• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to observe the effect of dietary calcium(Ca) level on colonic mucosal levels of cell proliferation, 1, 2-diacylglycerol(DAG), TXB2, PGE2 and phospholipid fatty acid composition which have been known as biomarkers for colon cancer. One hundred male Sprague Dawley rats, at 7 weeks of age, were divided into two fat type groups. Each group of which was further divided into two Ca level groups. Each rt was intramuscularly injected with 1, 2,-dimenthylhydrazine(DMH) for 6 weeks (total dose of 180mg/kg body weight) and simultaneously fed one of four experimental diets containing 15% dietary fat(corn oil or perilla oil )and 0.3% or 1.0% Ca by weight for 20 weeks. Compared to corn oil, perilla oil significantly reduced cell proliferation by decreasing labeling index, proliferating zone, crypt length in colonic mucosa and colonic mucosa and colonic mucosal levels of DAG, TXB2 . PGE2 and phospolipid (PL) arachidonic acid distribution. The effect of Ca on biomarketrs was different depending on the type of dietary fat comsumed . Ca effect of Ca on biomarkers was different depending on the type of dietary fat comsumed. Ca effect was not significantly shown in the PO group, but it was significant in the CO group in which high Ca(1.0%) decreased the levels of levels of PL-C20 : 4(%), DAG and PGE2 . However , high Ca supplementation had shown only the trends of improving cell proliferation. Overall , high dietary Ca significantly reduced cell proliferation by inhibiting the synthesis of eicosanoid and DAG with reduced distribution of PL-C20 : 4 , which may have resulted in lower activation of PKC through reduced signal transduction. Since a high level of dietary Ca was more effective in reducing the risk factor against colon cancer in corn oil fed rats, it could be suggested that a higher amount of dietary Ca be consumed , especially when more vegetable oil rich in linoleic acid is included in the diet.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.235-245
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• 2000

This study was peformed to elucidate the effects of antler, red ginseng, safflower seed, ipriflavone and estrogen on ovariectomized rats. The rats were fed with Ca and P deficient diet for five weeks to induce osteoporosis. After this period, these animals were fed with normal for and treated every other day with antler(600mg/kg, PO), red ginseng(200mg/kg, PO), safflower(200mg/kg, PO), ipriflavone(80mg/kg, PO) and estrogene(400$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, IM) for S weeks. During the treatment, the rats were examined for body, organ, femur and femur ash weights. And electron-microscopical examinations were also performed on femora. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The body weights of the antler, red ginseng, safflower, ipriflavone and estrogen-treated groups after five weeks of treatment, were 303.0$\pm$3.0g, 273.3$\pm$4.4g, 288.3$\pm$5.1g, 300.5$\pm$5.2g, 320.5$\pm$4.2g, respectively. They, except the red ginseng-treated group, were significantly higher than 278.4$\pm$2.7g of normal control group(P<0.05). And the body weight of non-treatment group was 29it.2$\pm$5.5g which was higher than that of control group, too. 2. The weights of left femur after five weeks of treatment were showed 0.83$\pm$0.2g by antler, 0.89$\pm$0.2g by red ginseng, 0.87$\pm$0.2g by safflower 0.83$\pm$0.1g by ipriflavone and 0.78$\pm$0.1g by estrogen-treated group. They were a little lower than 0.97$\pm$0.1g of normal control group. Non-treatment group showed 0.83$\pm$0.1g which was lower than that of control group but not significant. 3. The weights of ashed left femora after five weeks of treatment were showed 0.36$\pm$0.01g by antler, 0.40$\pm$0.01g by red ginseng, 0.41$\pm$0.01g by safflower, 0.36$\pm$0.01g by ipriflavone and 0.35$\pm$0.01g by estrogen-treated group. Those results were significantly lower than 0.43$\pm$0.01g of normal control group. And non-treatment group showed 0.29$\pm$0.01g of femoral ash which was significantly lower than that showed by control group(p<0.05). 4. The femoral Ca contents of the antler, red ginseng, safflower, ipriflavone and estrogen-treated rats were 19.6$\pm$0.7%, 17.8$\pm$1.1%, 18.8$\pm$0.9%, 18.0$\pm$1.1%, 15.3$\pm$1.1%, respectively, after five weeks of treatment. The femoral Ca contents of antler and safflower-treated groups were higher than that of control group which showed 18.2$\pm$0.9% of Ca The non-treatment group, showing 15.3$\pm$0.7%, had significantly lower content of Ca than normal group(p<0.05). 5. The weights of liver, spleen, and kidney in the osteoporosis-induced rats during the treatment with antler, red ginseng, safflower, jpriflavone and estrogen showed not significant changes. 6. The connections among the trabeculae of control group were maintained well, showing no bone loss. However, the connections among the trabeculae of non-treatment group were thinner than those of control group and were almost disconnected and the lacunae were found to be broadened. Antler and safflower-treated group showed only slight changes. The recovery rates were prominent in antler, safflower, estrogen-treated groups but they were insignificant in red ginseng and ipriflavone-treated groups.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2022

수산화칼슘(Ca(OH)₂)과 인산(H₃PO₄) 수용액을 반응시켜 수산화아파타이트(hydroxyapatite, HAp)를 합성하였다. 3 M 이상의 고농도 수산화칼슘원료를 전구체로 사용하고 인산 첨가속도, 반응용액 유지시간, 반응생성물에 대한 볼밀링, 합성 후 열처리 같은 합성조건을 변화시켜 HAp를 합성하였다. 인산 첨가속도에 관계없이 상온에서 합성할 경우 주된 불순물상(phase)인 DCPD(dicalcium phosphate dihydrate)가 형성되었고, 700℃ 이상 가열 시 β-TCP(tricalcium phosphate)가 합성되기 시작해 900℃에서 그 양이 최대가 되었다. 합성된 분말을 1150℃에서 소결 할 경우에도 고온안정 불순물 상인 β-TCP 상은 없어지지 않고 남아있었다. 합성 수용액에 대한 볼밀링 후 3일 간 그 용액을 유지할 경우 DCPD 상이 없는 단일 HAp 상을 얻을 수 있었으며, 유지시간 없이 합성물에 대한 볼밀링 과정만을 거친 경우에도 500℃ 이상 열처리를 통해 β-TCP 상이 없는 단일상의 HAp를 얻을 수 있었다. 이러한 추가적인 볼밀링 과정을 적용함으로써 HAp를 손쉽게 합성할 수 있었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제23권3호통권74호
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• pp.275-283
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• 1995

The nutritional requirements of mycelial growth for Pleurotus spp. were studied. As the carbon sources, soluble starch and dextrin, nitrogen sources, arginine and ammonium tartrate, and calcium sources, $CaCO_3$ enhanced mycelial growth. Optimum C/N ratio was 100 : 1. On the base of results from the experiment on nutritional requirements, the following receipe is suggested for growth of Pleurotus spp.; starch 15 g, arginine 3.484 g, ammonium tartrate 3.06 g, $CaCO_3$ 0.314 g, $KH_2PO_4$ 8.138 g, $K_2HPO_4$ 1.584 g, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 1.5 g for P. sajor-caju and 2.5 g for P. ostreatus. $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 0.02 g, $ZnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 0.03 g, $MnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 0.02 g, optimum pH 6.0. This new synthetic medium is tentatively designated as Park's medium.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.923-928
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• 2012

고품질의 현탁중합토너를 제조하기 위해서는 수상 현탁계의 최적화가 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 무기현탁제로 사용한 수산화칼슘($CaOH_2$)/인산($H_3PO_4$)(Ca/P)의 몰비 및 수상의 pH가 스타이렌 기반 현탁중합토너의 특성에 미치는 영향을 중점적으로 조사하였다. 먼저 수상을 중성조건(pH=7.5)으로 고정하고 Ca/P의 몰비를 1.5:1부터 1.76:1까지 변화시켰다. 그 결과 Ca/P의 몰비를 1.73:1로 하였을 때 이상적인 인산칼슘염(하이드록시아파타이트)이 만들어졌으며 이 조건에서 제조된 중합토너는 입도분포, 원형화도 및 대전특성이 우수하였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 Ca/P의 몰비를 1.73:1로 고정하고 수상을 약산성(pH=5.5) 및 약염기성(pH=9.5) 조건으로 변화시켰다. 그 결과 약산성 조건에서 제조된 중합토너는 더욱 더 우수한 입도분포, 원형화도 및 대전특성을 나타냈으며 인쇄품질도 매우 우수하였다. Ca/P의 몰비와 수상의 pH 조건을 최적화하여 고품질의 현탁중합토너를 제조할 수 있었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.100-109
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• 2012

하천수를 정화하는 자유수면인공습지의 정수식물 성장기(4~9월)와 비성장기(1~3월과 10~12월)의 $PO_4-P$와 TP제거율을 비교 연구하였다. 실험 습지 시스템은 광주광역시를 흐르는 광주천 중류 고수부지에 2008년 조성되었으며, 길이 46m, 폭 5m 규모이다. 2008년 포트에서 2년 자란 부들(Typha angustifloria L.)과 줄(Zizania latifolia Turcz)을 시스템의 1/2씩 각각 식재하였다. 광주천의 물이 자연유하로 시스템에 유입되며, 처리수는 광주천으로 방류된다. 유입수의 양과 수심은 밸브와 위어(weir)로 조절할 수 있다. 유입수 및 유출수의 인 농도를 2010년 1월부터 12월까지 7~10일 간격으로 조사 분석하였다. 하루에 약 $710m^3$의 하천수가 시스템으로 유입되어, 체류시간은 약 1.5hr이었다. 조사기간 유입수와 유출수의 $PO_4-P$ 평균농도는 각각 0.144, 0.105mg/L이었으며, $PO_4-P$ 평균제거율은 28.1%였다. 유입수와 유출수의 TP평균농도는 각각 0.144, 0.105mg/L이었으며, TP 평균제거율은 20.7%를 보였다. t 검정결과, 정수식물 성장기의 $PO_4-P$ 제거율(31.448)이 비성장기 $PO_4-P$ 제거율(25.829)보다 높았으며(p<0.001), 정수식물 성장기의 TP 제거율(27.230)도 비성장기의 TP 제거율(14.856)보다 높게(p<0.001) 나타났다. 인공습지에서 인 제거는 잔재물-토양 층의 흡착, 입자성 인과 Ca, Fe, Al과 결합된 인산염의 침전, 그리고 정수식물의 흡수가 중요하다. 정수식물 성장기가 비성장기보다 $PO_4-P$와 TP의 제거율이 상대적으로 높은 원인은 흡착과 침전에 의한 인 제거는 계절에 관계없이 일어나나, 정수식물의 흡수는 성수식물 성장기에만 일어나기 때문이다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2019

인산칼슘(hydroxyapatite(HAp), ${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate(${\beta}$-TCP) 및 HAp와 ${\beta}$-TCP가 혼합된 2상 인산칼슘(BCP, HA/${\beta}$-TCP))들을 수열합성법을 통해 합성하였다. 여러 수열합성 조건(최고온도 $150^{\circ}C$ 및 pH 12 이하)에서 수산화칼슘($Ca(OH)_2$) 수용액과 인산($H_3PO_4$) 용액을 반응시켜 얻은 침전물을 수열합성에 이용하였다. 초기 전구체 Ca/P 비율을 1.30, 1.50 및 1.67로 조절하였으며 이 조성비와 합성 후 열처리가 분말 및 소결체의 상합성에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 초기 전구체 Ca/P 비율을 조절함으로써 분말 및 소결체의 상의 조절이 가능하였다. Ca/P 비율이 1.67일 경우 모든 열처리 온도에서 분말 및 소결체 모두에서 HAp 단일 상이 합성되었다. Ca/P 비율이 1.30과 1.50에서 $900^{\circ}C$ 이상 열처리 할 경우 각각 순수한 ${\beta}$-TCP와 BCP(HAp/${\beta}$-TCP)가 합성되었다. 반응성 높은 미세한 분말을 이용하여 소결함으로써 미세한 입경을 가지며 투광성을 가지는 소결체들을 저온에서 얻을 수 있었다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2018

A sidestream contains the filtrate or concentrate from the belt filter press, filter backwash and supernatant from sludge digesters. The sidestream flow, which heads back into the sewage treatment train, is about 1-3% less than the influent flow. However, the sidestream can increase the nutrient load since it contains high concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen. In this study, the removal of PO4-P with organic matter characteristics and bacteriological changes during the sidestream treatment via ladle furnace (LF) slag was investigated. The sidestream used in this study consisted of 11-14% PO4-P and 3.2-3.6% soluble chemical oxygen demand in influent loading rates. LF slag, which had a relatively high $Ca^{2+}$ release compared to other slags, was used to remove $PO_4-P$ from the sidestream. The phosphate removal rates increased as the slag particle size decreased 19.1% (2.0-4.0 mm, 25.2% (1.0-2.0 mm) and 79.9% (0.5-1.0 mm). The removal rates of dissolved organic carbon, soluble chemical oxygen demand, color and aromatic organic matter ($UV_{254}$) were 17.6, 41.7, 90.2 and 77.3%, respectively. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices and liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection demonstrated that the sidestream treatment via LF slag was effective in the removal of biopolymers. However, the removal of dissolved organic matter was not significant during the treatment. The intact bacterial biomass decreased from $1.64{\times}10^8cells/mL$ to $1.05{\times}10^8cells/mL$. The use of LF slag was effective for the removal of phosphate and the removal efficiency of phosphate was greater than 80% for up to 100 bed volumes.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.120-124
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• 2016

The effect of alloying element Ca (0, 1, and 2 wt%) on corrosion resistance and bioactivity of the as-received and anodized surface of rolled plate AM60 alloys was investigated. A plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was carried out to form anodic oxide film in $0.5mol\;dm^{-3}\;Na_3PO_4$ solution. The corrosion behavior was studied by polarization measurements while the in vitro bioactivity was tested by soaking the specimens in Simulated Body Fluid (1.5xSBF). Optical micrograph and elemental analysis of the substrate surfaces indicated that the number of intermetallic particles increased with Ca content in the alloys owing to the formation of a new phase $Al_2Ca$. The corrosion resistance of AM60 specimens improved only slightly by alloying with 2 wt% Ca which was attributed to the reticular distribution of $Al_2Ca$ phase existed in the alloy that might became barrier for corrosion propagation across grain boundaries. Corrosion resistance of the three alloys was significantly improved by coating the substrates with anodic oxide film formed by PEO. The film mainly composed of magnesium phosphate with thickness in the range $30-40{\mu}m$. The heat resistant phase of $Al_2Ca$ was believed to retard the plasma discharge during anodization and, hence, decreased the film thickness of Ca-containing alloys. The highest apatite forming ability in 1.5xSBF was observed for AM60-1Ca specimens (both substrate and anodized) that exhibited more degradation than the other two alloys as indicated by surface observation. The increase of surface roughness and the degree of supersaturation of 1.5xSBF due to dissolution of Mg ions from the substrate surface or the release of film compounds from the anodized surface are important factors to enhance deposition of Ca-P compound on the specimen surfaces.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 1989

곰팡중에서 melanoidin의 탈색력이 있는 Aspergillus awamori, B-2을 선별하여 탈색력을 실험하였다. Aspergillus awamori, B-2는 3.0% glucose, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.1% $KH_2PO_4$, 및 0.05% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$을 함유하는 melanoidin 용액(pH 7.0) 에서 5일 동안 $37^{\circ}C$에서 배양했을때 가장 높은 탈색력을 나타내었다. 탈색력을 효과적으로 하기 위하여 Ca-alginate로 고정화하여 최적조건에서 계속적으로 탈색하였을때 mycelia 단독보다는 더욱 효과적이었다. Melanoidin 탈색력은 최적 조건에서 10일 동안 반응하였을때 약 70%을 나타내었다. 고정 화한 mycelia의 재사용에 의한 계속적인 탈색을 시도하였던바 15일 동안 연속적으로 반응시켜도 약 60-70%의 탈색력을 계속 유지하였다.