly incompatible biological discriminative varieties identified were Hangangchalbyeo and Seogwangbyeo. Key sites for future evaluation work could be selected from location groups. Each location group should be represented by the site with the strongest interaction pattern. Blast responses in Cheolwon, Gyehwa, Suwon, Iksan, and Icheon showed different patterns from other locations.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.349-354
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• 2015

The AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) and GGE (genotype main effect and genotype by environment interaction) biplot which were accounted for a substantial part of total sum of square in the analysis of variance suggested to be more appropriate models for explaining G $\times$ E interaction. The grain yield of total ten sesame genotypes was significantly affected by environment which explained 61% of total variation, whereas genotype and genotype x environment interaction (G $\times$ E) were explained 16%, 24% respectively. From the results of experiment, three genotypes Miryang49, Koppoom and Ansan were unstable, whereas other three genotypes Kyeongbuk18, Miryang50 and Kanghuk which were shorter projections to AEA ordinate were relatively stable over the environments. Yangbak which was closeness to the mean yield and short projection of the genotype marker lines was regarded as genotype indicating good performance with stability. Ansan, Miryang48 and Yangbaek showed the best performance in the environments of Naju, Suwon, Iksan and Andong. Similarly, genotype Miyrang47 exhibited the best performance in the environments of Chuncheon and Miryang. Andong is the closest to the ideal environment, and therefore, is the most desirable among eight environments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.401-409
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• 1992

Genotype $\times$ environment (G $\times$ E) interactions must be understood if they are to be exploited to improve animal production, particularly in production systems associated with large environmental variations. The measurement and evaluation of G $\times$ E are discussed. Examples are presented that demonstrate G $\times$ E in different breeds of beef cattle for high temperatures, internal and external parasites and changes in quantity and quality of nutrition. It is demonstrated that productivity differences between genotypes or breeds under grazing conditions arise because of differences between genotypes in the combination of production potential and resistance to environmental stresses in relation to the levels of the relevant environmental stresses that are operating at the time. The $F_1$ cross between genotypes with high production potential (e.g. European Bos Taurus breeds) and those with high resistance to environmental stress (e.g. Asian and African Bos indicus and sanga breeds) is an exceptional genotype with a unique combination of these two sets of attributes. The principles for G $\times$ E developed for beef cattle are briefly discussed in relation to dairy cattle, pigs, poultry and buffalo.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.3147-3152
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• 1973

The factors to influence the travelling distance of sprayed particles for the medium range nozzle may by the groove depth of swirl plate, the cap slope, the diameter of cap hole, and pressure. 1. This study was conducted to examine Interaction effects among four factors to the travelling distance. The results of this study are summarized as followa; a) Interaction effects among four factors the groove depth(G), cap slope(C), diameter of cap hole(D), and pressure (P), were significant to influence the travelling distance except for $G{\times}P,\;C{\times}D{\times}P\;and\;G{\times}C{\times}D{\times}P$. b) Interaction effects with the pressure were very smaller than interaction effects among the other factors. c) Effect of change of the groove depth of swirl plate on the travelling distance of sprayed particles was generally a linear, the increasing rate of the change was about 0.345, which was very significant. d) Effect of change of cap slope on the travelling distance was generally a linear or a dull quadratic, the increasing rate was very small. e) Main effect of change of cap slope in the medium range nozzle was very smaller than that of the close range nozzle on the travelling distance, which was estimated by the changing of turning radius of flowing course in nozzle. f) Interaction effect between two factors in the medium range nozzle was more significant than that of the close range nozzle on the travelling distance.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 찰벼의 찰기에 대한 유전적 효과와 환경적 변이에 대한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 수행하였다. 이를 위해 6개 환경 조건에서 6종 찰벼 품종을 이용하여 찰기에 대한 유전자와 환경의 (Genotype-by-Environment, $G{\times}E$) 상호작용 분석을 하였다. AMMI 분석모델에 의한 환경(재배지역, E), 유전자(품종, G), 유전자와 환경 상호 작용($G{\times}E$) 효과 모두에서 고도의 유의성이 있었다(P<0.001). 찰기에 대한 전체 변이중에서 환경효과는 24.5%, 유전적 효과는 37.1%, 상호작용 효과는 28.9%이었다. 유전자와 환경의 상호작용 분석에서 아랑향찰(G6, IPCA1: 3.85) 및 화선찰(G4, IPCA: -5.24)는 다른 품종보다 IPCA1 값이 낮아 환경에 대한 상호작용 효과가 낮았고, 유전자 효과가 높은 품종들이었다. 반면, 상주찰(G1, IPCA1: -61.23) 및 보석찰(G2, IPCA1: 41.21)은 IPCA1 값이 높아 환경의 효과에 의해 영향을 크게 받는 품종이었다. 따라서 이들 품종들은 환경 특이적 특성을 나타낸다고 할 수 있다. 이상의 본 시험의 결과 찰벼 품종을 이용한 찰떡의 찰기는 지역에 따라 달라짐을 보여주는 결과이다. 따라서 찰벼의 품종 육성 단계에서 지역별 찹쌀 수량, 병해충 등 재배 안정성 뿐만 아니라 찰벼의 이용목적인 찰기에 대한 안정성도 검토가 필요할 것이다. 더불어 밥쌀용 품종의 식미를 높이기 위한 적합한 환경조건에 대한 선행 연구를 참고하여 찰벼의 찰기를 높일 수 있는 환경조건에 대한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.453-458
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• 2001

강원도 지역에 적응성이 있는 품종을 선정하기 위해서 5개 시험지에서 11개 품종으로 1997년부터 2000년 동안에 수행된 결과를 분석하였다. 품종이 가지고 있는 유전적 특성은 환경요인과의 상호작용을 거쳐 발현되므로 장려품종을 선정하기 위하여 수행하는 다지역검정에서 이 유전자-환경간 상호작용을 평가하는 것은 품종의 환경안정성과 지역적응성을 올바르게 파악하는 데 매우 중요하다. 이를 위해서 기존에 활용되어 온 회귀분석모델로서 안정성을 분석하였고 AMMI model로서 지역별 수량성 반응의 변화양상을 토대로 유전자-환경간간의 상호작용을 해석하면서 각 시험지별 적응성 품종과 지역적 특성을 검토하였다. 1. 각 시험지에 대한 수량안정성 평가를 위한 회귀분석 결과 오봉벼, 진미벼, 신운봉벼, 운봉벼 등이 안정성이 있는 품종이었다. 2. AMMI 분석에 의한 수량성에 대한 분산분석 결과 전 변이중 품종변이가 66％, 품종-환경간 상호작용변이가 21％, 지역간 변이가 13％였다. 21％의 품종-환경간 상호작용 변이는 주성분분석을 통하여 제1주성분치(IPCAl)와 제2주성분치 (IPCA2)에 의해서 거의(92％) 해석되었다. 3. 품종들의 지역간 수량성 변화패턴은 육성모지나 시험지 등에 영향을 받았고, 5개 시험지의 수량변화 양상은 철원과 정선, 춘천과 고성이 비슷하였고 강릉은 다르게 구분되었다. 품종-환경간 상호작용 양상이 축약된 주성분분석치와 시험지별 재배기간동안의 순별 평균 기상자료와의 상관분석 결과를 기준으로 품종과 환경간의 상호작용에 관여하는 주요 기상요인은 초상최저온도, 최소상대습도, 일조시수 강수량 등이었다. 4. 비교적 환경안정성이 있는 품종으로는 오대벼, 오봉벼, 진부벼 등이었다. 철원에 적응성이 있는 품종은 진부벼, 신운봉벼, 오대벼, 오봉벼 등에었고, 춘천에는 진미벼 상주벼, 오대벼, 오봉벼가 정선, 강릉, 고성에는 진부찰벼, 삼천벼, 둔내벼 , 운봉벼, 진부올벼가 적응성이 있었다. 0.57, Fe 0.414, p 94.68, fat 3.74, protein 3.08, lactose 4.68,4. In case of processed market cow′s milk ; Ca 134.72, K 142.74, Mg 10.33, Na 45.07, Zn 0.50, Fe 0.650, p 92.48, fat 3.72, protein 3.07, lactose 4.74. According to the group of market milk(milk, fortified market row′s milk, processed market cow′s milk), the mean concentration of Ca and Fe were significantly higher in fortified and processed milk than milk(p<0.05). There were no significant differences in macronutrient(fat, protein, lactose) and mineral contents between pasteurized milk and UHT(ultra high temperature) treated milk($\alpha$=0.05). The labeled "Nutritional Facts" of market milk were satisfied with "Labeling Standards for Livestock Products of Korea". The measured mean concentrations of Ca, Fe, Zn were generally higher than lower limit of labeled value(above 80% of labeled value). The mean concentration of sodium was lower than upper limit of labeled value(below 120％

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2014

This work was conducted to identify mungbean genotypes showing yield stability and resistance to mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease. Sixteen genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with two replications for two years (2011 and 2012) at three locations (Gazipur, Ishurdi and Madaripur) of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. An analysis of variance exhibited significant effects of genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype ${\times}$ environment ($G{\times}E$) on grain yield. Among eight agronomic characters, the principal component 1 (PC1) was always higher than the PC2. Considering $G{\times}E$ interaction, BM6 was the best genotype at all three locations in both years. Based on grain yield and stability performance, BM6 ranked first while the worst performing genotypes were BM1 and G10. Based on discrimination and representation, Gazipur was identified as an ideal environment for these mungbeans. Relationship between soil-plant analysis developments (SPAD) value was positive with yield but negative with MYMV severity. BM6, G1 and G2 were considered as promising sources of resistance for low disease score and stable response across the environments. The environment proved to have an influence on MYMV infection under natural infestation. A positive correlation was observed between disease score and the temperature under natural growing condition.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2000

The environment in which a given genotype is grown may influence its grain quality characteristics. When varieties are $\times$ evaluated over numerous environments, a variety environment interaction usually is observed, but the relative magnitude of environmental(E), genetic(G), and G $\times$ E effects on quality is unclear. In order to determine relative contribution of genotype, environment, and G $\times$ E interaction to the variations observed in grain quality characteristics, 18 Korean wheat cultivars and experimental lines were evaluated in two environments in 1998 and 1999. Correlation coefficients between grain quality and agronomic characteristics were also estimated. The analysis of variance for the optical density obtained by reaction bet- ween gliadin and anti-gliadin polyclonal antibody (AGPab) indicated that gliadin content measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) was significantly in- fluenced by environment and cultivar differences. The significant differences of year and year $\times$ location were also found. The ratio of the variances associated with environmental effects to the variances associated with genetic effect gave relatively greater influence of environmental factor on gliadin content. The different protein content from same genotype grown in different environment might be associated with degree of storage protein accumulations. Significant relationships between ELISA and protein content, yield, ten spike weight, and ten spike number were detected. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was significantly influenced by year, location, cultivar and year $\times$ location. The variance in grain PPO activities among growing years appeared larger than the variation produced by the cultivar examined. This suggested that the growing environment contributed more to variability in grain PPO concentration.