• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.323-328
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the reforming characteristics and optimum operating condition of the GlidArc-assisted $C_3H_8$ reforming reaction for the synthesis gas(SynGas) production without formation of carbon black from propane using GildArc plasma reforming. Also, in order to increase the hydrogen production and the propane conversion rate, 13 wt % nickel catalyst was filled into the catalytic reactor and parametric screening studies were conducted, in which there were the variations of vapor mole ratio$(H_2O/C_3H_8),\;CO_2$ mole ratio($CO_2/C_3H_8$), input power and injection flow rate. When the variations of vapor mole ratio, $CO_2$ mole ratio, input power and injection flow rate were 1.86, 0.48, 1.37 kW and 14 L/min, respectively, the conversion rate of the propane reached its most optimal condition, or 62.6%. Under the condition mentioned above, the dry basic concentrations of the SynGas were $H_2\;44.4%,\;CO\;18.2%,\;CH_4\;11.2%,\;C_2H_2\;2.0%,\;C_3H_6\;1.6%,\;C_2H_4\;0.6%\;and\;C_3H_4$ 0.4%. The conversion rate of carbon dioxide was 29.2% and the concentration ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide($H_2/CO$) in the SynGas was 2.4.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.45-50
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• 2010

The goal of paper is to investigate the flow and scalar distribution through the HP Nozzle Guide Vane (NGV) passage. Flow and scalar distribution measurement are conducted by using 5-hole pressure probe and $CO_2$ tracing technique, respectively. Three different experimental cases are considered depending on cooling flow condition. The result shows that the vortical secondary flow patterns are observed clearly and these flow characteristics maintain through the NGV passage regardless of cooling flow injection. Compared to center region, the high axial velocity flow is observed near wall region due to cooling flow injection. Without cooling flow, the $CO_2$ (scalar) distribution becomes to be uniform quickly due to the strong flow mixing phenomenon. However, in cases of cooling flow, scalar distribution is significantly non-uniform.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2001

Pressure-puffing system or extruder has been used to puff rice kernel or rice flour. Most of the study on rice puffing were the effect of process conditions such as moisture content and heating temperature on physical and chemical characteristics of popped rice. The study on mechanism and development of instant puffed rice like popcorn has been limited. Extruded waxy rice pellets were puffed in a microwave oven after drying and conditioning. Extruded pellets were formed with extrusion conditions of $20{\sim}27%$ moisture content, 2.76 MPa $CO_2$ gas injection pressure and 200 rpm screw speed. Under these conditions, puffed waxy rice pellets in microwave oven had low density and soft texture. Density and texture of puffed waxy rice pellet could be optimized by control of moisture content, $CO_2$ gas injection pressure and screw speed that affect significantly when puffing extruded waxy rice pellet.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.599-607
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• 2018

Objectives: Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) may be one of the biggest causes of climate change. The purposes of this study were to reduce greenhouse gases and to increase strawberry production by developing the supply devices in livestock facilities using the membrane technology Methods: Carbon dioxide was collected from beside to livestock facilities. The injection of $CO_2$ was stopped when it reached 1,000 ppm in the facility house. Case group with injection of $CO_2$ was compared to control group with normal environment. The experiments were conducted for 8 days from December 11, 2017. Results: Total strawberry production was found to be 1,317 kg in the case group and 1,176 kg in the control group. The correlation between $CO_2$ and crop yields has led to some statistical evidence that carbon dioxide helps to grow (${\beta}=0.832$, p<0.05). Conclusions: This study identified the potential for efforts to reduce the $CO_2$ in farming households. Increased concentrations of $CO_2$ have shown that strawberries have a better growth condition. In addition, it can be explained that the plants need wide leaves to quickly absorb much $CO_2$.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2013

Most gas hydrates (GH) occur in ocean sediments. Global GH reserves are estimated to be $10^{13}{\sim}20{\times}10^{15}m^3$, which is nearly 1,000 times the amount of current world energy consumption. Methane hydrate (MH) has the potential to be developed into future natural gas resources to replace traditional oil and gas resources, and thus MH production technologies such as depressurization, inhibitor injection, thermal stimulation, and $CO_2-CH_4$ substitution need to be further developed. MH production, which is expected to be in test production until 2014 in Korea, is focused on the development of GH production technologies for use in the commercial production of methane gas. This study compares MH production technology and its ability to meet the twin goals of being both effective and environmentally friendly while taking into consideration the complex phenomena of GH decomposition.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2024

This study investigates the performance of 2.0L hybrid vehicles equipped with Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) fuel engines, using energy flow analysis. By incorporating a direct LPG injection system (LPDi), the research aims to overcome the reduced maximum output commonly associated with LPG engines. Moreover, the integration of a hybrid system is explored as a means to enhance vehicle fuel economy while reducing CO₂ and emissions. The study employs data from FTP-75 and HWFET driving cycle to inform future research efforts focused on predicting CO₂ emissions and fuel economy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles utilizing LPG Direct Injection. The findings offer insights into optimizing fuel systems for better environmental and operational performance in hybrid vehicles.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2021

This study is to identify the mineralogical properties of caprock samples from drilling cores of the Pohang basin, which is the research area for the demonstration-scale CO2 storage project in Korea. The interaction of water-rock-gas that can occur due to CO2 injection was identified using geochemical modeling. Results of mineralogical studies, together with petrographic data of caprock and data on the physicochemical parameters of pore water were used for geochemical modeling. Modelling was carried out using the The Geochemist's Workbench 14.0.1 geochemical simulator. Two steps of modeling enabled prediction of immediate changes in the caprocks impacted by the first stage of CO2 injection and the assessment of long-term effects of sequestration. Results of minerlaogical analysis showed that the caprock samples are mainly composed of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase and a small amount of pyrite, calcite, kaolinite and montmollonite. After the injection of carbon dioxide, the porosity of the caprock increased due to the dissolution of calcite, and dawsonite and chalcedony were precipitated as a result of the dissolution of albite and k-feldspar. In the second step after the injection was completed, the precipitation of dawsonite and chalcedony occurred as a result of dissolution of calcite and albite, and the pH was increased due to this reaction. Results of these studies are expected to be used as data to quantitatively evaluate the efficiency of mineral trapping capture in long-term storage of carbon dioxide.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.66-76
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• 1987

The control technique for an electronic engine is studied. For this study an IBM-PC and a throttle body fuel injection system are selected. The computer controls fuel injection, spark timing, exhaust gas recirculation and idle speed. Fuel injection is adjusted either by a feed back signal of a zirconia $O_{2}$ sensor or programmed logic for starting, deceleration, warm ing up and idle modes. When a 3-way catalytic converter is used with the electronic engine control system, CO, THC, and NOx were reduced more than 90% simultaneously.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.173-178
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• 2007

Time-lapse electrical resistivity measurements have been made in a scale model experiment for geological $CO_2$ sequestration in aquifer. Three types of $CO_2$ injection are tested in a water tank filled with glass beads. These are $CO_2$ dissolved into filtered tap water, $CO_2$ gas, and mineral oil. The mineral oil is a substitute for liquid phase of supercritical $CO_2$. For reconstructing three-dimensional resistivity images, we measure potential differences at 32 potential dipoles on the top surface of the tank due to two current dipoles on the front and back sides. The resultant resistivity images clearly show the movement of injected $CO_2$ in aquifer.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2015

We proposed the improved Langmuir adsorption relations considering volume change effect of coal matrix during primary production of CBM and Enhanced-CBM with injection of carbon dioxide or CCS in coalseam but also volumetric strain. To verify this model, experimental data of pure gas adsorption such as $CO_2$, $CH_4$, and $N_2$ on coals were used to compare conventional Langmuir model with this model. From the results, we obtained that the larger adsorption capacity of coal and the higher adsorption affinity of gas, the larger error occur with Langmuir model. Using this model, however, we found not only substantially better fit in all condition but also reasonable volumetric strain of the coal matrix. We also applied this volume modified pure gas adsorption model to the IAS model to describe gas adsorption and volumetric strain for mixed gas. This modified-IAS model fitting experimental data by Hall et al(1994) improved accuracy of mixed gas adsorption calculation compared with conventional model.