• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.10-12
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• 2003

This study was to monitor changes of leaf area index (LAI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), calculated from ground-based remotely sensed high resolution reflectance spectra, during rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. TNG 67) growth so as to determine their relationships and the optimum time period to use these parameters for yield prediction. Field experiments were conducted at the experimental farm of TARI to obtain various scales of grain yield and values of LAI and NDVI in the first and the second cropping seasons of 2001-2002. It was found that LAI and NDVI can be mutually estimated through an exponential relationship, and hence plant growth information and spectral remote sensing data become complementary counterparts through this linkage. Correlation between yield and LAI was best fitted to a nonlinear function since about 7 weeks after transplanting (WAT). The accumulated and the mean values of LAI from 15 days before heading (DBH) to 15 days after heading (DAH) were the optimum time period to predict rice yield for First Crops, while values calculated from 15 DBH to 10 DAH were the optimal timing for Second Crops.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 1995

Morphology, chromosome and transmission of potato virus Y(PVY) of the green peach aphid populations collected from tobacco fields were examined. Based on the morphological characteristics, especially values of linear discriminant functions and length of ultimate rostral segment, 8 green peach aphid clones with different color morphs could be divided into two groups, namely Myzus persicae and M. nicotianae, according to the proposal by Blackman in 1987. The red (RED)-, Brown (BRN)- and green-colored (GR1, GR2) aphid clones belonged to the M. nicotianae type, while the pale green (PG1, PG2, PG3) and dark brown (DBR) clones to the M. persicae type. The karyotype of the pale green-colored clone (PG1, M. persicae type) appeared normal and was 2n=12 with no indication of chromosomal translocation. On the contrary, in the green-colored aphid clone (GR1, M. nicotianae type), translocation and dissociation of autosome 3 were often found, having karyotype of 2n=13. Both of the above aphid clones transmitted PVY-VN to tabacco plants (cv. Burley 21), but the GR1 clone had higher transmissibility than the PG1 clone.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.146-150
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• 1995

The yield performance and nutrient quality of barley for pellets making from whole crop material were discussed during 1993-1994. Barley (cv. Olbori) was grown on paddy land after rice cutivation and was harvested at early stage of physiological maturity. A column type of whole crop pellets was produced by 1.5cm diameter and 2.5cm height. Barley war evaluated as a suitable materials for whole crop pellet making. Barley produced higher yield and better qualitative roughage in the utilization of pellet making than in the silage making. Dry matter yields were obtained 12.02 MTha in pellet making and 11.70 MT/ha in silage making. Net energy value of barley pellet were 6.54 MJ in net energy lactation and 635 SV in starch equivalent net energy. Feeding of barley pellet improved milk production of daily cattle Daily milk yields per head were 25.1 liter in silage feeding and 25.9 liter in pellet feeding. Production cost of pellets and silages made from whole crop barley were 169.07 won/kg and 124.15 won/kg dry matter, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.431-438
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• 2010

Anthers of sweet pepper $F_1$ cultivar 'Special' were cultured on Dumas De Vaulx (C medium), supplemented with $0.1mgL^{-1}$ 2, 4-D and $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ kinetin with 3% sucrose, and 0.32% phytagel. The calluses obtained were further sub-cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without growth regulators for regeneration. Regenerated plantlets were grown in plastic pots under plastic house and characterized their cytological and morphological characters in spring, 2008. Twenty percent plantlets were identified as haploid plants after chromosome and ploidy analysis. Haploid plants contained 12 chromosomes, high stomatal density with small stomatal length as compared to diploid plants. Stomatal length in haploids was 23.3% smaller than diploids. Haploid plants were characterized as small leaf and petiole size, poor vigor, thin stem and short plant height, short internodes and small flower buds, fruit size and fruit weight as compared to diploid plants and most of the haploid fruits were seedless. SP55, SP62, SP68, SP72 and SP77 are found high yielding double haploids with high total soluble content (8.6, 8.7, 9.2, 9.1 and $9.8^{\circ}Brix$, respectively) and desirable fruit shape, and recommended them to exploit as inbred lines for heterosis breeding.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.697-708
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to introduce gastric dysmotility as a common cause in patients with concurrent functional dyspepsia and chronic atrophic gastritis. Method: Dyspeptic symptoms, the Rydoraku score, gastric motility (electrogastrography, bowel sound analysis), gastric mucosa (gastroendoscopy), and blood and blood chemistry were all evaluated. For the treatment method, Pyengwi-san (solution) and Banwhasashim-tang (extract) were used as herbal drugs. Both ST36 electrical stimulation and simple immersion stimulation of CV11, 12, and 13 in the abdomen were applied. Results: Dyspeptic symptoms including indigestion, headache, and insomnia were all relieved. Gastric myoelectrical activity and gastric pyloric function were additionally improved. The condition of the gastric mucosa was changed from atrophic to erosive. Other side-effects of the treatment were not noted. Conclusion: The traditional Korean treatment showed effectiveness in the relief of dyspeptic symptoms and mucosal improvement of chronic atrophic gastritis. Gastric dysmotility is a common cause of the condition being concurrent with both functional dyspepsia and chronic atrophic gastritis without Helicobacter pylori infection.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.627-640
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• 2018

Submetering electricity consumption data enables more detail input of end use components, such as lighting, plug, HVAC, and occupancy in building energy modeling. However, such an modeling efforts and results are rarely tried and published in terms of the estimation accuracy of electricity demand. In this research, actual submetering data obtained from a university building is analyzed and provided for building energy modeling practice. As alternative modeling cases, conventional modeling method (Case-1), using reference schedule per building usage, and main metering data based modeling method (Case-2) are established. Detail efforts are added to derive prototypical schedules from the metered data by introducing variability index. The simulation results revealed that Case-1 showed the largest error as we can expect. And Case-2 showed comparative error relative to Case-3 in terms of total electricity estimation. But Case-2 showed about two times larger error in CV (RMSE) in lighting energy demand due to lack of End Use consumption information.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.53-68
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• 2023

Objectives : This study was conducted to analyze the Korean Medicine treatment on Tension-type Headache (TTH) in Korean clinical studies. Methods : Articles were searched from four Korean databases(KISS, RISS, OASIS, ScienceON). Study type, publication year, demographic information of participants, intervention type and details, outcome measurements and treatment results of selected articles were analyzed. Results : 17 articles were selected among those published until January 15th 2023. 'Cheonghyulgangki-tang', acupuncture at 'GV20', moxibustion at 'CV12', pharmacopunture at 'GB20', 'ByeolGab' were most frequently used in treatment on TTH. 'Numeric Rating Scale(NRS)' and 'Visual Analog Scale(VAS)' were most frequently used in outcome measurements. All of the articles exhibited that Korean Medicine treatments improved symptoms of TTH. Conclusion : This study showed that various Korean Medicine treatments for TTH were effective. This finding could be used in clinical practice and build the basis for the direction of clinical practice guidelines in future, Nevertheless, this study has few limitations. Further systematic reviews and meta analyses of randomized controlled trials are required for more evidence on Korean Medicine.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1318-1325
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• 1997

Background : Since the late 1960s, mechanical ventilation has been accomplished primarily using volume controlled ventilation(VCV). While VCV allows a set tidal volume to be guaranteed, VCV could bring about excessive airway pressures that may be lead to barotrauma in the patients with acute lung injury. With the increment of knowledge related to ventilator-induced lung injury, pressure controlled ventilation(PCV) has been frequently applied to these patients. But, PCV has a disadvantage of variable tidal volume delivery as pulmonary impedance changes. Since the concept of combining the positive attributes of VCV and PCV(dual control ventilation, DCV) was described firstly in 1992, a few DCV modes were introduced. Pressure-regulated volume control(PRVC) mode, a kind of DCV, is pressure-limited, time-cycled ventilation that uses tidal volume as a feedback control for continuously adjusting the pressure limit However, no clinical studies were published on the efficacy of PRVC until now. 'This investigation studied the efficacy of PRVC in the patients with unstable respiratory mechanics. Methods : The subjects were 8 mechanically ventilated patients(M : F=6 : 2, $56{\pm}26$ years) who showed unstable respiratory mechanics, which was defined by the coefficients of variation of peak inspiratory pressure for 15 minutes greater than 10% under VCV, or the coefficients of variation of tidal volume greater than 10% under PCV. The study was consisited of 3 modes application with VCV, PCV and PRVC for 15 minutes by random order. To obtain same tidal volume, inspiratory pressure setting was adjusted in PCV. Respiratory parameters were measured by pulmonary monitor(CP-100 pulmonary monitor, Bicore, Irvine, CA, USA). Results : 1) Mean tidal volumes($V_T$) in each mode were not different(VCV, $431{\pm}102ml$ ; PCV, $417{\pm}99ml$ ; PRVC, $414{\pm}97ml$) 2) The coefficient of variation(CV) of $V_T$ were $5.2{\pm}3.9%$ in VCV, $15.2{\pm}7.5%$ in PCV and $19.3{\pm}10.0%$ in PRVC. The CV of $V_T$ in PCV and PRVC were significantly greater than that in VCV(p<0.01). 3) Mean peak inspiratory pressure(PIP) in VCV($31.0{\pm}6.9cm$ $H_2O$) was higher than PIP in PCV($26.0{\pm}6.5cm$ $H_2O$) or PRVC($27.0{\pm}6.4cm$ $H_2O$)(p<0.05). 4) The CV of PIP were $13.9{\pm}3.7%$ in VCV, $4.9{\pm}2.6%$ in PVC and $12.2{\pm}7.0%$ in PRVC. The CV of PIP in VCV and PRVC were greater than that in PCV(p<0.01). Conclusions : Because of wide fluctuations of VT and PIP, PRVC mode did not seem to have advantages compared to VCV or PCV in the patients with unstable respiratory mechanics.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out to provide some information on the change of dry matter productivity and feed value (forage quality) according to growth stages of late-maturing variety, Hwasan 101, Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon from 2000 to 2002. In Suwon, booting, first heading, full heading and flowering stages of cv. Hwasan 101 were May 8, 18, 28 and June 3, respectively. Dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields of Hwasan 101 were tendency to be increased by the progress of growth. DM yield in first heading stage increased 50% more than DM 4,818 kg/ha of booting stage, and also DM yield in full heading stage was increased by 26% of DM 7,244 kg/ha of first heading. Crude protein content was decreased gradually by the progress of growth, which were 18.32, 15.12, 12.58 and 12.36% in booting, first heading, full heading and flowing stage, respectively. Acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents was increased and in vitro dry matter digestibility decreased gradually with progress of growth, but there was no difference between full heading and flowering stages. Considering DM yield and feed value of Italian ryegrass, the suitable cutting times seems between full heading and flowering stage.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 2010

Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen intermediates has been implicated in a variety of human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and mode of action of environmental toxicants. Tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP) is an organic lipid hydroperoxide analogue, which is commonly used as a pro-oxidant for evaluating mechanisms involving oxidative stress in cells and tissues. In this study, the underlying mechanisms involved in the protective effects of Hwabuk 94 kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hwabuk 94'), which is cultivated in Jeju, on the t-BHP-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cell. The pretreatment of rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 with Hwabuk 94 extract ($1-100\;{\mu}g/ml$) resulted in a significant recovery from t-BHP-induced cell death and increased Bcl-2 and procaspase-3 expression, whereas the expression of Bax and cleaved PARP were decreased in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control. Furthermore, Hwabuk 94 inhibited the t-BHP-induced p38 MAP kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase activations. Finally, these findings suggest that Hwabuk 94 kiwifruit might attenuate t-BHP-induced PC12 cell cytotoxicity, at least in part, through the inhibition of signaling pathways mediated by the ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase.