• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997

For the purpose of improving the chemotherapeutic index of acyclovir(ACV), it was conjugated with asialofetuin(AF), which has been reported to enter into hepatocytes. When $[H^3]$ acyclovir in itself or its conjugate were administered to rats, the latter was taken up more selectively by the liver than any other tissues. The stability of ACVMP-AF conjugate in phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) and rat liver homogenate showed a pseudo-first order profile. ACVMP-AF, however, was relatively stable in pH7.4 phosphate buffer and rat plasma. The conjugate was added to the isolated rat hepatocyte and cellular uptake was monitored by scintillation counting for up to 6 hours at $37^{\circ}C$. Hepatocytes incubated with the conjugate exhibited radioactivities significantly enhanced over control levels dose-dependently, i.e., a 3-40 fold increase in radioactivities was observed over controls at the conjugate concentrations of $0.1-10\;{\mu}g/ml$. The AUQ in the liver, kidney, spleen, intestine and lung was higher in treatment with ACVMP-AF than that in treatment with ACV. In treatment with ACVMP-AF, the weighted-average overall drug targeting efficiency(Te) for the liver was higher than in treatment with ACV(57.00 vs 13.31 %), and the weighted-average tissue exposure(Re) was 5.03 for the liver. These results indicated that ACVMP-AF conjugate was rapidly taken up by hepatocytes and could be an efficient and selective hepatic targeting system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1656-1660
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fermented fruits (FF) on the growth performance, Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillus counts in faeces of the post-weaning piglets. A total of twenty-four 4 weeks old Landrace${\times}$ Large White${\times}$Duroc with initial body weight of 6 kg were used in this study. The piglets were housed individually in metabolic cage and randomly assigned to four groups with six piglets per group. The piglets were fed on basal diet without antibiotic (AF), basal diets with antibiotic (Ab), basal diet with 10% (w/w) fermented fruit (10% FF) and basal diet with 20% (w/w) fermented fruit (20% FF). Faecal samples were taken directly from the rectum of each piglet and cultured for Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillus counts. In the growth performance, the piglets of Ab and 10%FF had significantly higher (p<0.05) average daily gain than those of 20%FF. However, no differences (p>0.05) were observed between AF, Ab and 10%FF. Studies showed that the use of fermented fruits (FF) could significantly (p<0.05) reduce Enterobacteriaceae population in piglets' faeces compared to the use of normal feed (AF) and antibiotic (Ab). However, the Lactobacillus population in the faeces was increased in those piglets fed with diets added with FF.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.379-384
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• 2001

Long terminal repeats(LTRs) of the human endogenous retrovirus(HERV) heve been found to be coexpresed with genes located nearby. It has been suggested that the LTR elements have contributed to the genetic variation of human genome connected to various diseases. Recently, HERV-W family was identified in the cerebrospinal fluids and brains of individuals with schizophrenia. Using cHNA library derived from human fetal brain, we performed PCR amplification and identified seven new HERV-W LTR elements. Those LTR elements showed a high degree of sequence similarity(98∼99%) with HERV-W (AF072500). A phylogentic tree obtained by the neighbor-joining method revealed that seven new HERV-W LTR elements(FB-1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12) were closely related to the AX000960, AF072504, and AF072506 from Gen Bank database. Our data suggest that several copy numbers of the HERV-W LTR elements are expressed in human feta brain and may contribute to an understanding of biological function connected to neuropsychiatric diseases.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.29-34
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• 2014

This paper has an purpose to study the effect of C on the toughness of YS 460 MPa FCAW weld metal. These effects were evaluated by charpy impact and CTOD test about 4 FCAW weld metal containing various C and Si content in relation to microstructure. Increase of C content was helpful to increase AF volume fraction and reduce PF(G) and FS volume fraction by increasing super cooling rate for ferrite transformation. Also, Increase of C content up to 0.045wt% made the strength and impact toughness higher by increasing AF volume fraction. The weld metal containing higher C content indicated higher CTOD value. It is because the volume fraction of PF(G) and FS, can play a role as crack initiation site, was reduced. Effect of C on the strength and elongation of weld metal was higher with an increase of Si contents.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.933-938
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• 2005

To investigate pertinent packaging treatment of fresh-cut potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), potato cubes were subjected to passive, gas exchange, and vacuum packaging conditions. Low density polyethylene film (LDPE), polypropylene film (PP), anti-fogging film (AP), and perforated film (PF) were used as passive packaging treatments. Mixed gases of 5% $CO_2/5%\;O_2$ (MA1) and 10% $CO_2/5%\;O_2$ (MA2) were applied as gas exchange packaging. Packs filled with cubes were kept at $5^{\circ}C$, and changes in weight loss, surface color, vitamin C content and sensory quality of cubes were analyzed during storage. Respiration rate of cubes was 2.11 times higher than that of intact raw potatoes at $5^{\circ}C$. Gas concentrations in passive packaging was maintained at 1-2% $O_2$ and 4-14% $CO_2$ after 7 days. Gas levels changed depending on films used. Cubes packed in PP and MA2 showed lowest weight loss and browning during storage. Firmness of cubes was not affected by packaging treatment. Vitamin C content was highest in cubes packed with AF. Cubes packed in MA2 showed highest quality upto 10days storage, followed by those packed in PP and AF.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1973

Studies were carried out to investigate the relationship of the remaining percentage of antiseptics and the preservative effect of combined antiseptics and gamma radiation on the keeping quality of pork sausage. Antiseptics quantities, total bacterial counts, and pH were examined during the storage at $5^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) After irradiation, quantities of antiseptics decreased in proportion to the level of dosage and K-SOA showed more radiosensitivity than AF-2 (p<0.01). 2) The remaining percentage of antiseptics during storage were higher in samples of more irradiated and stored at the lower temperature. AF-2 decreased less than K-SOA. 3) The correlation between the increase of total bacteria counts and percentage of antiseptics survival in sausage was highly significant(p<0.01). High doses of irradiation, storage at lower temperature and use of AF-2, however, seemed to be effective in controlling the increase of total bacterial flora. 4) From the relationships among quantities of antiseptics, number of total bacteria and sensory evaluation, it was shown that the most suitable radiation dose was considered to be 0.5 Mrad, which was superior to 0.75 Mrad in keeping qualities and nonirradiation odor. 5) Effect of gamma ray on the heme pigments of sausage surface was not recognized.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 1987

Hardened cement paste is mainly affected by corrosion of sulphate and chlorine ions in sea water. In this investigation, many specimens were made with the cement clinker minerals such as C3S, C3A, C4AF and their mixture according to cement composition added various blending materials. After the specimens were immersed in 4% MgSO4 and MgCl2 solutions, the product of reaction, the microstructure of specimen and Ca+2 ion leached in the solution were studied. The formation of Ca(OH)2 in the specimen of C3S is reduced relatively by adding pozzolanic admixtures. The chlorine ion is easily diffuse into the C3S specimen and produced CaCl2 compound, and it makes the specimen porous by leaching out itself into the solution. The specimen of C3A, C4AF are broken down by expanding reaction of ettringite and gypsum compound produced in the MgSO4 solution. At a later period, the ettringite is transformed into gypsum and 5MgO.2Al2O3·15H2O. The C3A in the MgCl2 solution combines chlorine ion to form Friedel's salt and prevents the diffusion reaction of chlorine ion into the specimen. Granulated slag shows inferior effect on the resistance of the specimen in MgSO4 solution by forming ettringite and gypsum, but good result in MgCl2 solution. Pozzolanic materials, on the whole, offer noticable effect on the resistance of the specimen in both solutions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.313-319
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• 1999

The reverse transformation behavior was investigated by DSC analysis in thermomechanically processed Fe-30%Ni-0.35%C alloy. Upon increasing the heating rate from $5^{\circ}C/min$ to $80^{\circ}C/min$, the As point of the ausformed martensite was not changed and the As point of the marformed martensite decreased at reverse transformation. The Af points showed to be constant with increasing the heating rate both in the ausformed martensite and in the marformed martensite. With increasing the deformation degree, the As points of the ausformed martensite and the marformed martensite increased and the Af points appeared to be constant, structures. The enthalpy changes increased with increasing the heating rate, but decreased with increasing the deformation degree in both structures.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1151-1157
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• 2015

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for one of the most frequent sexually transmitted infections. The first phylogenetic analysis was based on a LCR region fragment. Nowadays, 4 variants are known: African (Af-1, Af-2), Asian-American (AA) and European (E). However the existence of sub-lineages of the European variant havs been proposed, specific mutations in the E6 and LCR sequences being possibly related to persistent viral infections. The aim of this study was a phylogenetic study of HPV16 sequences of endocervical samples from C${\acute{o}}$rdoba, in order to detect the circulating lineages and analyze the presence of mutations that could be correlated with malignant disease. The phylogenetic analysis determined that 86% of the samples belonged to the E variant, 7% to AF-1 and the remaining 7% to AF-2. The most frequent mutation in LCR sequences was G7521A, in 80% of the analyzed samples; it affects the binding site of a transcription factor that could contribute to carcinogenesis. In the E6 sequences, the most common mutation was T350G (L83V), detected in 67% of the samples, associated with increased risk of persistent infection. The high detection rate of the European lineage correlated with patterns of human migration. This study emphasizes the importance of recognizing circulating lineages, as well as the detection of mutations associated with high-grade neoplastic lesions that could be correlated to the development of carcinogenic lesions.

• Cement
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• s.87
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• pp.48-50
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• 1982

화학적인 면에서 황색 clinker를 생성하는 근본원인은 $Fe^{3+}$이온이 $Fe^{3+}$이온으로 되거나, $Mg^{2+}$이온이 $Fe^{3+}$에 작용할수 없는 경우다. 이러한 원인이 생기는 공정상의 요인으로는 전체적 또는 부분적인 환원분위기, 화염접촉 및 과소, 원료에 산화물이 함유된 경우, 서냉 또는 1,250$^{\circ}C$이하에서 냉각, 기타 MgO, $MnO_2$, $Cr_2O_3$, $TiO_2$ 등 미량성분의 경향을 들 수 있다. 환원분위기의 경우에는 free CaO의 증가, $C_3S$의 감소로 인한 강도저하와 $C_3A$ 증가, $C_4AF$ 감소에 의한 조기 경화를 초래하게 되어 품질이 저하된다.