• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.203-211
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• 1999

This study was performed to develop brand egg. Forty-four week-old Isa Brown were randomly assigned to 8 treatments and the number of hens were 300 per each group. Experimental period was about 10 weeks. The 8 treatment were as follows : astarich 2%(A), astarich 5%(B), chitch chitosan 2%(C), omega-3 powder 2%(D), pyrogreen 1%(E), greenpia 0.2%(F), hydrogenated soy oil 3%(G) and commercial layer feed(H). Eggs were collected at day 0, 7, 14, 40 and 70 for egg quality analyses. Laying rate was significantly higher in astarich groups(B, C) than ant other group, showing average of 88% of laying rate. In terms of egg factors, whole egg weight was the heaviest in control in control(A) and the lightest in omega-3 powder group(E), while egg yolk weight was the heaviest in astarich group(H). Haugh unit(HU) was the mean of 70 for all treatments and there were no significant differences among the treatments. Egg yolk color was significantly different among treatments during experimental period whenever yolk color was measured. At the day 7 after feeding of experimental diets, the yolk color of astarich 5% group(C) was darker and that of omega-3 powder group(E) lighter. The value of yolk color in astarich 5%(C) and 2%(B) was 14.2 and 12.5, respectively. But the rest of the groups did not show any differences in yolk color, showing mean of 11.5. In terms of shell thickness, shell tended to become thinner, but there were no defferences among treatments during experimental period. The mean value of shell thickness was 0.390mm. In conclusion, astarich groups may seem to produce the best possible quality of brand egg.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.187-199
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• 2002

This descriptive study was undertaken to measure quality of life score and investigate the correlation between the demographic characteristics, the diagnostic related characteristics, physical symptom and quality of life of breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy as on attempt to provide basic data to help them attain better qualify of life. The subjects for this study were 74 out-patients undergoing radiation therapy at C University hospital in Gwangju, from June, 1998 to July, 2000. The data were obtained using a convenient sampling technique. The tool of this study was the quality of life scale developed by Ro Yoo Ja. The data were analyzed using the SAS program for percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, GLM. The results were as follows: 1. The total average score for quality of life of the subjects was 137.22 and the range was from 38 to 227, item mean score(range 1-5) was 3.15. For each factor in qualify of life of life score, the mean scores(range 1-5) were as follows; family relationship 3.69, relationship with neighbors factor 3.40, self esteem 3.10, physical state and function 2.95, economic life 2.91, emotional fate 2.88. 2. The incidence of physical symptoms was seen fatigue($82.4\%$), skin change($43.2\%$), alopecia($41.9\%$), pain($41.9\%$), anorexia($39.2\%$), anemia($39.2\%$), and headache($31.1\%$) in that order. 3. The result of the analysis of the relationships between the quality of life scores and demogaphic characteristics were as follows : there were significant differences, between age(F=3.44, p=0.013), educational level(F=3.84, p=0.007), duration of marriage((F=5.06, p=0.003) and monthly income(F=4.72, p=0.005). 4. The result of the analysis of the relationships between quality of life scores and diagnostic related characteristics was as follows: there was a significant difference between incidence durations(F=5.02, p=0.003). 5. The correlation of emotional state, economic life, self esteem, physical sate & function, relationship with neighbors, relationship with family in quality of life of cancer patients revealed a positive correlation.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.71-75
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• 2002

This study was carried out to compare the bioavailability of $Ceclex^{(R)}$ (test drug, cefaclor 250 mg/capsule) with that of $Ceclor^{(R)}$ (reference drug) and to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of cefaclor in healthy Korean adult. The bioavailability was examined on 20 healthy volunteers who received a single dose (250 mg) of each drug in the fasting state in a randomized balanced 2-way crossover design. After dosing, blood samples were collected for a period of 6hours. Plasma concentrations of cefaclor were determined using HPLC with UV detection. The pharmacokinetic parameters $(AUC_{0-6hr},\;C_{max},\;T_{max},\;AUC_{int},\;K_e,\;t_{1/2},\;Vd)$ F, and CL/F) were calculated with non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. The ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the $T_{max},\;log-transformed\;AUC_{0-6hr}\;log-transformed\;C_{max},\;t_{l/2},\;V_d/F$, and CL/F. The ratios of geometric means of AUC0-6hr and $C_{max}$ between test drug and reference drug were $103.2\%\;(6.74\;{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml\;vs\;6.53{\pm}g{\cdot}hr/ml)\;and\;100.4\%\;(4.85\;{\mu}g\ml\;vs\;4.82\;{\mu}g/ml)$, respectively. The $T_{max}$ of test drug and reference drug were $0.9\pm0.38\;hr\;and\;0.83\pm0.34$ hrs, respectively. The $90\%$ confidence intervals of mean difference of logarithmic transformed $AUC_{0-6h},\;and\;C_{max}$ were log $0.98{\sim}log$ 1.08 and log $0.88{\sim}log1.15$, respectively. It shows that the bioavailability of test drug is equivalent with that of reference drug. The estimated half-life of this study was longer $(1.21\pm0.27\;hrs\;vs\;0.5-1\;hr)$, the Vd/F was larger $(68.89\pm25.72L$ vs 24.9L), and the CL/F was higher $(38.62\pm7.09\;L/hr$ vs 24.9 L/hr) than the previously reported values.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.487-494
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• 2010

Cooked pork can be easily contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus during carriage and serving after cooking. This study was performed to develop growth prediction models of S. aureus to assure the safety of cooked pork. The Baranyi and Gompertz primary predictive models were compared. These growth models for S. aureus in cooked pork were developed at storage temperatures of 5, 15, and $25^{\circ}C$. The specific growth rate (SGR) and lag time (LT) values were calculated. The Baranyi model, which displayed a $R^2$ of 0.98 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.27, was more compatible than the Gompertz model, which displayed 0.84 in both $R^2$ and RMSE. The Baranyi model was used to develop a response surface secondary model to indicate changes of LT and SGR values according to storage temperature. The compatibility of the developed model was confirmed by calculating $R^2$, $B_f$, $A_f$, and RMSE values as statistic parameters. At 5, 15 and $25^{\circ}C$, $R^2$ was 0.88, 0.99 and 0.99; RMSE was 0.11, 0.24 and 0.10; $B_f$ was 1.12, 1.02 and 1.03; and $A_f$ was 1.17, 1.03 and 1.03, respectively. The developed predictive growth model is suitable to predict the growth of S. aureus in cooked pork, and so has potential in the microbial risk assessment as an input value or model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.96-98
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• 2006

축산폐수는 축사가 대부분 상수원보다 상류지역에 산재하고 있어 이를 효과적으로 관리하기 어려우나, 연속 회분식 반응기(Sequencing Batch Reactor, SBR)는 장치가 간단하고 경제성이 우수하여 축산폐수처리에서 효율적으로 적용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 DO(Dissolved Oxygen)과 ORP(Oxidation-Reduction Potential)을 이용하여 지식기반 고장진단 시스템을 제안하였다. 실시간으로 얻어진 ORP, DO값들을 전처리하여, [ORP], [DO]외에 [ORP DO]합성data와 ORP, DO의 특징백터의 합에서 얻어진 fusion data의 총 4개의 data set을 이용하여 각각에 대한 진단과 분류성능을 검토하였다. 이 값을 이용하여 FCM (fuzzy C-mean) 클러스터링 한 후, K-PCA과 LDA로 차원축소시켜 특징백터를 추출하였다. 그리고 Hamming distance로 test data와 특징백터의 거리를 계산하여 각 class를 F1에서 F8까지 분류하였다. 그 결과 데이터를 그대로 이용하는 것 보다 차분데이터형태로 이용하는 것이 우수했으며 그 중 fusion 데이터의 결과가 다른 것들보다 향상된 결과를 보였다. 그리고 K-PCA와 LDA를 결합한 결과가 다른 방법에 비해 우수한 결과를 보였으며 fusion method를 이용한 최고인식율은 98.02%를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.111-129
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• 1984

The purpose of this study is to make a model of Family Life Cycle in Korea now. Answers to a questionnaire were collected from 724 housewives in Seoul area, 232 housewives in big cities, 203 housewives in small cities. The questionnaire contained 10 items about family situations,. Analyzing method employed for modeling to family life cycle are frequency, percentage, X2 -test . Results and findings are as follows; 1) The mean of first marriage age is 22.4yrs old. 23.5yrs old is the result of statistical materials published by E.P.B. 1975. The age of first marriage is higher according to the age, education & residential area. 2) The mean of first baby bearing age is 24.2 yrs old (generally 1 year after marriage). This age is the same as the result of statistical materials published by E.P.B. 3) the mean of last baby berating age is 32.6 yrs old compared to the E.P.B. statistical materials 3 yrs. low. This age is very different according to the age, education & residential area. 4) The mean of first child marriage age is 46.4 yrs old compared to the E.P.B. statistical materials 2.5 yrs old low. 5) the mean of last marriage age is 52.7 yrs old. this age is also 2.3 yrs low compared to the result of E.P.B. materials. 6) The number of child & interval is quite different according to the result of family planning generation of not. 7)According to the wife's employment, it does not show and difference. 8)The result of analyzing by F.L.C.,, we don't have launching stage & middle age stage apparently. So, we can make model of F.L.C. in Korea as follows (it will be change). 1) Establishment stage; from marriage to first baby born (23yrs old -24yrs old). 2) Child bearing & rearing stage; form first baby born to first child enter primary school(24 yrs old-30 yrs old). 3) Families with children's education stage; from first child primary school to high school graduation (30 yrs old-42yrs old) 4)Families with adult children stage; form first child got army college or stay at home(42 yrs- 48 yrs old). 5)Families with children's marriage stage; from first child marriage to last child marriage (48yrs old-57yrs old). 6) Aging stage; from last child marriage to self dying.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1C
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• pp.63-74
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• 2008

Site response analyses were performed based on equivalent linear technique using the local geologic and dynamic site characteristics, which include soil profiles, shear wave velocity profiles and depth to bedrock for 125 sites collected in Korean Peninsula. From the results of site response analyses, 2-parameters site classification system based on the combination of mean shear wave velocity of soil and depth to bedrock was newly recommended for regions of shallow bedrock depth in Korea. First, as the borders of bedrock depth (H) for site classification were determined as 10m and 20m, the soil sites were divided into 3 classes as $H_1$, $H_2$ and $H_3$ sites. And then, the 3 site classes were subdivided into 7 classes based on the mean shear wave velocity of soil ($V_{s,soil}$). The feasibility of new site classification system was verified and the representative site coefficients ($F_a$ and $F_v$) and design response spectrum were suggested by analyzing uniform trend and dispersion of site coefficients for each site class. The suggested site coefficients and the regression curves present the nonlinear characteristics of soils according to the change of rock outcrop acceleration with uniform trend effectively. From the comparison between the mean values of response spectrum which was acquired from the site response analysis and the suggested design response spectrum, there was a little difference in some of site classes and it was verified to adjust the integration interval to make it more suitable for the site condition in Korea.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.90-101
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• 2022

The study aims to assess composition, diversity and population indices of natural regeneration of woody species in Jebel El Gerrie forest reserve, Blue Nile State, Sudan. We conducted field work between December 2018 and January 2019. We used random sampling to collect vegetation data in the forest where we made a total of 90 circular sample plots (radius 17.84 m) and distributed them proportionally to the area of each of the four density-based vegetation classes of the forest i.e. high density (C1), medium density (C2), low density (C3) and crop land (C4). In each sample plot we identified all regenerating tree species and counted their regeneration frequencies. We calculated ecological metrics of regeneration frequency, density, abundance, richness, evenness, diversity and importance value index (IVI) and drew abundance rank curve. Results revealed that out of fifteen mature tree species present, natural regeneration of 8 species, which belong to 6 families, was observed. The relatively most frequently naturally regenerating and abundant species were Anogeissus leiocarpa and Combretum hartmannianum. Richness, evenness and diversity of regenerating species were 1.33, 0.82 and 1.7, respectively. One-way ANOVA (α=0.05) of mean regeneration densities disclosed that there were significant differences (F_3,86=16.77, p=0.000) between C2 & C3 (p=0.000) and C2 & C4 (p=0.000). While regeneration of seven tree species were absent, two, two and four species were of good, poor and fair regeneration status, respectively. A comparison of mean density of natural regeneration with that of parent trees reflects a poor regeneration status of the forest. The study provides empirical results on the regeneration status of species and signifies the need for management interventions for species conservation and restoration, maintenance of biodiversity and sustainable production.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.425-444
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• 2023

This study is to investigate the effect of interference between two C-shaped high-rise buildings by computational fluid dynamics (CFD), focusing on the variation of the local pressure coefficient (C_P) and the mean pressure coefficient (C_PMEAN). Sixteen building position cases are considered for the present study. These cases were based on the position and height of the interference building (IB). The pressure coefficient (C_P) is calculated on the principal building (PB) and is compared with an isolated building identical in shape and size. The interference effect on PB has also been presented in reference for the interference factor (IF). According to the findings, the maximum force coefficient on the PB is 0.971 and it is 10.97% more than the isolated PB when IB is located at position 2b (two times the width of the building), and the interfering height of 13H/15 mm. The moment coefficient on PB is 1.27, which is 27.36% less than the isolated case in which IB pushed 2b to 3b in the y direction with 750 mm height. In most of the cases, because of the shielding effect of the IB, the value of force coefficient (C_F) on PB has been reduced. On the face of the PB, there are also considerable differences in the mean pressure coefficient C_PMEAN. When IB was positioned at a location of 2b in Y direction and an interfering height of 13H/15 mm, the maximum C_PMEAN (1.58) was observed on the leeward face of PB.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.366-374
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• 2017

This study was conducted to explore the degree of female nursing student's dietary behavior, self esteem, dietary self-efficacy, life stress and the factors influencing dietary behavior of those surveyed. A total of 422 female nursing students in B, C city were surveyed. The data were collected between May 15 and 30 of 2016 and analyzed by a t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS WIN/21.0. The mean score of dietary behavior was $3.01{\pm}0.49$. In addition, there were significant differences in dietary behavior with respect to grade(F=4.823, p=0.008), residential type(F=6.067, p<.001), academic grade(F=3.907, p=0.021), health status(F=7.975, p<0.001), and degree of health concern(F=4.189, p=0.016). Moreover, there were negative correlations between dietary behavior and self esteem(r=-.238, p<0.001), and dietary self-efficacy(r=-0.438, p<0.001), while there was a positive correlation between dietary behavior and life stress(r=0.194, p<0.001). Regression analysis showed 26.7% of variance in female nursing student's dietary behavior can be explained by dietary self-efficacy, life stress, residental type, and degree of health concern. A follow-up survey investigating various factors influencing female nursing student's dietary behavior is needed and increased dietary behavior education and programs are required.