• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 대한음성학회 2004년도 춘계 학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.199-204
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to find prosodic characteristics in voice imitation. Speakers change various phonetic features in voice imitation. Speakers change their pitch ranges in the most cases. Especially, the pitch range is important for word conditions. And, as imitators change the voice, the average value of f0 is close to high frequence than low frequence or middle level.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.391-395
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• 2000

In this study, the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency(TC $F_{r}$), dielectric and piezoelectric properties of Pb[(S $b_{1}$2/N $b_{1}$2/)$_{0.0035}$-(M $n_{1}$3/N $b_{2}$3/)$_{0.0065}$-(Z $r_{x}$ $Ti_{1-x}$ )$_{0.90}$] $O_3$ceramics is investigated with Zr/Ti ratio. The dielectric constant and electromechanical coupling factor( $k_{p}$) showed the highest values of 1257, 0.562 respectively when the Zr/Ti ratio is 49.5/50.5. The mechanical quality factor( $Q_{m}$) is the lowest value of 713 when the Zr/Ti ratio is 49.5/50.5, and increased with the decrease of the Zr/Ti ratio. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency(TC $F_{r}$) change abruptly at the morphotropic phase boundary(MPB), which is between the rhombohedral phase with highly negative TC $F_{r}$ of -106ppm/$^{\circ}C$ and the tetragonal phase with highly positive TC $F_{r}$ of +64pp $m^{\circ}C$ as Zr/Ti ratio changes from 50/50 to 49.5/50.5.50.5..5.50.5.5.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.795-806
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• 2007

We investigate F-traceless component of the conformal curvature tensor defined by (3.6) in $K\ddot{a}hler$ manifolds of dimension ${\geq}4$, and show that the F-traceless component is invariant under concircular change. In particular, we determine $K\ddot{a}hler$ manifolds with parallel F-traceless component and improve some theorems, provided in the previous paper([2]), which are concerned with the traceless component of the conformal curvature tensor and the spectrum of the Laplacian acting on $p(0{\leq}p{\leq}2)$-forms on the manifold by using the F-traceless component.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제30권3_4호
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• pp.517-529
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• 2012

In this paper, the existence theorem of two positive solutions is established for nonlinear m-point boundary value problem by using an inequality for the following third-order differential equations $$({\phi}(u^{\prime\prime}))^{\prime}+a(t)f(t,u(t))=0,\;t{\in}(0,1)$$, $${\phi}(u^{\prime\prime}(0))=\sum^{m-2}_{i=1}a_i{\phi}(u^{\prime\prime}({\xi}_i)),\;u^{\prime}(1)=0,\;u(0)=\sum^{m-2}_{i=1}b_iu({\xi}_i)$$, where ${\phi}:R{\rightarrow}R$ is an increasing homeomorphism and homomorphism and $\phi(0)=0$. The nonlinear term f may change sign, as an application, an example to demonstrate our results is given.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.140-144
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• 2014

Co-(0.7 wt%) and Pr-(2.0, 3.5 or 5.0 wt%) doped cubic zirconia ($ZrO_2:Y_2O_3=50:50wt%$) single crystals grown by a skull melting method were heat-treated in $N_2$ at $1150^{\circ}C$ for 5 hrs. The brown colored as-grown single crystals were changed into either dark brownish green, greenish blue and light green color after the heat treatment. Before and after the heat treatment, the YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia) single crystals were cut for wafer form (${\phi}7.5mm{\times}t3mm$). The optical and structural properties were examined by UV-VIS spectrophotometer and X-ray diffraction. Absorption by $Co^{2+}$(${\fallingdotseq}589nm$: ${\Gamma}_8[^4A_2(^4F)]{\rightarrow}{\Gamma}_8+{\Gamma}_7[^4T_1(^4F)]$, ${\fallingdotseq}610nm$: ${\Gamma}_8[^4A_2(^4F)]{\rightarrow}{\Gamma}_8[^4T_1(^4F)]$], ${\fallingdotseq}661nm$: ${\Gamma}_8[^4A_2(^4F)]{\rightarrow}{\Gamma}_6[^4T_1(^4F)]$]) and $Pr^{3+}$(${\fallingdotseq}450nm$: ${^3}H{_4}-{^3}P{_2}$, ${\fallingdotseq}473nm$: ${^3}H{_4}{\rightarrow}{^3}P{_1}$, ${\fallingdotseq}484nm$: ${^3}H{_4}{\rightarrow}{^3}P{_0}$), change of ionization energy and lattice parameter were confirmed.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2023

Previous studies have established a role for cognitive differences in explaining variability in speech processing across individuals. In the case of perceptual cue weighting in the context of a sound change, studies have produced conflicting results regarding the relationship between executive function and the use of redundant cues. The current study aimed to explore this relationship in acoustic cue weighting during speech production. Forty-one Korean-speaking children read a list of stop-initial words and completed two tests that assess executive function, i.e., Dimensional Change Card Sorting (DCCS) and digit n-back. Voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0) were measured in each word, and analyses were carried out to determine the extent to which children's executive function predicted their use of both informative and less informative cues to the three pairs comprising the Korean three-way stop laryngeal contrast. No evidence was found for a relationship between cognitive ability and acoustic cue weighting in production, which is at odds with previous, albeit conflicting, results for speech perception. While this result may be due to the lack of task demands in the production task used here, it nevertheless expands the empirical ground upon which future work in this area may proceed.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.187-202
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• 1989

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of indomethacin on prostaglandins in 4-Nitroquinoline-N-Oxide (4-NQO) induced palatal carcinoma of albino rats. 128 Sprague-Dawley strain albino rats-about 100g in body weight-were used in this study, divided into as belows; 1. Normal group (16-albino rats) with no treatment, 2. Control group (16-albino rats) treated with prophylene application onto palatal mucosa 3 times a week. 3. Experimental group I (48-albino rats) treated with 0.5% 4-NQO in prophylene application onto palatal mucosa 3 times a week. 4. Experimental group II (48-albino rats) treated with 0.5% 4-NQO in prophylene application with administered $20{\mu}g/ml$ of indomethacin in drinking water ad. lib. Four animals were sacrificed 7th, 13th, 19th, and 25th week respectively in normal and control group, and 7th, 9th, 11th, 13th, 15th, 17th, 19th, 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th and 29th week respectively in experimental group I and II at each time. The palatal and lingual tissues were excised and kept frozen at $-70^{\circ}C$. Densitometer scan and Beta-counting counter were used for the thin layer chromatography of the arachidonic acid metabolites. The obtained results were as belows; 1. In normal and control group, there was little change of the arachidonic acid metabolites during experiment period, and the tissue homogenates included prostaglandin $D_2$, 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$, prostaglandin $E_2$, thromboxane $B_2$, prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ in that order of relative abundances. 2. In experimental group I, prostaglandin $D_2$, and prostaglandin $E_2$ were increased, while 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ and thromboxane $B_2$ were decreased in relative abundances of arachidonic acid metabolites. And there was little change in prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ 3. In experimental group II, prostaglandin $D_2$, and prostaglandin $E_2$ were increased, while 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ and thromboxane $B_2$ were decreased in relative abundances of arachidonic acid metabolites. And there was little change in prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ also. 4. In the range of increase in prostaglandin $D_2$, and prostaglandin $E_2$, and that of decrease in 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ and thromboxane $B_2$, in relative abundances, there was wider in experimental group I than in group II. 5. In the range of increase in prostaglandin $D_2$, and prostaglandin $E_2$, and that of decrease in 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ and thromboxane $B_2$, in relative abundances, there was wider in palatal mucosa than in lingual mucosa in experimental group I and II.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.605-613
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• 1999

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate cardiovascular regulation during passive standing (PS) after ethanol ingestion by spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in flushed and nonflushed subjects. Of 24 young male subjects, 8 belonged to flushed group (F) and 16 to nonflushed group (NF). Two sessions of 10-min PS were performed before and after ethanol (0.5 g/kg) ingestion. Powers of R-R interval variability in very low frequency $(VLF,\;0{\sim}0.05\;Hz),$ low frequency $(LF,\;0.05{\sim}0.15\;Hz)$ and high frequency $(HF,\;0.15{\sim}0.50\;Hz)$ bands, normalized powers (LFn and HFn) and LF/HF ratio were obtained. After ethanol ingestion, F showed higher heart rate than NF. PS increased LFn $(+22.9{\pm}3.6\;in\;NF,\;+12.8{\pm}4.7$ in F, in normalized units) and LF/HF $(+3.10{\pm}0.57\;in\;NF,\;+3.00{\pm}1.08\;in\;F)$ and decreased HFn powers. Ethanol ingestion increased LFn and LF/HF and decreased HFn. PS after ethanol resulted in higher LFn and LF/HF and lower HFn than the prior PS. F showed a greater and more sustained HRV change than NF after ethanol. In conclusion, PS or ethanol ingestion increased LFn and LF/HF and decreased HFn. Flushed subjects showed an accentuated HRV response to ethanol.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine an effect of fluoride recharging on fluoride release and surface change of fluoride-releasing restorative materials. Six commercially available fluoride releasing restorative materials (Fuji II LC Improved: FL, Compoglass F: CF, Dyract AP: DA, F2000: FT, Gradia Direct: GD, and Tetric Ceram: TC) were selected as experimental materials. Disk specimens were fabricated with split teflon mold to the final dimensions of 15 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness. Ten samples of each material were fabricated and stored in deionized water at $37^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 3 months. Before fluoride recharging, all specimens were polished sequentially from #800 to #2000 emery papers. Fluoride recharging was done at 5-day interval using 2.0% NaF gel. The release of fluoride into the storage water was monitored using a fluoride ion electrode. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple range test. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Fluoride recharge capability were FL > CF > DA and TC group after 12 times exposure to 2.0% NaF gel (P<0.05). 2. All the experimental materials, except for FT group, showed the increase of fluoride release and surface roughness. 3. Fluoride-releasing rates returned to base line within 3 days.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.154-166
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• 2016

This study aims to contribute to better understanding the effects of the changes in the parameter values of GroundFilter algorithm(GF), which performs filtering process, and of GridsurfaceCreate algorithm(GC), which creates regular grid, provided in Fusion software on the accuracy of elevation of the final LiDAR-DEM products through comparative analysis. In order to test whether there are significant effects on the accuracy of the final LiDAR-DEM products due to the changes of GF(1, 3, 5, 7, 9) parameter levels and GC(1, 3, 5, 7, 9) parameter levels, two-way ANOVA is conducted based on residuals. The residuals are calculated using the differences between each sample plot's paired field-measured and DEM-derived elevation values given each individual GF and GC level. After that, Tukey HSD test is conducted as a post hoc test for grouping the levels. As a result of two-way ANOVA test, it is found that the change in the GF levels significantly affects the accuracy of LiDAR-DEM elevations(F-value : 27.340, p < 0.01), while the change in the GC levels does not significantly affect the accuracy of LiDAR-DEM elevations(F-value : 0.457). It is also found that the interaction effect between GF and GC levels is not likely to exist(F-value : 0.247). From the results of the Tukey HSD test in the GF levels, GF levels can be divided into two groups('7', '5', '9', '3' vs '1') by the differences of means of residuals. Given the current conditions, LiDAR-DEM can achieve the best accuracy when the level '7' and '3' are given as GF and GC level, respectively.