• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2007

As the concerns regarding global worming were increased, the pressure of greenhouse gas(GHG) emission reduction on mobile source was also increased. Carbon dioxides contribute over 90% of total GHG emission and the mobile source occupies about 20% of this $CO_2$ emission. Therefore automotive exhaust is suspected to be one of the major reasons of the rapid increase in greenhouse effect gases in ambient air. In this study, in order to investigate $CO_2$ emission characteristics from gasoline passenger cars(PC), which is the most dominant vehicle type in Korea, 106 vehicles were tested on the chassis dynamometer. $CO_2$ emissions and fuel efficiency were measured. The emission characteristics by displacement, gross vehicle weight, vehicle speed and CVS-75/vehicle speed mode were discussed. Test modes were vehicle speed modes and CVS-75 mode that have been used to develop emission factors and to regulate for light-duty vehicle in Korea. It was found that $CO_2$ emissions showed higher large displacement, heavy gross vehicle weight, low vehicle speed and CVS-75 mode than small displacement, light gross vehicle weight, high vehicle speed and vehicle speed mode, respectively. From these results, correlation between $CO_2$ emission and fuel efficiency was also determined. The results of this study will contribute to domestic greenhouse gas emissions calculation and making the national policy for climate change.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.517-523
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• 2016

'15년 12월 유엔기후변화협약 당사국총회(COP21)의 "파리 협정"을 통해 신기후체제가 출범되었다. 본 협정의 핵심은 지구 평균기온 상승을 산업화 이전 대비 $2^{\circ}C$ 목표를 넘어, $1.5^{\circ}C$로 제한하기 위한 노력에 합의 되었다는 데 있으며 이에 따라 우리나라에서도 온실가스 감출을 위한 대책 마련이 시급한 상황이다. IEA 에너지기술전망에 따르면 '12년 기준 전세계 $CO_2$ 배출량의 2/3가 에너지 분야에서 발생하여 청정에너지기술 개발이 핵심이며, 단기적으로 에너지원 대체, 에너지효율개선 기술 도입이 최선, 장기적으로는 CCS(Carbon Capture & Storage) 등의 기술도입이 필수적인 상황이다. 이와 함께 최근에는 온실가스 저감을 위한 방안으로 $CO_2$ 활용(CCU, Carbon Capture & Utilization) 기술개발도 부각 되고 있다. CCU 기술은 우리나라와 같이 포집된 $CO_2$의 저장을 위한 EOR 사업이나 대규모 저장소 확보에 어려움이 있는 상황에서 종래 CCS의 기술적 대안이 될 수 있다. 뿐만 아니라 CCU 기술은 $CO_2$ 전환 물질의 산업적 활용을 통해 종래 제기된 고비용의 $CO_2$ 저감 비용을 줄일 수 있다. 이에 국제적으로 다수의 $CO_2$ 활용기술이 상업생산을 위한 실증단계에 진입하고 있으며, 국내에서도 $CO_2$ 자원화/광물화를 포함한 다양한 $CO_2$ 활용기술의 개발 및 사업화 노력이 필요하다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.570-582
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• 2017

In recent years, national and local government's air quality management and climate change adaptation policy has been significantly strengthened. The measures in the two policies may be in a relationship of trade-off or synergy to each other. Greenhouse gases and air pollutants are mostly emitted from the same sources of using considerable amounts of fossil fuels. Co-benefits, in which either measure has a positive effect on the other, may be maximized by reducing the social costs and by consolidating the objectives of the various policies. In this study, the co-benefits were examined by empirically analyzing the effects of air pollutants and greenhouse gas emission reduction, social cost, and cost effectiveness between the two policies. Of the total 80 projects, the next 12 projects generated co-benefits. They are 1) extend restriction area of solid fuel use, 2) expand subsidy of low-$NO_x$ burner, 3) supply hybrid-vehicles, 4) supply electric-vehicles, 5) supply hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, 6) engine retrofit, 7) scrappage of old car, 8) low emission zone, 9) transportation demand management, 10) supply land-based electric of ship, 11) switching anthracite to clean fuel in private sector, 12) expand regional combined-energy supply. The benefits of air pollutants and greenhouse gas-related measures were an annual average of KRW 2,705.4 billion. The social benefits of the transportation demand management were the highest at an annual average of KRW 890.7 billion, and followed by scrappage of old cars and expand regional combined-energy supply. When the social benefits and the annual investment budgets are compared, the cost effectiveness ratio is estimated to be about 3.8. Overall, the reduction of air pollutants caused by the air quality management policy of Gyeonggi-do resulted in an annual average of KRW 4,790.2 billion. In the point sources management sector, the added value of $CO_2$ reduction increased by 4.8% to KRW 1,062.8 billion, while the mobile sources management sector increased by 3.6% to KRW 3,414.1 billion. If social benefits from $CO_2$ reduction are added, the annual average will increase by 7.2% to KRW 5,135.4 billion. The urban and energy management sectors have shown that social benefits increase more than twice as much as the benefits of $CO_2$ reduction. This result implies that more intensive promotion of these measures are needed. This study has significance in that it presents the results of the empirical analysis of the co-benefits generated between the similar policies in the air quality management and the climate change policy which are currently being promoted in Gyeonggi-do. This study suggested that the method of analyzing the policy effect among the main policies in the climate atmospheric policy is established and the effectiveness and priority of the major policies can be evaluated through the policy correlation analysis based on the co-benefits. It is expected that it could be a basis for evaluation the efficiency of the climate change adaptation and air quality management policies implemented by the national and local governments in the future.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2012

지구온난화와 같은 환경문제에 대한 인식의 확산과 함께 대한민국 정부는 탄소배출량을 2020년까지 BAU 대비 30% 감축하는 것을 목표로 다양한 정책 및 제도를 마련하고 있다. 이에 따라, 건설산업 분야에서는 건축물로부터 배출되는 이산화탄소를 적절하게 관리하고 감축하기 위한 방법에 대한 연구가 활발하게 진행되어 왔다. 건축물에 대한 정확한 이산화탄소 배출량 평가를 위해서는 건축자재에 대한 상세한 수준의 이산화탄소 배출량 데이터가 필요하지만, 현재까지는 대표적인 자재의 데이터만 제시되어 왔다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 건축물의 시공에 필수적으로 사용되는 구조용 강재인 철근과 H형강의 이산화탄소 배출량 데이터를 강도 및 규격에 따라 상세한 수준으로 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 산업연관표를 바탕으로 하는 산업연관분석법을 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 강도 및 규격에 따른 구조용 강재의 이산화탄소 배출량 데이터를 활용하면, 다양한 구조설계안에 대하여 보다 정확한 이산화탄소 배출량 평가가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2020

Copper has been proved to be the best catalyst for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction, however, for optimal efficiency and selectivity, its performance requires improvements. Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (RR) using CuO nanowire electrode was performed with different concentrations of KHCO3 electrolyte (0.1 M, 0.5 M, and 1 M). Cu(OH)2 was formed on Cu foil, followed by thermal-treatment at 200℃ under the air atmosphere for 2 hrs to transform it to the crystalline phase of CuO. We evaluated the effects of different KHCO3 electrolyte concentrations on electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (RR) using the CuO nanowire electrode. At a constant current (5mA), low concentrated bicarbonate exhibited a more negative potential -0.77 V vs. Reversible Hydrogen Electrode (RHE) (briefly abbreviated as VRHE), while the negative potential reduced to -0.33 VRHE in the high concentration of bicarbonate solution. Production of H2 and CH4 increased with an increased concentration of electrolyte (KHCO3). CH4 production efficiency was high at low negative potential whereas HCOOH was not influenced by bicarbonate concentration. Our study provides insights into efficient, economically viable, and sustainable methods of mitigating the harmful environmental effects of CO2 emission.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2012

This article is about using the fuel mixed with 10% and 20% bio-ethanol to gasoline for the engine as a way to reduce carbon emission before commercializing future automobiles like fuel cell cars. The fuel mixed with 10% and 20% bio-ethanol showed output equivalent to that of the previous gasoline fuel. CO and $CO_2$ emission was somewhat reduced, but the difference was not significant. And the consumption of the fuel increased slightly. However, bio-ethanol is produced from bio mass growing with the absorption of carbon dioxide, so the total amount of carbon dioxide did not increase according to the result. In NOx, as the use of ethanol increases, the effect of reduction gets greater, and the emission of oxygen showed almost no change compared with gasoline.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제89권5호
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• pp.453-466
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• 2024

In this study, the optimization of the composite floor system with cellular beams is investigated. The objective function is the minimization of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and the optimal solution is defined by 19 design variables for the beam's topology, beams fabricated process, steel deck characteristics, columns. The requirements of the ultimate and serviceability state limits are considered for the composite floor system design. The program is developed within the MATLAB platform. A number of the benchmark test problems of composite floor systems with full web beams are optimized with cellular beams to verify the reduction of total CO₂ emission. The optimum results are obtained by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Bonobo Algorithm (BO). A comparison of the performance of these algorithms shows that the BO algorithm has a higher search capability and results in better solutions than PSO and GA algorithms in the optimization of the composite floor system with the cellular beams and the use of cellular beams can reduce the total CO₂ emissions of the floor above 20%.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.591-596
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• 1995

In order to investigate the reduction of NO emissions, natural gas was fueled for two-stage combustion apparatus. NO and CO emissions were described by five variables: total air ratio, primary air ratio, secondary air injection position, secondary air injection velocity, and swirl ratio. It was mainly observed that, as the primary air ratios of 0 and 0.4 NO emission decreased with increasing the secondary air injection position and secondary air injection velocity. The effect of weak swirl on NO emission was found to be insignificant.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2017

Recently, the public opinion is growing that the main cause of greenhouse gas, fine dust and nitrogen oxide, sulfuric acid emission is coal-fired power plant, and now the decommission or conversion to other clean fuel is being demanded. However, it is a huge national loss to decommission coal-fired power plant with remaining life, and also simple fuel converting to natural gas will lead to drastic rise on power generating cost. Therefore, this study aims to provide the analysis result about the reduction effect of $CO_2$, environment emission, and to influence to power plant performance and facilities when repowering with adding gas turbine is applied to domestic aged coal-fired power plant.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.728-734
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• 1996

To obtain the relation in the electrochemical reduction of $CO_2$ in aqueous $KHCO_3$ colution between an activity for the product and the nature of Cu electrode, the electrode surface was characterized by using two methods: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoelectron emission (PE) measurement. Electrolyses were performed with Cu electrodes pretreated in several ways. The distribution of the products changed drastically with electrolysis time and the pretreatment method. The features in XPS spectra were closely connected with the product distribution. The oxide film at the electrode surface was gradually reduced to bare Cu metal with electrolysis time, resulting in a variation of the product distribution. PE was measured by verying the wavelength of incident light at several temperatures. The dependence of PE on the measurement temperature changed greatly before and after electrolysis.