• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.183-191
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• 1990

Polycrystalline CdS film have been prepared by coating a slurry constiting of CdS, CdCl2, various amount of InCl3 and propylene glycol on glass substrate and by sintering in a nitrogen atmosphere, and their sintering behaviors, electrical properties and optical properties have been investigated. As the amount of InCl3 increases, the enhancing effect of CdCl2 on sistering decreses resulting in a sharp decrease in optical transmittance and an increase in electrical resistivity. The carrier concentration is almost independent of InCl3 added due to the occurrence of chlorine doping and to the compensating effect of indium dopant. Microstructure an optical properties of CdS film, which contain CdCl2 and InCl3 before sintering, can be improved by sintering in a sealed boat.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

본 연구는 배양 NIH3T3 섬유모세포를 재료로 독성물질인 염화카드뮴($CdCl_2$)의 세포독성과 이에 대한 애기똥풀(Chelidonium majus, CM) 추출물의 방어효과를 조사하기 위하여 세포생존율(cell viability)을 비롯한 $CdCl_2$에 대한 BHT의 영향 및 DPPH-자유라디칼 소거능, superoxide anion-radical scavenging activity (SSA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 활성과 같은 항산화 효과를 분석하였다. 그 결과 $CdCl_2$는 농도 의존적으로 배양 NIH3T3 섬유모세포의 생존율을 유의하게 감소하였으며, $XTT_{50}$값이 38.7uM로 나타나 Borenfreund와 Puerner의 독성판정기준에 따라 고독성(highly-toxic)인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 항산화제인 BHT는 $CdCl_2$의 독성으로 인하여 심하게 손상된 세포생존율을 유의하게 증가시켰다. 한편, $CdCl_2$의 세포독성에 대한 CM 추출물의 방어효과에서, CM 추출물은 $CdCl_2$에 의하여 감소된 세포생존율을 유의하게 증가시켰으며, 또한 DPPH-자유라디칼 소거능을 비롯한 SSA 및 LDH 활성 억제와 같은 항산화능을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과에서 $CdCl_2$의 독성에 산화적 손상이 관여하고 있으며, CM 추출물은 항산화 효과에 의하여 $CdCl_2$의 세포독성에 대한 방어효과를 나타냈다. 결론적으로, CM 추출물과 같은 천연소재는 산화적 손상과 관련된 독성의 제독 내지는 저감을 위한 항산화물질로서의 개발적 가치가 있다고 사료된다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1987년도 정기총회 및 창립40주년기념 학술대회 학회본부
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• pp.257-259
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• 1987

The photoelectronic properties of CdTe films sintered with various amounts of $CdCl_2$ and $CuCl_2$ have been investigated by measurements of dark electrical resistivity, photocurrent, thermoelectric power, optical transmission and by observation of microstructure. The grain size and optical transmission of sintered CdTe films increase with increasing amount of $CdCl_2$ indicating that $CdCl_2$ acts as a sintering aid. The photoconductivity gain(A-$cm^2/W$) increases and resistivity($\Omega$-cm) decreases with increasing amount of $CuCl_2$ up to 100ppm due to the occurance of Cu-doping during sintering. The dark resistivity could be reduced farther by post heat treatments. The dark resistivity was still high($10^3{\Omega}$-cm) so that the accurate determination of the hole concentration by Hall measurement or by thermoelectric power measurement was not possible. From the analysis of electrical activation energy, however it can be concluded that the hole concentration is less than $10^{14}/cm^3$ and all grains are depleted of carrier by the trapping centers at grain boundaries.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.160-165
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• 2019

A series of reactions between an amino alcoholic ligand, cis-2-((2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethyl)amino)cyclohexan-1-ol (HEAC), with the mixtures of group 12 metals including, $HgCl_2/CdCl_2$, $HgCl_2/CdI_2$, $ZnCl_2/CdCl_2$ and $ZnCl_2/CdCl_2/HgCl_2$ was experimentally and theoretically studied to determine the most stable product of these reactions. Furthermore, the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) studies were done to evaluate the theoretical results. The products were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, Raman, $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Based on these investigations a binuclear structure of cadmium, [$Cd_2(HEAC)_2({\mu}-Cl)_2Cl_2$] (1), is the most stable product that was formed in all studied reactions between HEAC and metals mixtures. In this structure, the cadmium atom has a $CdN_2O({\mu}-Cl)_2Cl$ environment and distorted octahedral geometry.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 1998

256M DRAM급에 해당하는 0.25$\mu\textrm{m}$의 회로선 폭을 가공하기 위해 Arc layer & DUV resist 사용이 필수적이다. Poly-Si 식각시 Arc layer 적용여부 및 resist 종류에 따른 차이 를 TCP-9408 etcher(Lam Research Co.)에서 $Cl_2/O_2, Cl_2/N_2, Cl_2$/HBr 3가지 gas chemistry 를 변화시키면서 조사하였다. 동일한 식각 조건에서 DUV resist사용의 경우에 I-line resist 에 비해 식각 profile이 profile이 positive하고 CD gain도 크게 나왔다. 이것은 resist손실에 의한 polymer생성의 증가가 식각시 측벽 보호막을 강화시키기 때문이다. Arc layer 적용의 경우 Arc layer 식각시 생기는 fluorine계 polymer가 poly-Si 식각시 mask역할을 하므로 CD gain이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. Gas chemistry에 의한 영향은 $Cl_2/O_2$의 경우가 식각 시 polymer형성을 촉진시켜 positive profile 및 CD gain을 초래하였다. $Cl_2$/HBr의 경우에는 profile이 vertical 하였고 CD gain도 거의 없었다. 또한 dense pattern 과 isolated pattern 사이의 profile 및 CD 차이도 가정 작게 나타났다. HBr gas 사용이 식각시 pattern density 에 따른 측벽 보호막 형성의 불균일성을 최소화 시켜 양호한 특성을 보여주었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.18
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• pp.63-64
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• 2005

CdS thin films were fabricated by rf magnetron sputter technique, and annealed in tube furnace using vacuum evaporated $CdCl_2$ layer, In addition, effects of the thickness of $CdCl_2$ layer and the annealing temperature on structural and optical properties of CdS films were investigated. The heat treatment process was carried out by heating the sample in air at $350-500^{\circ}C$ for 20 minute.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2005

Cadmium is well known as a toxic metal and has insulin mimicking effects in rat adipose tissue. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of CdCl₂ on glucose transport and its mechanism in 3T3 - L1 adipocytes. CdCl₂ exhibits respectively 2.2 and 2.8 fold increases in the 2-deoxyglucose uptake when exposed to 10 and 25 μM of CdCl₂ for 12 hr. To investigate the stimulating mechanism of glucose transport induced by CdCl₂. Wortmannin and PD98059 were used respectively as PI3K inhibitor and MAPK inhibitor, which did not affect 2-DOG uptake. This results suggest that induced 2-deoxy-(l-3H)-D-glucose (2-DOG) uptake by CdCl₂ may not be concerned with the insulin signalling pathway. Whereas nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker inhibited the 2- DOG uptake stimulated by CdCl₂. In addition, we also measured the increased production of Reactive oxygen substances (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) level in 3T3-L1 adipocytes to investigate correlation between the glucose uptake and increased production of ROS with H2DCFDA. CdCl₂ increased production of ROS. Induced 2-DOG uptake and increased production of ROS by CdCl₂ were decreased by N-acetylcystein (NAC). And L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) a potent inhibitor of γ-GCS, decreased of 2-DOG uptake. Also NAC and BSO changed the cellular GSH level, but GSH/GSSG ratio remained unchanged at 10, 25 μM of CdCl₂.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 1991

부영양화된 해역인 마산만에서 분리된 해양세균중 카드뮴 200ppm에서 내성을 보인 균을 분리배양하고, 미생물학적 성질과 생체 축적량을 방사성 동위원소인 $^{109}CdC_2$을 이용하여 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 분리된 카드뮴 내성균은 Gram음성균이며 단간균으로서 운동성이 있고 생리, 생화학 특성과 TCBS 배지에서의 집락 형태로 보아 Vibrio sp.으로밝혀졌다. 2. 본 균의 다른 중금속에 대한 내성 실험에서 $ZnCl_2$, $PbCl_2$, $CuCl_2$가 25ppm 함유된 배지에서는 서로 비슷한 성장을 보였지만 $HgCl_2$ 25ppm에서는 성장이 거의 안되었다. 3. 균체내의 카드뮴 축적량은 배지에 포함된 카드뮴의 양과 비례하여 증가하여 75ppm에서 43.2mg/l로 최고의 축적을 나타내었고, 100ppm에서의 성장이 저해되었지만 균체 축적량이 일정하게 유지되었다. 4. 방사성 동위원소인 $ ^{109}CdCl_2$를 이용하여 25ppm에서 배양한 후, 중금속 축적조건을 dpm값을 통해 조사한 결과는 96시간 배양시 pH 7에 최대값인 $2554{\times}10^4dpm/m{\ell}$을 나타냈고, NaCl에서는 36시간 배양시 $611{\times}10^4dpm/m{\ell}$로 최고값을 나타내었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.441-445
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• 2012

Cadmium is an important occupational and environmental pollutant that damages various organs, especially renal proximal tubular cells. We examined the effect of aqueous extract of Buddleja officinalis (ABO) on cadmium chloride ($CdCl_2$)-induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 human renal proximal tubular cells. HK-2 cells were preincubated with ABO (50, 100, 200 and 400 ${\mu}g/ml$) for 3 hr and then treated with 10 ${\mu}M$ $CdCl_2$ for 24 hr. The effect of ABO on $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells was investigated by using MTT assay, morphological observation, flow cytometric analysis and Western blot. The results of the MTT assay and morphological observation indicated that $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity was prevented by pretreatment with ABO. In flow cytometric analysis, ABO reduced sub-G1 peak (apoptotic peak) in $CdCl_2$-treated cells. $CdCl_2$-induced procaspase-3 proteolysis and PARP cleavage reduced by pretreatment with ABO. These results suggest that ABO effectively inhibited $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 1997년도 한국재료학회 추계학술발표회
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• pp.121-121
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• 1997