• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.117-117
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• 2003

체외에서 한우 난포란의 감수분열과 배발달 능력의 획득에는 단백질 합성이 수반되어야 한다. 그러나 이러한 변화와 관련된 연구 보고는 거의 전무한 실정이다. 본 실험은 난자의 핵성숙과 관련된 세포질내 단백질 변화를 파악하기 위하여, 체외성숙 시간에 다른 배발달율과 세포질내 단백질을 비교하여 배발달능력 획득과 관련 있는 단백질을 규명하고자 실시하였다. 한우 난소에서 2-8mm의 가시난포로부터 난포란을 회수하였다. 회수된 난포란은 10% FBS와 호르몬이 첨가된 TCM199 용액에서 18시간 또는 24시간 체외성숙을 실시하였다. 난자 세포질내 단백질 변화는 2D gel electrophoresis를 이용하였고, 유의적인 변화를 나타낸 spot은 peptide mass fingerprinting을 통하여 단백질 동정을 실시하였다. 체외수정은 fer-TALP 용액을, 체외배양은 CR1aa 용액을 배양 3일째까지는 0.3% BSA, 그 이후에는 10% FBS와 난관상피세포를 첨가하여 사용하였다. 통계분석은 t-test를 이용하였다. 난자의 세포질에 대한 이차원전기영동 결과 29개의 단백질 spot들을 확인하였다. 한편 체외성숙 18시간째에 PB가 출현된 난자는 PB가 출현되지 않은 난자에 비하여 15개의 spot에서 유의적인 변화를 나타냈다. 이들 중 4개의 단백질 spot은 낮았고, 11개 spot의 수준은 높은 경향이었다. 체외성숙 18시간째와 24시간째의 배발달율을 조사한 결과 18시간째에서 유의적으로 높은 배반포 발달율을 나타냈다. 그리고 체외성숙 18시간과 24시간째 난자의 세포질내 단백질 spot들의 변화를 비교한 결과 PB가 출현된 난자 세포질에서 단백질의 변화와 유사한 경향이었다. 그러나 2개의 단백질 spot은 상반된 경향을 나타냈다. 따라서 본 실험에서 난자의 핵성숙과 관련 있는 15개의 spot을 확인하였고, 이들 단백질 spot중에서 2개가 배발달 능력과 관련이 있을 것으로 사료된다.보다는 육질등급에 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 판단된다. 한편 육질 1등급에서 배발달율이 낮은 이유는 육질 향상을 목적으로 암소를 비육 하는 경우 발생하는 번식장애와 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 사료된다.각각 가장 높았다. 배양 8일째 배반포의 세포수에 있어서 총세포수와 TE 세포수는 차이가 없었으나, ICM 세포수가 l0mg 첨가군에서 가장 높았다. 본 실험 결과에서 체외성숙 배지에 NEAA와 EAA 첨가가 배발달율에는 효과가 없었지만, 첨가농도의 증가에 따라 ICM 세포수가 증가하였다. 한편 체외성숙 배지에 LAH 첨가는 첨가 농도가 높을수록 배발달율은 낮았지만 ICM 세포수는 증가하였다.에 Csk가 관여하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 결론적으로 성적 성숙에 따른 생쥐 정소 내 Src-Csk loop의 발현과 Src kinase 활성의 변동은 정소 내 간충조직, 세정관 상피의 증식 및 기능적 분화 과정을 매개하는 생리적 활성분자 수용체 하위의 신호전달 과정에 Src-Csk loop에 의한 조절가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.rugrene의 향기성분이 주요 성분군으로 확인되었다. 2. 생강나무에서 생강의 향기를 발산하는 성분으로는 $\beta$-myrcene, o-terpinolene, phellandrone, ι-limonene, $\beta$-eudesmol, $\delta$-cadinone, elemol, trans-caryophyllene으로 동정되었으며 그 중에서도 phellandrene, $\beta$-eudesmol이 주된 역할을 하는 성분으로 확인하였다. 유의적인 관련성이 나타났고, 복부 비만의 지표인 허리엉덩이둘레비는 GPT, alkaline phosphatase, 공복시 혈당 및 MCV 등 다양한 건강지표와 관련성을 나타내어 향후 비만에 있어 다양한 혈액 성상의 변화 및 역할규명에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 본다.hat

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated the chemical characteristics of soils collected from the several deserts and loess in China known as the typical source areas of Asian dust (the Taklamakan desert, the Alashan desert, the Ordos desert and the Loess Plateau). Based on our analysis, we examined the possibility of adverse effects on environments and human health. In each desert and loess, major elemental compositions of soils did not show large variations, implying that the long-periodic mixing of soils in each area made their chemical compositions homogeneous. Minor elements of soils in each desert and loess showed more complicated patterns with strong correlations each other (e.g., Cr, Cu, As, Co, Ni, V, Y, Sc, Sn, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cs, Li, Th, U). These results thus enable us to discriminate the soil of the Loess Plateau from those of the other deserts in China. The results of sequential extraction experiments for soils showed that the chemical speciation of Fe was dominant in residual fraction (>85%) in all deserts and loess, but the fractions of Mn and Ca chemical speciations were very different in each area. In the case of Mn, the fraction of amorphous Fe-Mn hydroxides (55.4%) in the Central Loess Plateau and the carbonate fraction (33.8%) in Taklamakan desert were higher as much as 2 to 5 times than other deserts. The chemical speciations of Ca are dominant in carbonate fraction in Taklamakan (75.9%) and Alashan (50.5%) deserts, but carbonate fractions of Ca in the Loess Plateau and Ordos deserts were low (6.6% and 2.1%, respectively). According to the mobility of trace elements inferred from the results of sequential extraction procedure, we could classify them into five groups, and the mobility of Cd, Pb and Cu are more than 87%, 33% and 30%, respectively. Therefore, Cd, Pb and Cu in soils of deserts and loess could be easily dissolved when interacted with surface water. As such, they could give adverse effects on surficial environments and human health.

• Clean Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.416-422
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• 2013

In environmental friendly aspects, the synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol using carbon monoxide and oxygen gases which were produced in petrochemical plants was studied. The oxidative carbonylation of glycerol under batch reaction system was performed on parameter conditions such as effect of various metals (Cu, Pd, Fe, Sn, Zn, Cr), oxidizing agents, mole ratio of carbon monoxide to oxygen, catalyst amount, solvent types, reaction temperature and time and dehydrating agents. In particular copper chloride catalysts showed the excellent activities, and the glycerol carbonate yields over CuCl and $CuCl_2$ catalysts were the maximum of 44% and 64%, respectively at the following reaction conditions: solvent as nitrobenzene, mole ratio of 1:3:0.15 (glycerol:carbon monoxide:catalyst), mole ratio of 2:1 (carbon monoxide:oxygen), the total pressure of 30 bar at 413 K for 4 hr. It was found that reactivity were significantly different depending on the oxidation number of Cu catalysts, and oxygen plays an important role as oxidizing agents in producing H2O during oxidation reaction after carbonylation of glycerol.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.5 s.86
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• pp.349-359
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• 2005

In this study, we focused on the geographical and the meterological conditions, the atmospheric examination, the soil contents and compositions in order to establish cultural properties conservation plan in Gyeongju and its surroundings. Also, the transport route with environmental contaminants in Ulsan and Pohang was examined. The results could be summarized as follows ; Air pollutant and environmental contaminant was transported by two types of winds. One is induced by local winds, the other is induced by synoptic winds. Air contaminant transported from coastal regions to inland regions were associated with wind velocity. Gyeongju had good atmospheric conditions, i.e. $SO_2\;0.009{\sim}0.011ppm,\;CO\;0.6{\sim}0.8ppm,\;NO_2\;0.015{\sim}0.020ppm,\;O_3\;0.017{\sim}0.032ppm,\;PM_{10}\;46{\sim}62{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;Pb\;0.034{\sim}0.060{\mu}g/m^3$, which was below environmental air qualify standards and was little lower than those of Pohang and Ulsan. However, Ulsan and Pohang city are located on south-east coast and have many industrial facilities. Hence, air pollution problems become serious issues in Ulsan, Pohang, Busan, Daegu and other cities due to the emission of air pollutants from the various industrial facilities, incinerator and power plants, etc. The soil of Gyeongju had heavy metals conditions, i.e. $Cd\;0.01{\sim}0.08mg/kg,\;Cu\;N.D{\sim}2.39mg/kg,\;As\;N.D{\sim}0.07mg/kg,\;Hg\;N.D{\sim}0.15mg/kg,\;Pb\;0.49{\sim}1.39mg/kg,\;Cr^{+6}\;0.02{\sim}0.42mg/kg,\;Fe\;0.74{\sim}1.55mg/kg,\;Mn\;0.11{\sim}0.49mg/kg\;and\;Zn\;1.11{\sim}3.56mg/kg$. However, pH value of soil had range of $4.12{\sim}7.45$. The results showed that high pH concentration of soil could occur due to air pollution diffusion and environmental contaminant transport at Ulsan and Pohang city.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.348-354
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Globally, concern about emerging infectious diseases of livestock is growing. For the disposal of the animal carcass, it is necessary to recycle the carcass into an agriculturally usable product. The objective of this study was to investigate the composting conditions of liquid by-product obtained from degradation of animal carcass. METHODS AND RESULTS: Optimum conditions of liquid fertilizer were investigated using different microorganisms, pHs, and volumes of microorganisms (Lactobacillus rhamnosus+Pichia deserticola). Based on the results from the optimum conditions, compost maturity and quality of liquid fertilizer were evaluated for 112 days. The compost maturity of liquid fertilizer were higher in the order of LP(Lactobacillus rhamnosus + Pichia deserticola) > BC(Bacillus cereus) > BS(Bacillus subtilis). The optimum condition under different volumes of LP was injection of 0.5 mL/100 mL. The compost maturity under different pHs were higher in the order of pH 7 > $$5{\geq_-}9{\frac{._-}{.}}11$$. The liquid by-product at 56 days after composting was completely decomposed. The concentrations of T-N, T-P and $K_2O$ in liquid fertilizer at 56 days were 0.94, 0.17 and 3.78%, respectively, and the sum of those concentrations was 4.89%. CONCLUSION(S): Liquid fertilizer of by-product using pig carcass was decomposed with optimum conditions(LP, pH 7, injection of 0.5 mL/100 mL) in 56 days after composting, and was suitable for official standard of commercial fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.469-484
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• 2022

The Janggun Pb-Zn deposit has been known one of the four largest deposits (Yeonhwa, Shinyemi, Uljin) in South Korea. The geology of this deposit consists of Precambrian Weonnam formation, Yulri group, Paleozoic Jangsan formation, Dueumri formation, Janggum limestone formation, Dongsugok formation, Jaesan formation and Mesozoic Dongwhachi formation and Chungyang granite. This Pb-Zn deposit is hydrothermal replacement deposit in Paleozoic Janggum limestone formation. The wallrock alteration that is remarkably recognized with Pb-Zn mineralization at this deposit consists of mainly rhodochrositization and dolomitization with minor of pyritization, sericitization and chloritization. Wallrock alteration is divided into the five zones (Pb-Zn orebody -> rhodochrosite zone -> dolomite zone -> dolomitic limestone zone -> limestone or dolomitic marble) from orebody to wallrock. The white mica from wallrock alteration occurs as fine or medium aggregate associated with Ca-dolomite, Ferroan ankerite, sideroplesite, rutile, apatite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, galena, quartz, chlorite and calcite. The structural formular of white mica from wallrock alteration is (K_0.77-0.62Na_0.03-0.00Ca_0.03-0.00Ba_0.00Sr_0.01)_0.82-0.64(Al_1.72-1.48Mg_0.48-0.20Fe_0.04-0.01Mn_0.03-0.00Ti_0.01-0.00Cr_{0.00As0.01-0.00}Co_0.03-0.00Zn_0.03-0.00Pb_0.05-0.00Ni_0.01-0.00)_2.07-1.92 (Si_3.43-3.33Al_0.67-0.57)_4.00O₁₀(OH_1.94-1.80F_0.20-0.06)_2.00. It indicated that white mica from wallrock alteration has less K, Na and Ca, and more Si than theoretical dioctahedral micas. The white micas from wallrock alteration of Janggun Pb-Zn deposit, Yeonhwa 1 Pb-Zn deposit and Baekjeon Au-Ag deposit, and limestone of Gumoonso area correspond to muscovite and phengite and white mica from wallrock alteration of Dunjeon Au-Ag deposit corresponds to muscovite. Compositional variations in white mica from wallrock alteration of these deposits and limeston of Gumoonso area are caused by mainly phengitic or Tschermark substitution mechanism (Janggun Pb-Zn deposit), mainly phengitic or Tschermark substitution and partly illitic substitution mechanism (Yeonhwa 1 Pb-Zn deposit, Dunjeon Au-Ag deposit and Baekjeon Au-Ag deposit), and mainly phengitic or Tschermark substitution and partly illitic substitution or Na⁺ <-> K⁺ substitution mechanism (Gumoonso area).

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.418-428
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• 2007

Physical and chemical properties of the aggregate by-products including sludge and crushed dust samples collected from the 21 private companies throughout the country were analyzed to evaluate possible usage of the by-products as artificial soil materials for plantation. The pH of the materials ranged from 8.0 to 11.0. The organic matter content was $2.85g\;kg^{-1}$, and the total nitrogen content and available phosphate content were low as 0.7 percents and $12.98mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. Exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$, and $Na^+$ were 2.29, 0.47, 0.02 and $0.05cmol\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. Heavy metal contents were lower than the limits regulated by environmental law of Korea. Textural analysis showed that most of the materials were silt loam with low water holding capacity ranged from 0.67 to 7.41 percents, and with low hydraulic conductivity ranged from 0.4 to $2.8m\;s^{-1}$. Mineralogical analysis showed that the aggregate by product materials were mostly composed of silicate, alumina and ferric oxides except calcium oxide dominant materials derived from limestones. The primary minerals were quartz, feldspars and dolomites derived from granite and granitic gneiss materials. Some samples derived from limestone material showed calcite and graphite together with the above minerals. According to the result, it can be concluded that the materials could be used as the artificial soil material for plantation after proper improvement of the physico-chemical properties and fertility.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2009

Recently ultra-supercritical steam power plants operate at $1000^{\circ}F$ ($538^{\circ}C$) and 3500 psi (24.1 MPa). Thermal efficiency of power plant will be increased about 2% if steam temperature increases from $1000^{\circ}F$ to $1150^{\circ}F$ ($621^{\circ}C$). In this study valve materials Incoloy901 (IC901) and Inconel718 (IN718) were nitrided to improve the surface hardness and solid lubrication function of the valve materials. The hardness of both IC901 and IN718 increased about two times by ion nitriding. IC901, IN718 and their nitrided specimens were corroded under ultra super-critical condition (USC) of $621^{\circ}C$. and 3600 psi (24.8 MPa) for 2000 hours. Oxidations of both IC901 and IN718 were very small due to the formation of protective oxide layer on the surface. But the corrosion resistance of both nitrided specimens decreased because of the formation of non-protective nitride layer of $Fe_{4}N$, $Fe_{2}N$ and CrN on the surface layer. The hardness of both nitrided IC901 and IN718 at $20{\mu}m$ depth from the surface decreased about 30% and 20% respectively by USC 2000 hours.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.163-185
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to develop the model of constructivist multimedia-assisted instruction(CMAI) and to analyze the effect of it in the secondary school geography. The main results are as follows : (1) The conceptual model of CMAI can be defined as an instruction aiming at making a person who has self-directed learning ability through constructivism and multimedia. The procedural model of CMAI based on PIDA instructional strategy is divided into four stages : prediction & explanation, inquiry activity, discussion & fixation, application & synthesis stage. (2) CMAI is typed by offline CMAI and online CMAI. that is, O/WCMAI(online CMAI by web-based courseware). Offline CMAI is subdivided into P/TCMAI(offline CMAI by presentation-based courseware) and C/RCMAI(offline CMAI by cd-rom based courseware) according to authoring tool and function. (3) Offline constructivist multimedia course-ware(offline courseware) was developed for 2 periods as the material to analyze the effect of CMAI. Offline courseware is received development level of it. (4) After offline courseware being applied to the class, the effect of it according the types of the CMAI instruction(lecture instruction, whole teaching, individualized learning, cooperative learning) was analyzed. As the result of analyzing the descriptive statistics of the level of learning achievement and instruction response, there isn't big relationship between them. As the result of analyzing the inferential statistics of the level of learning achievement, there wasn't significant difference between the types of CMAI instruction in whole student of the classes and certain students who improved their grades. But as the result of analyzing of the level of instruction response, there was significant difference between lecture instruction and other types of the CMAI instruction(whole teaching, individualized learning, cooperative learning).

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.295-304
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• 2003

The Dukpyung and the Chubu areas were selected to investigate the migration and enrichment of arsenic and other toxic elements in soils and crop plants in areas covered with black shales. Rock and soil samples digested in 4-acid solution (HCI+HNO$_3$+HF+HC1O$_4$) were analyzed fer arsenic and other heavy metals by ICP-AES and ICP-MS, and plant samples by INAA. Mean concentration of As in Okchon black shale is higher than those of both world average values of shale and black shale. Especially high concentration of 23.2 mg/kg As is found in black shale from the Dukpyung area. Mean concentration of As is highly elevated in agricultural soils from the Duk-pyung (28.2 mg/kg) and the Chubu areas (32.6 mg/kg). Arsenic is highly elevated in rice stalks and leaves from the Dukpyung (1.14 mg/kg) and the Chubu areas (1.35 mg/kg). The biological absorption coefficient (BAC) of As in plant species decreases in the order of rice leaves>com leaves>red pepper>soybean leaves=sesame leaves>corn stalks>corn grains.