• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.136-143
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• 2016

Purpose: In patients with altered mentality caused by drugs or unknown causes, ammonia is checked to facilitate differential diagnosis or diagnose hepatic coma. This helps early prevention and treatment of brain damage due to hyperammonemia. This study was conducted to evaluate clinical characteristics of intoxicated adult patients with hyperammonemia. Methods: We evaluated 95 patients with hyperammonemia among intoxicated patients above the age of 15 who visited our ED from January 2013 to December 2015. We analyzed the demographic characteristics and type of poisoning substance, reason for ingestion, toxicological characteristics such as elapsed time from ingestion to hospital visit, lab, clinical progression and complications. Data were evaluated using the student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables, and Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test for frequency analysis of categorical variables. Results: When compared to healthy individuals, patients with hyperammonemia showed statistical significance on their SOFA score (p=0.016) and poison severity score (p<0.001). Additionally, patients with hyperammonemia showed significantly different initial serum AST level (p=0.012) and maximum serum AST level during the hospital stay (p=0.026) when compared to healthy individuals. Moreover, individuals with sustained hyperammonemia compared to transient hyperammonemia showed clinically significant SOFA scores (p<0.001), poison severity scores (p=0.007), mortality rates in the ICU (p=0.021), as well as different duration of hospital stay (p=0.037), serum creatinine level (p=0.002), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p=0.025), and serum myoglobin (p=0.015). Conclusion: Most poisoning-induced hyperammonemia cases were transient and recovered without special treatment. Therefore, hyperammonemia is almost non-specific among poisoning patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.105-116
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• 1992

The present study was examined to clarify the role of calcium ion as a factor for the maturation of mouse oocytes. Follicles and cumulus-enclosed oocytes were isolated with two sharp needles under a stereomicroscope from female mouse (ICR) ovaries which were treated PMSG 5 IU 45-46 hours previously. Isolated follicles and cumulus-enclosed oocytes were cultured for 14-16 hours in an organ culture system at $37^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ in air and 100% humudified in incubator. MHBS was the basic medium used from which A23187, verapamil, $NiCl_{2.}$ $6H_2O$ and $LaCl_{3.}$ $7H_2O$ were added depending on the experimental groups. In follicle- or cumulus-enclosed oocytes wre cultured in these differently treated media. Following results were obtained from the present study. 1. The calcium ionophore A23187 directly or indirectly seems to stimulate GVBD of follicle-enclosed mouse oocytes. Increasing concentration of ionophore A23187 1ed to an increase in oocytes degeneration from the cumulus-enclosed mouse oocytes. 2. The organic $Ca^{++}$ channel blocker, verapamil does not induce GVBD of follicle-enclosed mouse oocytes. Specially, higher dose of 1 mM verapamil induced GVBD of follicle-enclosed mouse oocytes. However, cytoplasm of GVBD oocytes in 1 mM verapamil treated groups appeared shrunk. In the cumulus-enclosed oocytes, polar body formation was reduced in verapamil treated groups and degeneration increased. Verapamil inhibit oocyte maturation (polar body formation). 3. The $Ca^{++}$ inhibitor, Nickel ($NiCl_{2.}$ $6H_2O$) inhibits maturation of the follicle-enclosed oocytes. In the cumulus-enclosed oocytes the progression to MII (PB formation) was reduced and degeneration of mouse oocytes increased as the concentration of $Ni^{++}$ increase. The results indicates that nickel act as an inhibitor of calcium. 4. The $Ca^{++}$ inhibitors, Lanthanum ($LaCl_{3.}$ $7H_2O$) has shown different effect from that of nickel. In follicle-enclosed oocytes, 0.01mM lanthanum induced maturation of mouse oocytes. Polar body formation was reduced in the cumulus-enclosed oocytes all lanthanum treated group.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.11-25
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• 1997

This presentation will focus on building basic English Prosodic Skills which are very useful and helpful for Japanese learners of English. The focus first will be on recognizing the seven basic nuclear tones, analysing intonation structures, distinguishing intonation patterns and then on the way of improving speaking ability using sufficient verbal contents of intonation (mini-dialogue). My presentation deals mainly with some difficulties which Japanese learners of English have in the field of RP intonation, It is chiefly concerned with identifying, describing and analysing tone-group sequences. It sometimes happens that Japanese learners of English can pronounce isolated bounds correctly and read phonetic symbols sufficiently, bet have difficult problems in carrying out accurate prosodic features. The use of wrong intonation is sometimes the cause of misunderstanding of speaker's attitude, connotation and shades of meaning, etc.. However accurately students can pronounce the nuclear tone or tone-group of English, they have to learn how to connect tone-groups properly for suitable sequences in respect to meaning or implication. We are faced with the complicated theory of RF intonation on the one hand and difficult realization of it on the other. Japanese learners of English have special difficulties in employing "rising tune" and "falling + rising tune". If students are taught pitch movements by indicating dots graphically between two horizontal lines, they can easily understand the whole shape of pitch movements. In this presentation, I illuminate several tone-group sequences which are very useful for Japanese learning English intonation. Among them, four similar Pitch Patterns, such as, (1) (equation omitted)- type, (2) (equation omitted) - type, (3) (equation omitted) - type and (4) (Rising Head) (equation omitted)- type are clarified and other important tone-group sequences aye also highlighted from the point of view of teaching English as a foreign language. The intonation theory, tone marks and technical terms are, in all essentials, those of Intonation of Colloquial English by O'Connor, J. D. and Arnold, G. F., Longman, 2nd ed., 1982. The changes of tone are shown graphically between two horizontal lines representing the ordinary high and low zones of the utterance. A.C.Gimson (1981:314) : The intonation of English has been studied in greater detail and for longer than that of any other language. No definitive analysis, classifying the features of RP intonation, has yet appeared (though that presented by O'Connor and Arnold (1973) provides the most comprehensive and useful account from the foreign learner's point of view).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.183-192
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare female nursing college students with respect to drinking habit, drinking motives, and drinking problems. (Ed note: confirm edited version; original is a bit unclear in intent) Subjects include nursing college students in some areas, and data were collected between April and May, 2018. A total of 181 questionnaires were analyzed. The frequency analysis was used to examine the differences between the normal and drinking-problem groups. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to examine the correlations of drinking problems, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors related to drinking problems. The findings show that the frequency of drinking, rate of drinking, drinking motives, life stress, and prior experiences with drinking problems recorded a high risk ratio for drinking problems. Specifically, the group with a drinking frequency of 2~3 times per week showed a risk ratio that was 21.53 times higher than the group with a drinking frequency of 1~4 times per year. The group of higher drinking motives recorded a risk ratio that was 5.96 times higher than the group of lower drinking motives. The group of higher experiences with drinking problems showed a risk ratio that was 8.80 times higher than the group of lower experiences with drinking problems. In conclusion, the frequency of drinking, rate of drinking, drinking motives, life stress, and experiences with drinking problems were factors highly related to the drinking problems in female college students. The results highlight that careful evaluation of drinking habit of college students are needed. Moreover, periodic temperance education and programs designed to identify and prevent drinking problems are necessary to lower the risk of developing drinking problems and promote a safe drinking culture.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.644-652
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the EEG according to the elderly's tendency to be addicted to smartphone games. We compared the effects of smartphone addiction on mental health such as brain waves, sleep problems and depression through comparative analysis of asymmetry and connectivity in quantitative EEG results. The study participants were two elderly people who were addicted to smartphone game and one elderly person who did not use smartphone (Ed- to confirm: only 3 participants?!). The participant's addiction tendency of smartphone was measured by using the smartphone addiction scale and EEG (QEEG) was used for EEG analysis. The results are as follows. First, the brain waves of elderly people and smartphone non-user elderly who showed symptoms of immersion and smartphone game showed a difference in asymmetry in both opening and closing anisles. Second, there were significant differences in the openness and the anxiety of the elderly who were immersed in the mobile phone and the elderly who did not use the smartphone. Through this, it is also meaningful to explore the relationship between senile cognitive impairment and smartphone use by exploring the effect of smartphone game use on brain cognitive function through comparison of EEG analysis.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.107-120
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• 2017

This research involves a gilding experiment using plum acid that has previously been reported to restore Geumdongsamjonpanbul excavated from Wolji, Gyeongju. Chromaticity analysis revealed that the yellowness of the samples was high, and the samples treated with acid for more than 10 minutes showed high brightness. SEM studies revealed that the sample subjected to amalgam application and immediate heating was rarely gilded with gold. When the amalgam application time was longer than 36 h, the gold layer observed was uneven. Therefore, the optimum amalgam application time was 12-24 h. EDS analysis showed that mercury content was ~5 wt.% for samples with an acid treatment time of 20 min, lower than that in other samples. Gold gilding was successful for the sample with amalgam application time of 24 h and acid treatment time of 20 min. This sample showed the high-resolution XPS peak corresponding to Au and retains a little Hg compared with the other samples. In other words, experimental and analytical results using plum acid showed that gilding was successful when acid treatment time was 20 min and amalgam application time was 24 h. Based on these results, Geumdongsamjonpanbul excavated from Wolji, Gyeongju can be restored.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.513-517
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• 2013

We investigated the properties of impregnated activated carbons, a commercial adsorbent for the individual protection equipment, and examined CO adsorption and oxidation to $CO_2$. The surface area, pore volume and pore size were measured for four commercial samples using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller/Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BET/BJH), and atomic compositions of the sample surface were analyzed based on SEM/EDS and XPS. Impregnated activated carbons containing Mn and Cu for fire showed the catalytic CO oxidation to $CO_2$ with a high catalytic activity (up to 99% $CO_2$ yield), followed by the CO adsorption at an initial reaction time. On the other hand, C: for chemical biologial and radiological (CBR) samples, not including Mn, showed a lower CO conversion to $CO_2$ (up to 60% yield) compared to that of fire samples. It was also found that a heat-treated activated carbon has a higher removal capacity both for CO and $CO_2$ at room temperature than that of untreated carbon, which was probably due to the impurity removal in pores resulted in a detection-delay about 30 min.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.723-728
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• 2009

In this study, the effects of feeding providing Holstein cows with with TMR feed including amended with undried citrus byproducts on the properties of their raw milk were investigated. Two samples were used for the experiment: T0 (raw milk produced by dairy cows fed with TMR feed not including citrus byproducts) and T1 (raw milk produced by cows fed with TMR feed including citrus byproducts). The All experiments were conducted with Holstein cows at a dairy farm in the on Jeju island, and were repeated three times, in each, after of which raw milk obtained from 7 cows of each samplein each group was analyzed[ED highlight - please ensure this is correct]. The daily milk yield and somatic cell numbers of T0 and T1 were 24.16 kg and 25.97 kg, and 660,000 thousands and 445,000 thousands, respectively, which means that feeding citrus byproducts to cows increases daily milk yield and reduces somatic cell numbers. There was were no significant differences between T0 and T1 in terms of the raw milk's total plate count, specific gravity, titration acidity, and or the amount of milk protein, lactose, nonfat solids, free amino acids and volatile compounds, while raw milk in T1 showed significantly lower levels of milk fat in raw milk. The antioxidant activity of raw milk was improved by citrus byproducts TMR feed containing citrus byproducts.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2004

The influence of pollutant loads on the water quality in Jeongeupcheon of Dongjin river was evaluated from Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2003 for two years. The range of pH in water was $6.87{\sim}7.53$. The EC level in upstream ranged from 83 to $95\;{\mu}s/cm$ with the highest value in autumn. The BOD level in upstream rang ed from 0.61 to 1.27 mg/L, which would be I grade according to water quality criteria by Ministry of Environment, but that in downstream was III grade. The average T-N level in midstream ranged from 6.10 to 10.84 mg/L which was the highest values throughout the stretch of the river. The average T-P levels ranged from. 0.41 to 0.98 mg/L Jeongeupcheon was suitable for the agricultural usage based upon one year analysis of river water quality. The effluent loads of BOD was high in midstream (J4) with 553 kg/day. The major sources of T-N loads were livestock, population, land use, and industry in order. The effluent loads of T-N was high in J4 by population and industry while that of T-N was high in J5 and J6 by livestock and land use. The delivered loads of T-N was high in downstream The delivered loads of T-P was low as compared with those of BOD and T-N. The delivery ratio of T-N ranged from 6 to 38%.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.3 s.43
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• pp.311-320
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• 1993

This study was carried out along with the 1990 6th National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey in order to estimate the prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus among a representative adult Korean population. Fasting blood glucose was measured by diastix (Ames) using glucometer II for seventy seven percent of the population (30 year old or above) residing in 190 enumeration districts randomly sampled from 146,944 general ED. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus of the population was estimated by projecting the ratio of ${\geq}200mg/dl\;PP_2$ of fasting blood sugar level below 120 mg/dl by sex to the study population. Fasting blood glucose and 2 hr. postprandial blood glucose were measured on about 3000 subsampled individuals, and diabetes mellitus was defined by the WHO criteria-FBG${\geq}120mg/dl\;or\;PP_2{\geq}200mg/dl$ when FBG is below 120mg/dl. The results obtained are as follows : 1. Estimated prevalence(age adjusted) of diabetes mellitus was 4.6% for male and 8.1% for female. The age adjusted mean FBG was $93.9{\pm}26.2mg/dl$ for male and $102.9{\pm}31.5mg/dl$ for female. 2. The prevalence increased as age advanced with peak in $60{\sim}69$ years old age group for both sexes. 3. The mean FBG and estimated prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus varied considerably among the populations of fifteen cities and provinces ; it vaired from $87.0{\pm}17.7\;to\;104.6{\pm}34.5mg/dl$ and 1.2% to 8.9% for males, and from $93.3{\pm}25.3\;to\;116.7{\pm}38.6mg/dl$ and 3.4% to 20.8% for females. 4. The mean FBG and prevalence rates were higher among the rural population than those residing in metropolitan areas. 5. The proportion of the people previously treated among the diabetics was estimated to be a little less than one fifth. 6. Factors strongly associated with FBG were age, sex, family history of D. M., BMI, area and educational level among eleven variables.