• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.340-349
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• 2013

The present paper investigates the availability of seawater as the absorbents to capture carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) emitted from the coal fired power plant (CFPP). For the purpose of the study, readily obtainable alkali materials in CFPP such as coal fly ash (FA), NaOH and $Ca(OH)_2$ are added to seawater to prepare the absorbents and their $CO_2$ capture performances are discussed. FA can be effectively used the additives to increase $CO_2$ capture capacity of seawater to a some extent. This is ascribed that some alkali components in FA are leached into seawater and they contribute to $CO_2$ capture in the solution. However, their leaching amount and rate are restricted by the various ions in seawater. The performance of NaOH added seawater is even lower than that of NaOH added water because $OH^-$ is substantially consumed on $Ma(OH)_2$ production prior to carbonation. $CO_2$ absorption capacity of $Ca(OH)_2$ added seawater is slightly larger than that of $Ca(OH)_2$ added water. This is because that $Ca^{2+}$ which originally present in raw seawater can participate in carbonation reaction.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.327-335
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• 2002

Experiments were conducted to investigate the synthesis characteristics of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate(for short PCC) in Ca(OH)$_2-CO_2-H_2O$ system by the continuous drop method of Ca(OH)$_2$ slurry into the solution containing $CO_2$(aq). When the flow rate of $CO_2$(g) increases and the concentration of Ca(OH)$_2$ slurry become low, the absorption rate of $CO_2$(g) become faster than the dissolution rate of Ca(OH)$_2$. Consequently, the growth of the calcite crystal plane is facilitated resulting in synthesis of $1.0{\mu}m$ of rhombohedral calcite. On the other hand, when the flow rate of $CO_2$(g) decreases and the concentration of Ca(OH)$_2-CO_2-H_2O$ slurry become high, new nuclei is created along with the crystal growth resulting in synthesis of $0.1{\mu}m$ of prismatic calcite. Maintaining 1.0wt% of Ca(OH)$_2-CO_2-H_2O$ slurry, 120 drops/min of drop rate and $25^{circ}C$ of temperature, the shape of PCC shows colloidal and spherical agglomerate at 100 mL/min of the flow rate of $CO_2$(g); the mixture of rhombohedral and plate-shaped calcite, at 200∼500 mL/min. Therefore, as the flow rate of $CO_2$(g) increases, the shape of PCC changes from colloidal and rhombohedral calcite to plate-shaped calcite. Maintaining 500 mL/min of the flow rate of $CO_2$(g), 120 drops/min of the drop rate of Ca(OH)$_2$ slurry, and $25^{circ}C$ of temperature, the shape of PCC shows the plate-shaped calcite at 1.0∼3.0 wt% of Ca(OH)$_2$ slurry; the hexagonal plate-shape calcite of the thickness of $0.1{\mu}m$ and the width of $1.0{\mu}m$, at 4.0 wt%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.109-109
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• 2011

CO oxidaition reacitvity of bare and $TiO_2$ -coated NiO/$Ni(OH)_2$ nanoparticles was studied. For the deposition of $TiO_2$ atomic layer deposition was used, and formation of three-dimensional island of $TiO_2$ on NiO/$Ni(OH)_2$ could be identified. Based on the data of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, we suggest that only $Ni(OH)_2$ existed on the surface, whereas NiO disappeared upon $TiO_2$ deposition. Both CO adsorption and CO oxidation took place on NiO/$Ni(OH)_2$ surfaces under our experimental conditions. CO adsorption was completely suppressed after $TiO_2$ deposition, whereas CO oxidation activity was maintained to large extent. It is proposed that bare NiO can uptake CO under our experimental condition, whereas hydroxylated surface of NiO can be active for CO oxidation.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2014

The peculiar feature of cathodic protection in seawater has the capability to form mineral calcareous deposits such as magnesium and calcium on metal surfaces. It is assumed that $OH^-$ ions are generated close to the metal surface as a result of cathodic protection and generated $OH^-$ ions increases the pH of the metal/seawater interface outlined as the following formulae. (1) $O_2+2H_2O+4e{\rightarrow}4OH^-$, or (2) $2H_2O+2e{\rightarrow}H_2+2OH^-$. And high pH causes precipitation of $Mg(OH)_2$ and $CaCO_3$ in accordance with the following formulae. (1) $Mg^{2+}+2OH^-{\rightarrow}Mg(OH)_2$, (2) $Ca^{2+}+CO{_3}^{2-}{\rightarrow}CaCO_3$. The focus of this study was to increase the amount of $CO{_3}^{2-}$ with the injection of $CO_2$ gas to the solution for accelerating process of the following formulae. (1) $H_2O+CO_2{\rightarrow}H_2CO_3$, (2) $HCO^{3-}{\rightarrow}{H^+}+CO{_3}^{2-}$. Electrodeposit films were formed by an electro-deposition technique on steel substrates in solutions of both natural seawater and natural seawater dissolved $CO_2$ gas with different current densities, over different time periods. The contents of films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coating films were evaluated by anodic polarization. From an experimental result, only $CaCO_3$ were found in solution where injected $CO_2$ gas regardless of current density. In case of injecting the $CO_2$ gas, weight gain of electrodeposits films hugely increased and it had appropriate physical properties.

• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2014

In this study, the $Mg(OH)_2$ slurry was made form ferro-nickel slag and then used for $CO_2$ sequestration. The experiments were in the order as leaching step, precipitation, carbonation experiments. According to the leaching results, the optimal leaching conditions were $H_2SO_4$ concentration of 1 M and the temperature of 333 K. In the $Mg(OH)_2$ manufacturing step, NaOH was added to increase the pH upto 8, the first precipitation was confirmed as $Fe_2O_3$. After removal the first precipitation, the pH was upto 11, the $Mg(OH)_2$ was generated by XRD analysis. The $Mg(OH)_2$ slurry was used for $CO_2$ sequestration. The pseudo-second-order carbonation model was used to apply for $CO_2$ sequestration. The $CO_2$ sequestration rate was increased by the $CO_2$ partial pressure and temperature. However, $CO_2$ sequestration rate was decreased when temperature upto 323 K. After $CO_2$ sequestrated by $Mg(OH)_2$, the $CO_2$ can be sequestrated stable as $MgCO_3$. This study also presented optimal sequestration condition was the pH upto 8.38, the maximum $MgCO_3$ can be generated. This study can be used as the basic material for $CO_2$ sequestration by ferro-nickel slag at pilot scale in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.270-275
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• 2021

ZnO was synthesized according to the transformation behavior and crystallization conditions of Zn-intermediate obtained by zinc sulfate as a precursor and NaOH, Na₂CO₃ as a alkali agents. For ZnO crystallization, Zn₄(OH)₆SO₄·H₂O and Zn₅(OH)₆(CO₃)₂·H₂O as a Zn-intermediate were calcined at 400℃ and 800℃ for 1 h, respectively, based on decomposition temperature from TGA. Zn₄(OH)₆SO₄·H₂O was confirmed to have mixed Zn₄(OH)₆SO₄·H₂O and ZnO at 400℃, and was completely thermally decomposed at 800℃ to form ZnO phase. The prepared Zn₅(OH)₆(CO₃)₂·H₂O as a Zn-intermediate by the reaction with Na₂CO₃ was transformed to a complete ZnO crystallization over 400℃. Nano-sized ZnO can be synthesized at a relatively lower calcination temperature through the reaction with Na₂CO₃.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 1989

Molten salt-water explosion caused by the contact between molten salt and water is one of vapour explosions. An experimental study of the vapour explosion, which occurs when the molten mixture of Na$_2$CO$_3$-NaOH and water come in contact was performed. The pressure wave generated in each composition Of molten mixtures was measured. The results obtained are as follows： 1) The vapour explosion didn't occur for a molten salt of 100%-Na$_2$CO$_3$- 2) For a molten salt of Na$_2$CO$_3$ 80％-NaOH 20% mixture, a small vapour explosion occured initially, and a large vapour explosion, which showed the largest pressure wave among the present experiments, occurred after an induced period. 3) For molten salt of Na$_2$CO$_3$60％ - NaOH 40％ mixture and Na$_2$CO$_3$ 40％ - NaOH 60％ mixture, the vapour explosion occurred near the water surface shortly after they come in contact with water. This explosion would be caused by fragmentation of the molten salts due to impulse generated when thee molten salts and water come in contact.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.505-509
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of $Ca(OH)_2$ and $CO_2$ additions on the corrosion of metal coupons(ductile iron, galvanized steel, copper and stainless steel). Corrosion rate and released metal ion concentration of ductile iron and galvanized steel decreased by adjusting alkalinity, calcium hardness and pH with $Ca(OH)_2$ & $CO_2$ additions on copper and stainless steel were less than those on ductile iron and galvanized steel. When ductile iron coupon was exposed to water treated with Ca(OH)$_2$&$CO_2$, additions, the main components of corrosion product formed on its surface were $CaCO_3$ and $Fe_2 O_3 or Fe_2 O_4$ which often reduce the corrosion rate by prohibiting oxygen transport to the metal surface.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2024

This research elucidates the fundamental properties of carbon dioxide (CO₂)-cured mortar as influenced by varying substitution rates of blast furnace slag fine powder. The findings indicate that CO₂ curing enhances the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), contributing to pore reduction and the early development of strength. While calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) plays a more pivotal role in the primary development of strength compared to CaCO₃, an increase in the substitution rate of blast furnace slag fine powder results in reduced production of Ca(OH)₂. Nonetheless, the maintenance of strength through CaCO₃ formation is observed even after the depletion of Ca(OH)₂, suggesting that the required performance can be sustained post-exposure to the atmosphere following CO₂ curing. It is noted that substitution rates exceeding 50% lead to performance deterioration due to CO₂, highlighting the necessity for careful adjustment of the substitution ratio.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.165-166
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• 2017

Corrosion of reinforcement is the main factors affecting the durability of reinforced concrete in the world which lead to the failure of structures of reinforced concrete buildings. In this research, mixed brucite(Mg(OH)₂) into ordinary portland cement paste in ratio of 5, 10 and 15% as a kind of CO₂ fixation material. Samples were exposed to an accelerated carbonation enslavement of 20% CO₂ concentration, 60% relative humidity, and a temperature of 20℃ until tested at 3d, 7d, 14d and 28d. After 28d CO₂ accelerated curing, in the paste containing MH megnesian calcite was found by XRD and SEM-EDX. Meanwhile, paste containing Mg(OH)₂ exhibit the better pore distribution than ordinary portland cement paste and relatively good compressive strength.