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Effects of Green Manure on Soil Properties and Grain Yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench)

수수 재배 시 풋거름작물 이용이 토양특성 변화와 수수의 수량에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Sung-Kook (Department of Central Area Crop Scence, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Jung, Gun-Ho (Department of Central Area Crop Scence, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Shin, Sung-Hyu (Department of Central Area Crop Scence, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Min-Tae (Department of Central Area Crop Scence, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Chung-Guk (Department of Central Area Crop Scence, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Shim, Kang-Bo (Department of Central Area Crop Scence, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA)
  • 김성국 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부) ;
  • 정건호 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부) ;
  • 신성휴 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부) ;
  • 김민태 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부) ;
  • 김충국 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부) ;
  • 심강보 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부)
  • Received : 2016.10.02
  • Accepted : 2016.11.03
  • Published : 2016.12.31

Abstract

Green manure has been used as alternative to chemical fertilizer. To evaluate the effect of green manure on the chemical properties of top-soil and sorghum yield, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth, HV), manure barley (MB), and a mixture of hairy vetch and manure barley (HV+MB) were incorporated into the soil at a rate of $100kg-N\;N\;ha-1$ before the sorghum was transplanted. Total biomass of sorghum grown in the HV, MB, and HV+MB treatments was 13.1, 31.6, and $25.2t\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, and the nitrogen production of the treatments was 81, 74, and $145kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. The SPAD value of the uppermost leaf of sorghum plants grown in the soils with HV, MB, or HV+MB were very similar until heading stage; however, at maturity, the SPAD value of sorghum cultivated in the soils with HV was lower than that of sorghum in the soils with MB or HV+MB. This could be because the nitrogen release from HV was too rapid to supply nitrogen to sorghum during the later stage of grain filling. Compared with chemical fertilizers, the incorporation of green manure increased the pH, exchangeable cations ($K^+$, $Mg{^{+}^{+}}$, and $Ca{^{+}^{+}}$), and total nitrogen in soil postharvest, indicating an improvement in soil chemical properties. Total carbon content increased in soil with green manure incorporated, but decreased in the chemical fertilized soil, suggesting that sorghum cultivation using green manure may sequester carbon in soils. The yield of sorghum cultivated with green manure was not different from the yield of sorghum cultivated with chemical fertilizers. These results suggest that the mixture of hairy vetch and manure barley can be a useful chemical fertilizer alternative in sorghum cultivation.

본 시험은 풋거름작물인 헤어리베치, 풋거름보리, 그리고 헤어리베치와 보리를 혼파 재배한 다음 토양에 환원하고 수수를 이식하여 재배하였다. 풋거름작물이 수수 재배 토양에 미치는 영향을 조사하였고, 수수의 생육 및 수량을 조사하였다. 풋거름작물을 통한 질소공급량은 헤어리베치+보리 혼파구에서 ha당 145 kg이었으며, 헤어리베치 단파구는 81 kg, 풋거름보리 단파구는 74 kg이었다. 풋거름작물을 이용하여 수수를 재배할 경우 토양 산도(pH)가 높아지고 치환성 양이온 함량과 총질소 함량도 증가하여 토양의 화학성이 개선되었다. 또한 풋거름작물을 이용하여 수수를 재배할 경우 토양내 총탄소 함량이 증가하여 향후 농업부분 온실가스 감축에도 기여할 것으로 기대되었다. 수수 생육단계별 엽색도는 헤어리베치+보리 혼파구에서 가장 높았고 헤어리베치 단파구에서 가장 낮았다. 수수의 종실 수량구성요소인 주당립중은 헤어리베치+보리 혼파구에서 가장 무거웠고 천립중은 통계적인 유의성을 보이지 않았다. 수량은 10a당 헤어리베치+보리 혼파구에서 평균 427 kg, 헤어리베치와 풋거름보리 단파구에서 379 kg이 생산되어 화학비료를 시용한 관행구 369 kg 보다는 높았다. 따라서 화학비료를 시용하지 않고 헤어리베치+보리 혼파재배로 친환경으로 수수를 재배하는 것이 가장 유리할 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

References

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