• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1599-1607
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• 2004

This study examined the effects of pre-slaughter fasting, chasing stress and chiller ageing on objective meat quality, and their relations to the proteome profile of longissimus muscle using 20 male Korean native black pigs. Treatments were composed of two levels of pre-slaughter feed withdrawal, two levels of pre-slaughter stress and four chiller ageing times. A 15 min chasing stress immediately prior to slaughter significantly (p<0.05) decreased detectable levels of $\mu$-calpain activity during rigor development and chiller ageing, but did not have any direct effect on objective meat quality. On the other hand, pigs fed until the morning of slaughter resulted in significantly (p<0.05) higher hunter L* value and cooking loss than those which received an 18 h feed withdrawal prior to slaughter. Cooking loss and hunter L* value were constant during 7 d of chiller ageing, followed by significant increases at 14 d. The fed animals showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher hunter a* value at both 3 and 7 d, while the other group maintained a stable redness for 7 d. WB-shear force was not affected by the pre-slaughter treatments, but had significant (p<0.05) linear reduction from 1 to 7 d. A gelbased proteome analysis was performed on selected animals for low and high hunter L* values at 1 d. Ten and five spots had greater than two-fold spot densities for the low and high hunter L* groups, respectively. The ten spots included chain A, deoxyribounclease I complex with actin, heat shock protein 27 kDa, a protein similar to cardiac $Ca^{2+}$ release channel, and myosin heavy chain, while the five spots included chain A aldehyde dehydrogenase, glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase, and hemoglobin alpha chain. In general, feeding until the morning of slaughter resulted in more desirable meat color, but appeared to reduce palatability due to increased cooking loss. Proteome analysis demonstrated that various proteins were concomitantly involved in the determination of final meat color. The most noticeable observation in the current study was that various isoforms for a particular protein differed in degradation and/or expression rate depending on meat quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1651-1658
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• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of either 100 mg/kg chito-oligosaccharide (COS) or chlortetracycline (CTC) with corn-soybean-fish meal on immunity in broiler chickens. A total of 147 one-day old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 3 treatments with 7 replicate pens per treatment and 7 birds per pen. The experimental diets consisted of a control diet based on corn, soybean and fish meal without COS and any antibiotic supplement and similar diets supplemented with either CTC (80 mg/kg from d 1 to 21 and 50 mg/kg from d 22 to 42) or COS (100 mg/kg from d 1 to 42). During the entire experimental period, all birds had ad libitum access to diets and water. The main immune organ indices, T-lymphocyte proliferation, serum cytokine concentrations, serum NO level and serum iNOS activity were measured on d 21 and d 42. On d 21, broilers fed 100 mg/kg COS had improved (p<0.01) indices of spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius compared with the control and CTC birds. Birds receiving 100 mg/kg COS had higher (p<0.05) serum concentrations of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IgM, NO and iNOS than birds on the control treatment. Serum $Ca^{2+}$ level of birds fed 100 mg/kg COS tended to be higher (p = 0.049) than in birds fed CTC. On d 42, the birds fed 100 mg/kg COS had higher (p<0.05) concentrations of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IgM in serum than birds in both the CTC and control treatments. Birds fed 100 mg/kg COS had a higher concentration of IFN-$\gamma$ than the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of COS appeared to improve the immunity of broilers by promoting the weight of the main immune organs, increasing IgM secretion, stimulating microphages to release $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and IFN-$\gamma$, and activating iNOS to induce NO.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2009

본 연구는 한우 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type1(IP3R1) 유전자를 대상으로 SNP를 발굴하고, 도체형질과의 관련성 분석을 위하여 수행하였다. PCR 및 염기서열 결정법을 통해 IP3R1 유전자내 3개의 SNP를 발굴하였고, 이중 intron 29에 위치하는 SNP의 경우 미 보고된 신규 SNP로 확인되었다. 발굴된 3개의 SNP를 대상으로 표현형 기록치를 보유한 후대검정우 583두에 대하여 유전자형 분석 및 관련성 분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과 3개의 SNP 중 g.1428617A>G SNP가 생시체중(P<0.05) 및 도체중(P<0.01)과 유의적인 상관관계가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 추후 한우 개량을 위한 유전자 마커로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.281-290
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• 1999

토양 미생물 A. tumefaciens로부터 cytokinin 합성효소 (ipt) 유전자를 분리하여 형질전환 식물을 작성하였다. 도입된 ipt 유전자는 모든 조직에서 발현되었으며, 잎에서의 발현량이 서로 다른 3개의 형질전환 식물체를 선발하였다. 선발한 식물체는 도입유전자의 고정을 위하여 2회 자가수정을 거쳐 homozygous 식물체를 작성한 후 해석하였다. 형질전환 식물체는 노화가 지연되어 녹엽을 유지하였으며, 측아로부터 측지가 분얼하여 그 수가 증가하였을 뿐만아니라, 각 마디에서 복수의 본엽이 생성되었다. 식물체의 노화가 가장 많이 진행된 잎에서의 chlorophyll 함량은 형질전환 식물체에서 1.5~4배 정도로 wild-type에 비하여 월등히 높았다. 이러한 결과는 축적된 cytokinin이 식물의 노화를 지연시킬 뿐만 아니라, 분얼 및 잎수를 증가시켜 식물의 수량을 증가시켰음을 나타낸다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2012

Stimulation of mast cells through the high affinity IgE receptor (Fc${\varepsilon}$RI) induces degranulation, lipid mediator release, and cytokine secretion leading to allergic reactions. Although various signaling pathways have been characterized to be involved in the Fc${\varepsilon}$RI-mediated responses, little is known about the precious mechanism for the expression of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in mast cells. Here, we report that rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), reduces the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. IgE or specific antigen stimulation of RBL-2H3 cells increases the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and activates various signaling molecules including S6K1, Akt and p38 MAPK. Rapamycin specifically inhibits antigeninduced TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA level, while other kinase inhibitors have no effect on TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA level. These data indicate that mTOR signaling pathway is the main regulation mechanism for antigen-induced TNF-${\alpha}$ expression. TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA stability analysis using reporter construct containing TNF-${\alpha}$ adenylate/uridylate-rich elements (AREs) shows that rapamycin destabilizes TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA via regulating the AU-rich element of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA. The antigen-induced activation of S6K1 is inhibited by specific kinase inhibitors including mTOR, PI3K, PKC and $Ca^{2+}$chelator inhibitor, while TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA level is reduced only by rapamycin treatment. These data suggest that the effects of rapamycin on the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA are not mediated by S6K1 but regulated by mTOR. Taken together, our results reveal that mTOR signaling pathway is a novel regulation mechanism for antigen-induced TNF-${\alpha}$ expression in RBL-2H3 cells.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.561-574
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• 2000

Poly-P has been used to prevent decomposition of foods and has been shown to have inhibitory effect on the growth of gram positive bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of poly-P on the growth of Porphyromonas endodontalis, a gram negative obligate anaerobic rod, endodontopathic bacterium. P. endodontalis ATCC 35406 was in BHI broth containing hemin and vitamin K with or without poly-P. Inhibitory effect of each poly-P which was added at the beginning(lag phase) or during(exponential phase) the culture, MIC(minimum inhibitory concentration) was determined by measuring the optical density of the bacterial cell at 540nm. Viable cell counts were measured to determined whether poly-P has a bactericidal effect. Leakage of intracellular nucleotides from P. endodontalis was determined at 260nm and morphological change of P. endodontalis was observed under the TEM(transmission electron microscope). Binding of 32P-labeled poly-P to P. endodontalis was examined. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and zymography were performed to observe the changes in protein and enzyme profiles of P. endodontalis, respectively. The results from this study were as follows : 1. The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of poly-P to P. endodontalis appeared to be 0.04~0.05%. 2. Poly-P added to the P. endodontalis culture during the exponential phase of P. endodontalis was as much effective as poly-P added at the begining of the culture, suggesting that the antibacterial effect of poly-P is not much dependent on the initial inoculum size of P. endodontalis. 3. Poly-P are bactericidal to P. endodontalis, demonstrating the decrease of the viable cell counts. 4. Intracellular nucleotide release from the P. endodontalis, was not increased in the presence of poly-P and was not reversed by the addition of divalent cations like $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2-}$. 5. Under the TEM, it was observed that fine electro-dense materials were prominent in the poly-P grown P. endodontalis, appearing locally in the cell, and the materials were more abundant and more dispersed in the cell as the incubation time with poly-P increased. In addition, highly electron dense granules accumulated in many poly-P grown cells, most of which were atypical in their shape. 6. Binding of 32P-labeled poly-P to P. endodontalis appeared to be 32.8 and 45.5 and 53.4% at 30 minutes, 1 hours and 2 hours, respectively. 7. In the presence of poly-P. the synthesis of proteins with apparent molecular masses of 25, 27, 35, 45 was lost or drastically decreased whereas expression of a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 75 was elevated. 8. Proteolytic activity of P. endodontalis was decreased by poly-P. The overall results suggest that use of poly-P may affect the growth of P. endodontalis, and the anti-bacterial activity of poly-P seems largely bactericidal. Changes in shape, protein expression, and proteolytic activity of P. endodontalis by poly-P may be directly and indirectly attributed to the antibacterial effect of poly-P. Further studies will be needed to confirm the effect of poly-P.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.290-296
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• 2016

본 시험은 풋거름작물인 헤어리베치, 풋거름보리, 그리고 헤어리베치와 보리를 혼파 재배한 다음 토양에 환원하고 수수를 이식하여 재배하였다. 풋거름작물이 수수 재배 토양에 미치는 영향을 조사하였고, 수수의 생육 및 수량을 조사하였다. 풋거름작물을 통한 질소공급량은 헤어리베치+보리 혼파구에서 ha당 145 kg이었으며, 헤어리베치 단파구는 81 kg, 풋거름보리 단파구는 74 kg이었다. 풋거름작물을 이용하여 수수를 재배할 경우 토양 산도(pH)가 높아지고 치환성 양이온 함량과 총질소 함량도 증가하여 토양의 화학성이 개선되었다. 또한 풋거름작물을 이용하여 수수를 재배할 경우 토양내 총탄소 함량이 증가하여 향후 농업부분 온실가스 감축에도 기여할 것으로 기대되었다. 수수 생육단계별 엽색도는 헤어리베치+보리 혼파구에서 가장 높았고 헤어리베치 단파구에서 가장 낮았다. 수수의 종실 수량구성요소인 주당립중은 헤어리베치+보리 혼파구에서 가장 무거웠고 천립중은 통계적인 유의성을 보이지 않았다. 수량은 10a당 헤어리베치+보리 혼파구에서 평균 427 kg, 헤어리베치와 풋거름보리 단파구에서 379 kg이 생산되어 화학비료를 시용한 관행구 369 kg 보다는 높았다. 따라서 화학비료를 시용하지 않고 헤어리베치+보리 혼파재배로 친환경으로 수수를 재배하는 것이 가장 유리할 것으로 판단되었다.