• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.365-370
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• 2014

This study was conducted to determine the effects of seed storage methods ($-20^{\circ}C$, stratification, $2^{\circ}C$ dry, $2^{\circ}C$ wet and room temperature) and $GA_3$ application (control, $dH_2O$, 10, 100, 1000 ppm) on seed germination and seedling growth of S. lyratum. As a result seed germination rate of S. lyratum was the highest at 91% when seeds were stored at room temperature and then soaked for 24 hours in $GA_3$ 10 ppm. And seedlings of S. lyratum showed the best quality when seed were stored at $2^{\circ}C$ dry and then soaked for 24 hours in $GA_3$ 1000 ppm, with the growth characteristics of plant height (47 mm), number of leaves (8), leaf width (12 mm), leaf length (19 mm), fresh weight (aerial/root part; 471/476 mg), dry weight (aerial/root; 106/41 mg) and seedling quality indices (106). Therefore, S. lyratum seed were stored at $2^{\circ}C$ dry, and then soaked for 24 hours in $GA_3$ 1000 ppm, seed germination rate was more than 80% and production of superior quality container seedlings.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.237-246
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• 2009

Digitalization of not only non-safety but also safety-grade I &C systems with full computerized Main Control Room (MCR) is the recent trend of I&C systems of nuclear power plants (NPP) around the world, while plant maintenance has been shifting from traditional time based maintenance to condition based maintenance. In order to cope with the new trend of operation and maintenance in NPP, a concept of online distributed diagnostic system for both plant operation and maintenance has been proposed in order to further improve both the plant efficiency and the work environment of plant operation staff members by organizational learning. In this respect, the research subjects of human machine interface (HMI) for the online distributed diagnostic system are also discussed for supporting the plant personnel at both MCR and local working places in the plant by the application of advanced ICT (Information and Communication Technologies).

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.51-55
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• 2002

Green peppers (Capsicum annuum L. cv, Soonjung) were grown under different combinations of $CO_2$ concentration and temperature levels and examined on the effect of elevated $CO_2$ and temeprature on plant growth, carbon and nitrogen concentrations. Plant height was stimulated by elevated $CO_2$ levels at 20.3 and 22.6$^{\circ}C$. Leaf area and fresh weight were remarkedly increased by high $CO_2$ concentration at 22.6$^{\circ}C$. Dry weights of leaf, stem, root, and whole plant were increased as temperature increased at 611 ppm $CO_2$, but those values decreased at 22.6$^{\circ}C$ in 397 ppm $CO_2$ concentration. Elevated $CO_2$ increased plant growth by 1.5 times at 20.5$^{\circ}C$ and 22.6$^{\circ}C$. C/N ratio increased with increasing temperature under elevated $CO_2$ levels.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.376.3-376
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• 2001

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.262-271
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• 2008

Natural abundances of stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon (${\delta}^{15}N$ and ${\delta}^{13}C$) are being widely used to study N and C cycle processes in plant and soil systems. Variations in ${\delta}^{15}N$ of the soil and the plant reflect the potentially variable isotope signature of the external N sources and the isotope fractionation during the N cycle process. $N_2$ fixation and N fertilizer supply the nitrogen, whose ${\delta}^{15}N$ is close to 0%o, whereas the compost as. an organic input generally provides the nitrogen enriched in $^{15}N$ compared to the atmospheric $N_2$. The isotope fractionation during the N cycle process decreases the ${\delta}^{15}N$ of the substrate and increases the ${\delta}^{15}N$ of the product. N transformations such as N mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, assimilation, and the $NH_3$ volatilization have a specific isotope fractionation factor (${\alpha}$) for each N process. Variation in the ${\delta}^{13}C$ of plants reflects the photosynthetic type of plant, which affects the isotope fractionation during photosynthesis. The ${\delta}^{13}C$ of C3 plant is significantly lower than, whereas the ${\delta}^{13}C$ of C4 plant is similar to that of the atmospheric $CO_2$. Variation in the isotope fractionation of carbon and nitrogen can be observed under different environmental conditions. The effect of environmental factors on the stomatal conductance and the carboxylation rate affects the carbon isotope fractionation during photosynthesis. Changes in the environmental factors such as temperature and salt concentration affect the nitrogen isotope fractionation during the N cycle processes; however, the mechanism of variation in the nitrogen isotope fractionation has not been studied as much as that in the carbon isotope fractionation. Isotope fractionation factors of carbon and nitrogen could be the integrated factors for interpreting the effects of the environmental factors on plants and soils.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.198-202
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• 2004

The overwinter and survival of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Glomerella cingulata in strawberry tissues under field conditions was investigated in 2001 and 2002. The rates of overwinter survival in plant petiole, runner and crown were 68.7,14.3, and 26.7％, respectively. But, under field condition, viable conidia of overwinter were not detected at the surface, 3, 5, and 10 cm depths of soil. To investigate the survival ability in soil and plant debris, C. gloeosporioides and G. cingulata isolates from strawberry were examined in laboratory and field. The viability of conidia was rapidly declined in all the treatments, with a 40％ reduction in population within 10 days. In soil, the survival ability of G. cingulata conidia was similiar to that of C. gloeosporioides. The survival rate of conidia was highest under cool and dry soil conditions, and was decreased by increasing both soil temperature and moisture content. Similar results were also obtained under the condition that infected petioles were buried in soil. Results suggested that conidia as well as plant debris might be a main primary inoculum source of strawberry anthracnose.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.112-115
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• 2010

To analyze the surface properties of bacteriophytochrome (BphP), five (2B8, 2C11, 3B2, 3D2, 3H7) anti-BphP monoclonal antibodies were produced by using full-length of BphP of Deinococcus radiodurnas. 2B8 and 2C11 preferentially recognized the epitopes at N-terminal region of BphP, whereas 3B2, 3D2 and 3H7 showed preferential affinities to the epitopes of C-terminal region of BphP.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.151-170
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• 1987

Taxa of genus Callicarpa in Korea were described taxonomically and studied interspecific relationships, based on the leaf length, leaf width, peduncle length, fruit width and geograhic distribution. Among 12 taxa reported previously in Korea, 3 forms of C. japonica were unifed to original species, C. japonica var. glabra was reserved, Whereas C. shirasawana was not distributed in Korea. As a result, 7 taxa belonging to 3 species, 4 varieties of genus Callicarpa remained. C. japonica complex is considered to be more advanced among the species compared with the bract shapes.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.343-347
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the dwarfing effect in variable temperature treatments on 1-year-old and 3-year-old Chloranthus glaber. The plants grown in four difference growth chamber under a mean light intensity $500{\pm}20$ lux, RH of $40{\pm}5%$, and temperature of $5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, and $20^{\circ}C$ for 120 days from January 3, 2011. And then they were moved into a glass house (50% shading). In 1-year-old seedlings, the rate of plant height elongation was lowest at $5^{\circ}C$, but plant growth was not good. The number of leaves and leaf width were highly increased by $10^{\circ}C$ treatment although the plant height was slightly increased. Also the plant height of $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ was decreased and defoliation was started from the bottom leaves. Thus, $10^{\circ}C$ treatment was thought to be the most appropriate for dwarfing effect of 1-year-old seedlings. In 3-year-old seedlings, the plant height tended to increase with temperature, and growth pattern showed a similar trend between $5^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. The number of leaves increased the most at $5^{\circ}C$. Lateral branches per node were mainly occurred at $5^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$, whereas they almost didn't happen at $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. Flowering rate at $5^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ reached more than 90% and 60%, respectively, but it was too low at $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ until the end of August. From these results, it could improve plant quality of 1-year-old and 3-year-old Chloranthus glaber making compact potted plants when temperatures were maintained at $10^{\circ}C$ and $5^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 1994

To investigate the causes of distribution of Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. mostly restricted on the roadside and reclaimed land, plant growth was analyzed under different of tread-pressures: $P_1$(10 times/day, $16.34Kg/cm^2$), $P_2$(20 times/day, $31.52 Kg/cm^2$), $P_3$(30 times/day, $40.79 kg/cm^2$) and the control $P_c$(0 times/day, $3.73 Kg/cm^2$). The matter production in the $P_1$decreased compared with that in the $P_c$, and those in the $P_2$and $P_3$ continuously decreased so that its length growth gradually decreased and, in particular, the growth of leaves and nodule was suppressed. The number of leaves and roots tended to increase in the $P_2$and $P_3$. The water contents of roots following the increase of tread-pressure increased continuously. Following the increase of tread-pressure, T/R ratio and C/F ratio tended to increase. Kummerowia striata showed the highest growth in the $P_c$ and showed 26% relative growth in the $P_1$compared with that in the $P_c$. This plant showed 8% relative growth in the $P_3$, which is excess to the tread-pressure $21Kg/cm^2$, the limit of growth in the plant. Because this plant grew continuously in the P$_3$, the tread-pressure is regarded as an important factor affecting the roadside distribution of this plant.