• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.263-270
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• 2014

This study reports significant improvement of atopic dermatitis condition as a result of experiment using Xanthium strumarium L. extract (XS-E) at the dorsal skin of induced atopic dermatitis Nc/Nga mice. Skin clinical score has decreased ($2.75{\pm}0.85$, *p<0.05), showing visible change of skin condition. IgE (***p<0.001) and IgG1 ($2522.00{\pm}32.80$, ***p<0.001) in plasma also decreased significantly. mRNA (gene expression) level increased ($RQ=2.75{\pm}0.10$, ***p<0.001) within skin tissue of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cell that's activated by XS-E dosage, thereby discovering that there is an effect of suppressing proliferation and viability of Th2 cell, eosinophils, mast cell and inflammatory cell. Upon examining cells permeated with H&E and toluidine blue staining technique, thickness of epidermis and mast cell's permeation decreased, and the result of examining the distribution of CCR 3+ eosinophils within ALN showed that it's level fell down to that of wild type (normal group, NC/Nga-WT). By such results, it is suggested that XS-E is highly effective on atopic dermatitis, and it is considered that continued quantitative research and case study of clinical research such as effect of cell number in individual tissues or change of total cell number are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.289-298
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• 1993

Properties in terms of the variation of the glass compositions, which were density (p), molar volume(Vm), atom/ion packing density (Dp), refractive index (nD), transformation temperature (Tg), dilatometric softening point (Td), thermal expansion coefficient (α), Young's modulus (E), and knoop hardness (KHN) were investigated in CaO-SiO2 glasses and CaO-P2O5-SiO2 glasses containing less than 10mole% of P2O5. Those properties were measured by density measurement kit, Abbe refractometer, dilatometer, ultrasonic pulse echo equipment, and micro hardness tester. When CaO content was increased in CaO-SiO2 glasses, p, Dp, nD, Tg, Td, α, E and KHN were increased, while Vm was decreased. When P2O5 was added to the CaO-SiO2 glasses with constant CaO/SiO2 ratio as 1.07, p, Dp, nD, Tg, Td, α, E and KHN were decreased, while Vm was increased. When the amount of P2O5 in glasses was kept constant, the changes of the properties with variation of CaO content in the CaO-P2O5-SiO2 glasses were very similar to those of CaO-SiO2 glasses. These phenomena could be explained by the structural role of P2O5 in the CaO-P2O5-SiO2 glasses, which was polymerization of siicate structures and resulted in [PO4] monomer structure in glasses. Due to this structural characteristics, the bond strength and packing density were changed with compositions. Proportional relationships between 1) np and Dp, 2) Tg, Td, α and CaO content, 3) E and Vm-1, and 4) KHN and P2O5 content were evaluated in this investigation.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.268-280
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• 2011

Background: Dengue virus, which belongs to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, causes fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) with infection risk of 2.5 billion people worldwide. However, approved vaccines are still not available. Here, we explored the immune responses induced by alternating prime-boost vaccination using DNA vaccine, adenovirus, and vaccinia virus expressing E protein of dengue virus type 2 (DenV2). Methods: Following immunization with DNA vaccine (pDE), adenovirus (rAd-E), and/or vaccinia virus (VV-E) expressing E protein, E protein-specific IgG and its isotypes were determined by conventional ELISA. Intracellular CD154 and cytokine staining was used for enumerating CD4+ T cells specific for E protein. E protein-specific CD8+ T cell responses were evaluated by in vivo CTL killing activity and intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ staining. Results: Among three constructs, VV-E induced the most potent IgG responses, Th1-type cytokine production by stimulated CD4+ T cells, and the CD8+ T cell response. Furthermore, when the three constructs were used for alternating prime-boost vaccination, the results revealed a different pattern of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. i) Priming with VV-E induced higher E-specific IgG level but it was decreased rapidly. ii) Strong CD8+ T cell responses specific for E protein were induced when VV-E was used for the priming step, and such CD8+ T cell responses were significantly boosted with pDE. iii) Priming with rAd-E induced stronger CD4+ T cell responses which subsequently boosted with pDE to a greater extent than VV-E and rAd-E. Conclusion: These results indicate that priming with live viral vector vaccines could induce different patterns of E protein-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses which were significantly enhanced by booster vaccination with the DNA vaccine. Therefore, our observation will provide valuable information for the establishment of optimal prime-boost vaccination against DenV.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6341-6345
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• 2013

To clarify the role of stem cells in hepatocarcinogenesis, glypican-3 (GPC-3) and E-cadherin expression was investigated in embryonic cell lineages. Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) and hepatocyte like cells (HCs), representing 0, 22 and 40 days of differentiation, respectively, were treated in vitro with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at four doses (0, 1, 5 and 15 mM; G1, G2, G3 and G4, respectively) for 24 h and GPC-3 and E-cadherin expression was examined by relative quantitative real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry. GPC-3 mRNA expression was significantly different for G4 at day 0 (p<0.001) and for G4 at day 22 (p<0.01) compared with the control (G1). E-cadherin mRNA expression was significantly different for G3 and G4 at day 0 (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively), for G2 and G4 (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively) at day 22 and for G2 and G4 (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively) at day 40 compared with G1. Immunofluorescence staining for GPC-3 showed a membranous and/or granular expression in cytoplasm of ESCs and HPCs and granular and/or diffuse expression in cytoplasm of HCs, which were also stained by E-cadherin. DEN treatment increased GPC-3 expression in ESCs, HPCs and HCs, with increase of E-cadherin expression. Taken together, the expression of GPC-3 was altered by DEN treatment. However, its expression pattern was different at the stage of embryo stem cells and its derived hepatic lineage cells. This suggests that GPC-3 expression may be modulated in the progeny of stem cells during their differentiation toward hepatocytes, associated with E-cadherin expression.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the antiulcer effects of Opuntia dillenii Haw. on the stomach ulcer induced by restraint and water-immersion stress in rats. For this experiment, 48 male Sprague-Dawley strain were used. The experimental groups were divided into four: a control (C) and 3 Opuntia dillenii Haw. treatment groups (E-1, E-2, E-3). Each dose of Opuntia dillenii Haw. was 30 mg/kg bw (E-1), 60 mgfKg bw (E-2) and 120 mg/kg bw (E-3). The rats were allocated to each group by 12 and observed for 4 weeks. The results were as following: 1. The stomach surface pH in each group showed no significant difference, but the values of Opuntia dillenii Haw. treatment groups were higher than the value of the control group. 2. The gastric wall mucus was increased in all Opuntia dillenii Haw. treatment groups compared with the control group. Especially in E-1 difference was higher (p<0.05) and in E-2 difference was significantly higher (p<0.01). 3. At shear rate 11.25, 45.0, 90.0, $225\;sec^{-1}$, whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity were measured. Most of the values of Opuntia dillenii Haw. treatment groups were low compared with that of the control group. At shear rate 90.0, $225\;sec^{-1}$ the values of whole blood viscosity in E-1 were significantly low (p<0.05) and at shear rate 11.25, $45.0\;sec^{-1}$, more significant (p<0.01). At shear rate 11.25, 45.0, 90.0, $225\;sec^{-1}$ the values of whole blood viscosity in E-2 were significantly low (p<0.01). At shear rate $90.0\;sec^{-1}$ the value of plasma viscosity in E-1 was significantly low (p<0.05) and at shear rate 90.0, $225\;sec^{-1}$ the values of plasma viscosity in E-2 we resignificantly low (p<0.01). 4. Less severe ulcers were obsered in Opuntia dillenii Haw. treatment groups than in the control group. Especially E-1 groups tissues had only slight ulcers and necrosis of tissue was not observed in this group. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the oral administratio-n of Opuntia dillenii Haw. results in protection of stomach ulcer by stimulating the secretion of gastric mucus and improving the gastric mucosal microcirculation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 1988

The effect of polyethylene film(P.E.) mulching on the degradation of alachlor(N-methoxymethyl-2, 6-diethyl ${\alpha}-chloroacetoanilide$), pendimethalin(3, 4-dimethyl-2, 6-dinitro-N-l-ethylpropylanilide) and diphenamid(N,N-dimethyl-2, 2-diphenylacetamide) in red pepper, peanut, and sesame fields was investigated. In soils under the non-mulching condition the half-lives of alachlor, pendimethalin and diphenamid were 3, 37 and $24{\sim}46$ days, respectively. However, the half-lives of those under the P.E. mulching condition were longer than under the non-mulching condition. The differences in the half-lives between P.E. mulching and non-mulching conditions were about 30 days for pendimethalin and from 20 to 90 days for diphenamid. However, the half-life of alachlor was hardly affected by P.E. mulching. Pendimethalin and alachlor were not detected in the harvasted red peppers, peanuts and sesame under P.E. mulching and non-mulching conditions. But, the residue of diphenamid in peanuts was 0. 147 ppm under the P.E. mulching condition and 0.071 ppm under the non-mulching condition, and the residue of diphenamid in sesame was 0.022 ppm under the P.E. mulching condition and 0.129 ppm under the non-mulching condition. The amounts, however, were below the tolerance limits for pesticide residue.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.197-203
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of seleium (Se) and vitamin E supplementation on meat quality and shelf-life in finishing pigs. A total of eighty ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$) pigs (74.74 initial BW) were randomly allocated into five treatments with four replications and fed for six weeks. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (basal diet), 2) ISE2 (basal diet+0.2 ppm inorganic Se+100 ppm vitamin E), 3) ISE4 (basal diet+0.4 ppm inorganic Se+100 ppm vitamin E), 4) OSE2 (basal diet+0.2 ppm organic Se+100 ppm vitamin E) and 5) OSE4 (basal diet+0.4 ppm organic Se+100 ppm vitamin E). Cooking loss was decreased in treatment of ISE4 as compared with treatment of CON (p<0.05). Crude fat (%) of OSE2 was higher than those of others (p<0.05). Redness ($a^*$- value) of M. longissimus dorsi was increased in treatment of OSE2 as compared with other treatments after 100 of storage (p<0.05). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was decreased in treatment of OSE4 compared with treatments of CON and ISE2 after 10d of storage (p<0.05). In conclusion, Se and vitamin E combination did not significantly affect cooking loss,$a^*$- value and TBARS except for cases.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2000

In an effort to produce high quality Angelica gigas in the southern area of Korea, a variety of mulching materials were used to prevent withering during the summer. The experimental results are summarized as follows. Soil water content and temperature under various mulching materials were higher than those without mulching, in all the cases studied. Among various mulching materials P. E.(polyethylene) mulching material showed the highest effect. The appearance of weeds was the lowest when using the black P. E. mulching, while growth of weeds was the greatest when using transparent mulching. Growth and development of the plant were better with P. E. mulching than straw mulching or no mulching, allowed for more and bigger leaves. The bolting rate was about 2∼5%, with a slightly larger value under P. E. mulching. Under P. E. mulching, probably due to good physical properties of the soil the number of roots was large, and the length and diameter were good. Active growth of roots under P. E. mulching resulted in a yield increase of the plant. The black P. E. mulching material showed a prominent effect on suppression of weed growth, and the black P. E. material was considered to be the most recommendable among various P. E. mulching materials when there is a lack of labor.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 1974

Reduction of chromate ion at the Pt-electrode was investigated in neutral unbuffered solutions, in buffered solutions of pH between 8 and 10, and in strongly alkaline medium. In buffered solutions of pH between 8 and 10, the number of electrons transfered in the reduction of chromate ion increased progressively with increasing pH. When chromate ion was reduced in 0.2 N sodium hydroxide medium the following mechanism was suggested: $CrO_4^=+H_2O+2e{\rightarrow}CrO_3^=+2OH^-,\;CrO_3^=3H_2O+e{\rightarrow}Cr(OH)_3+3OH^-$ When tetramethylammonium hydroxide (pH=13.5) was used as the supporting electrolyte, a second wave indicated strong adsorption. In unbuffered solutions of 0.1 N potassium chloride the linear sweep voltammogram consists of three or four distinct waves depending on the initial voltage and the voltage sweep rates, but the first wave was difficult to explain as a diffusion controlled wave.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.127-132
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• 1997

본 논문은 유한체 GF(p)에서 r=2p+1이 2-prime이고, p에 대한 위수(order) m을 가질때, q=r$^{e}$ (e$2)를 연결 정수로 갖는 FCSR의 생성된 출력수열에 대한 선형 복잡도의 하한을 구한다.