• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.1598-1602
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• 2009

The particle size of Li[$Ni_{0.2}Li_{0.2}Mn_{0.6}]O_2$ cathode powder was controlled effectively by dispersion using lauric acid as a surfactant. The samples treated by lauric acid showed smaller particles of approximately half the original size compared to the particles of a pristine sample. A structural change due to the dispersion of Li[$Ni_{0.2}Li_{0.2}Mn_{0.6}]O_2$ powder was not detected. The rate performance of the Li[$Ni_{0.2}Li_{0.2}Mn_{0.6}]O_2$ cathode was improved by dispersion using lauric acid, which was likely due to the decrease of the particle size. In particular, a sample dispersed pristine powder using lauric acid (L2) presented a greatly enhanced discharge capacity and capacity retention at a high C rate. The discharge capacity of a pristine sample was only 133 m$Ahg^{-1}$ (3C rate) and 96 m$Ahg^{-1}$ (12C rate) at the tenth cycle. In contrast, the L2 electrode delivered higher discharge capacities of 160 m$Ahg^{-1}$ (3C rate) and 129 m$Ahg^{-1}$ (12C rate) at the tenth cycle. The capacity retention at a rate of 12C/2C was also enhanced from ~ 45% (pristine sample) to 57% (L2) by treatment with lauric acid.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.115-118
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• 1986

This study was carried out to obtain an information for the earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) as total lipid, three lipid classes and their fatty acid compositions. Total lipids of earthworm consisted of 35.14% of neutral lipids, 41.74% of glycolipids and 23.12% of phospholipids. A wide variety of fatty acid esters ranging from $C_{10}\;to\;C_{22}$were identified and lower fatty acids than $C_{10}$ detected but not identified. In the neutral lipid, the major fatty acids were lauric acid, oleic acid, myristic acid and caproenoic acid. The fatty acid composition in the glycolipid was specific, so caproic acid content was 25.8% and unknown lower fatty acids than that were 23.22%. In the phospholipids, the major fatty acids were oleic acid, caproic acid, linolenic acid and behenic acid. Unsaturated fatty acid contents in the phospholipids were higher than in the neutral and glycolipids.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1987

The qualitative and quantitative analysis of fatty acids in the Korean White Poria cocos(Schw.) Wolf were performed. Dry powder of sample was extracted with chloroform-methanol(2 : 1, v/v) mixed solvent. The extract was saponified and methylated, and then analyzed by gas chromatography. Total 24 peaks were observed in the gas chromatogrom and 5 peaks i.e, $C_{8:0}\:;\:caprylic\:acid$, $C_{11:0}\:;\:undecanoic\:acid$, $C_{12:0}\:;\:lauric\:acid$. $C_{12:1}\:;\:dodecenoic\:acid$ and $C_{16:0}\:;\:palmitic\:acid$ were identified. Major components were $C_{8:0}\:and\:C_{12:1}$ were determined as $6.657\:{\mu}g/g\:and\:10.176{\mu}g/g$ respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.574-578
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• 2010

Archaebacteria Sulfolobus acidocaldarius contains the highly thermophilic cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP119). CYP119 possesses stable enzymatic activity at up to $85^{\circ}C$. However, this enzyme is still considered as an orphan P450 without known physiological function with endogenous or xenobiotic substrates. We characterized the regioselectivity of lauric acid by CYP119 using the auxiliary redox partner proteins putidaredoxin (Pd) and putidaredoxin reductase (PdR). Purified CYP119 protein showed a tight binding affinity to lauric acid ($K_d=1.1{\pm}0.1{\mu}M$) and dominantly hydroxylated (${\omega}-1$) position of lauric acid. We determined the steady-state kinetic parameters; $k_{cat}$ was 10.8 $min^{-1}$ and $K_m$, was 12 ${\mu}M$. The increased ratio to $\omega$-hydroxylated production of lauric acid catalyzed by CYP119 was observed with increase in the reaction temperature. These studies suggested that the regioselectivity of CYP119 provide the critical clue for the physiological enzyme function in this thermophilic archaebacteria. In addition, regioselectivity control of CYP119 without altering its thermostability can lead to the development of novel CYP119-based catalysts through protein engineering.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.212-221
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• 2008

In order to investigate the information for effective detection and developing of latent fingerprints, we identified fatty acids composition of latent fingerprints on non-porous evidence surface and the chemical changes of latent fingerprint residue after print deposition during 7 months. Fingerprints from eight Korean male donors (aged 29-50 years) and one female donor (aged 36 years) were collected. All fingerprints were found to contain lauric acid (C12:0), myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), elaidic acid (C18:1n9t), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), arachidic acid (C20:0), linolenic acid (C18:3n3), erucic acid (C22:1n9) and docosadienoic acid (C22:2) and primarily palmitic acid (35.45-48.37%), oleic acid (14.84-28.49%), stearic acid (9.71-24.96%) and linoleic acid (7.68-18.8%) occupied 75% of total fatty acids. When the fingerprints were deposited at dark room for 7 months, total fatty acids components decreased about 12-25%. It can be explained that significant degradation of long-chain fatty acids such as elaidic acid (C18:1n9t), arachidic acid (C20:0), linolenic acid (C18:3n3), erucic acid (C22:1n9), and docosadienoic acid (C22:2) resulted in the generation of myristic acid (C14:0), myristoleic acid (C14:1) and pentadecanoic acid (C15:0).

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2000

To investigate fatty acid constituents and relative compositions in the fluid of the follicles, oviducts, uterine ho군 and uterine body in sows, the fluids of the reproductive tract were analyzed using Gas chromatography. The samples were taken from various reproductive tract of 21 sows slaughtered. 1. Caprylic acid(C8: 0), capric acid(C10:0), lauric acid(C12:0), myristic acid(C14:0), palmitic acid(C16:0), plamitolele acid(C16:1), stearic acid(C18:0), oleic acid(C18:1), linoleic acid(C18:2) and arachidonic acid(C20:4) were found in the reproductive tracts of the sows, which made 10 kinds of fatty acid intotal. 2. Two kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid and archidonic acid were found inthe reproductive tracts. 3. Palmitic acid among saturated fatty acids and oleic acid among unsaturated fatty acids were the hihgest level in all of the reproductive tracts. 4. Palmitic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid showed higher rate with 44.89%, 23.69% and 14.36%, respectively, and lauric acid, capric acid, palmitoleic acid, arachidonic acid ad myristic acid showed lower rate with 0.62%, 1.13%, 1.65%, 1.97% and 2.24%, respectively in the reproductive fluid. 5. The highest level of arachidonic acid was found in the uterine horn. 6. The sum of the palmitic acid and oleic acid were 66.91%, 70.41%, 66.14% and 73.36% in the fluid of follicle, oviduct, uterine horn and uterine body, respectively. 7. The relative composition of arachidonic acid was higher during the follicular stage than during the luteal phase in the fluid of oviduct and uterine. 8. The long chain fatty acids such as the palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid showed higher relative compositions during the follicular phase(93.18%∼96.83%) than during the luteal phase(82.56%∼88.37%). 9. Caprylic acid, luric acid and palmitoleic acid were undetected in the fluid of all of the reproductive tracts during the follicular phase. Low relative compositions of capric acid, myristic acid andarachidonic acid were found during the follicular phase, while the low relative compositions (<5%)of capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, plamitoleic acid and arachidonic acid were found during the luteal phase.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.107-111
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• 2006

Kernel oils of Lindera erythrocarpa seeds had high level of unusual fatty acid. Picolinyl ester of this unknown fatty acid showed molecular ion at m/z = 317 with other diagnostic ions such as m/z = 151, 191 (40 amu between two peaks), 204, and 218 on GC-MS. Characteristic peak at $720\;cm^{-1}$ appeared in IR spectrum. In $^1H-NMR$ spectrum both methylene protons at C-3 and C-6 resonated at ${\delta}2.309$ and ${\delta}2.012$, and methine protons of double bond resonated in lower magnetic field centered at ${\delta}5.296$ (C-4) and ${\delta}5.387$ (C-5) as multiplet (J = 9.7Hz). In $^{13}C-NMR$, signals at ${\delta}22.669$ and ${\delta}27.048$ were due to C-3 and C-6 of ${\delta}^4$-monoenoic acid. Results obtained from spectroscopic measurements confirmed unknown fatty acid as cis-4-tetradecenoic acid (cis-4-$C_{14:1}$). Main fatty acid components of oils were cis-4-$C_{14:1}$ (44.5-45.1%), oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$), 20.4-21.3%), and lauric acid ($C_{12:0}$, 11.6-12.4%), along with trace amounts of cis-4-$C_{12:1}$ and cis-4-$C_{16:1}$.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.245-254
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• 2001

우리나라의 전통 발효식품인 고추장의 관능성 및 기능성을 더하여 품질을 향상시키기 위하여 전분질원료인 찹쌀무게에 대하여 2%. 4%, 6%, 및 8%의 다시마 분말을 첨가한 후 대조구와 함께 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 12일간 숙성시키면서 유리아미노산과 지방산 조성 acl 관능적 특성을 검토하였다. 숙정 중 대조고추장과 다시마고추장 모두에서 아미노질소는 서서히 증가하는 것으로 나타났으나 아미노질소의 경우 대조고추장에 비해 다시마 고추장에서 다소 낮게 나타났다. 숙성 30일째의 아미노질소량은 각각 171.31mg%, 172.10mg%, 174.18mg%, 185.60mg 및 161.70mg%로 최고값을 보였다 유리아미노산 중에서는 glutamic acid의 함량이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났는데 숙성 이 진행될수록 증가하였다. 또한 arginine, aspartic acid, proline, serine, leucine, lysine 도 비교적 높은 함량을 가졌다. 고추장에서 분리 확인된 지방산은 lauric acid myris-tic acid, palmitic acid stearic acid , oleic acid, linoleic acid 등이었고, 이들 중 oleic acid의 조성비율이 가장 높았고 palmitic acid가 다음으로 높았으며 stearic acid, lauric acid myristic acid의 경우 숙성 후기로 갈수록 산화되어 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 숙성 60일과 120일에 실시한 관능검사의 결과 8% 다시마 첨가구를 제외하고는 대조고추장과 비교하여 다시마 첨가구를 제외하고는 대조고추장과 비교하여 다시마 첨가가 고추장의 관능적 특서엥 영향을 미치지 않았으며 다시마 첨가수준이 높아질수록 높은 값을 나타내어 고추장에 다시마를 6% 정도 첨가하는 것이 적당하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.179-182
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• 1998

The structural changes of molecules on the water surface were measured by displacement currents and $\pi$-A isotherm. By using a theoretical equations we calculated charges($\Delta$Q) and dipole moment( $m_{z}$) of saturated fatty acids( $C_{12}$, $C_{14}$, $C_{16}$). The dynamic behavior of saturated fatty acid monolayers at the air/water interface was investigated using a displacement current-measuring technique coupled with the so called Langmuir film technique and also the dipole moment of the acids was determined.as determined.d.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.494-499
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• 2005

The chemical, physical, and emulsifying properties of BSF-1, which is an extracellular lipopolysaccharide biosurfactant produced by Klebsiella oxytoca strain BSF-1, were studied. BSF-1 was found to be composed mainly of carbohydrate and fatty acids. The average molecular weight was $1,700{\sim}2,000 kDa$. The polysaccharide fraction contained L-rhamnose, D-galactose, D-glucose, and D-glucuronic acid at a molar ratio of 3:1: 1:1. The fatty acid content was 1.1 % (w/w) and consisted mainly of palmitic acid (C16:0), 3-hydroxylauric acid (3-OH-C12:0), and lauric acid (C12:0). In terms of thermal properties, BSF-1 was revealed to have inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds. The hydrodynamic volume (intrinsic viscosity) of BSF-1 was 22.8dL/g. BSF-1 could be maintained as a stable emulsion for 48 h through a low-level reduction in surface tension. The optimal emulsification temperature was $30^{\circ}C$. Emulsification by BSF-1 was efficient at both acidic and neutral pH values.