• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.96-105
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• 2017

Global warming, mainly caused by CO2, is one of the on­going cataclysms of the human race. The nation­wide policy to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) has been enforced, for which it is crucial to estimate reliable GHG emissions. The unit load of road­section CO2 emission (URSCE) is a prerequisite for the evaluation of GHG emissions from road mobile source, and it is mainly computed using vehicular velocity source. Unfortunately, there is real­world limitations to collect and analyse representative speed data for nation­wide road network. To tackle this problem, a method for the evaluation of URSCE, proposed in this study, is based on a disaggregated way using big GPS vehicle data. The method yields more accurate URSCE than an current aggregated data based approach and can be directly employed for nation­wide road systems.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.230-238
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• 2009

We study about small gas engine and fuel cell CHP (Combined Heat and Power) as the technologies for energy conservation and $CO_2$ emissions reduction. Korea government plans to use them in near future. This study quantitatively analyzed energy consumption and $CO_2$ emissions reduction potential of small CHP instead of existing electric power plant (coal steam, combined cycle and oil steam) using LEAP (Long-range Energy Alternative Planning system) as energy-economic model. Three future scenarios are discussed. In every scenario similar condition for each CHP is used. Alternative scenario I: about 6.34% reduction in $CO_2$ emissions is observed in 2019 due to increase in amount of gas engine CHP and fuel cell CHP while coal use in thermoelectric power plant is almost stagnant. In alternative scenario II: a small 0.8% increase in $CO_2$ emission is observed in 2019 keeping conditions similar to alternative scenario I but using natural gas in combined cycle power plant instead of coal. During alternative scenario II overall $CO_2$ emission reduction is observed in 2019 due to added heat production from CHP. Alternative scenario III: about 0.8% reduction in $CO_2$ emissions is observed in 2019 using similar CHP as AS I and AS II. Here coal and oil are used in thermoelectric power plant but the quantity of oil and coal is almost constant for next decade.

• Clean Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.182-190
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• 2010

The feasibility of clean technology to minimize the $CO_2$ emission by recycling and reuse the waste materials and energy have been studied for the cement industry. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed for an alternative raw material-supply method to use the molted slag as the major raw material in the cement clinker manufacturing. Using this new method, a 60% of $CO_2$ could be reduced that comes out during the decarboxylation from the cement rotary kiln. The energy-efficiency improvement and the alternative energy methods that had been determined in our previous study through the environmental assessment of cement industry were applied to the study for the reduction of $CO_2$ emission. The natural gas, one of the fossil fuels, was also used as the first choice to get the result at the earliest time by the most economic and the most efficient green technology and to switch into the carbon neutral energy consumption pattern.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.427-434
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to establish an rational mixture-proportioning procedure for low-$CO_2$ concrete using supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) achieving the targeted $CO_2$ reduction ratio as well as the conventional requirements such as initial slump, air content, and 28-day compressive strength of concrete. To evaluate the effect of SCM level on the $CO_2$ emission and compressive strength of concrete, a total of 12537 data sets were compiled from the available literature and ready-mixed concrete plants. The amount of $CO_2$ emission of concrete was assessed under the system boundary from cradle to concrete production stage at a ready-mixed concrete plant. Based on regression analysis using the established database, simple equations were proposed to determine the mixture proportions of concrete such as the type and level of SCMs, water-to-binder ratio, and fine aggregate-to-total aggregate ratio. Furthermore, the $CO_2$ emissions for a given concrete mixture can be straightforwardly calculated using the proposed equations. Overall, the developed mixture-proportioning procedure is practically useful for determining the initial mixture proportions of low-$CO_2$ concrete in the ready-mixed concrete field.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.32-37
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• 2016

이 글에서는 화석연료 사용으로 배출되는 $CO_2$를 대량으로 저감하는 가장 적극적이고 현실적인 방법으로 일컫는 CCS 중 포집 및 재이용 기술개발과 정책방향에 대해 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.4
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• pp.597-602
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• 2010

The most basic matter to establish forest carbon circulation village is statistic on greenhouse gas emissions. But currently, although there is statistic on greenhouse gas emissions in the level of city or province, there is not statistic on greenhouse gas emission in village unit. According to the results, The model area is located in Seobyeok-ri, Chunyang-myeon, Bonghwa-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, the total $CO_2$emissions caused by energy used in the model area was $1,755tCO_2$. Heating accounts for 55% of total emissions followed by 23% for power and 22% for vehicles. The model area emitted $572tCO_2$ due to rice growing and livestock raising, accounting for approximately 24.5% of total $CO_2$ emissions. It is expected that a reduction of as much as $884tCO_2$ emissions will be made from the current $964tCO_2$ to a level of 1/12th that amount, or $80tCO_2$ by replacing heating energy currently used in the model area with wood bioenergy such as wood chips or pellets. In addition, carbon emission reduction is expected for both heating and power by replacing the power consumption in houses, buildings, and street lights with solar power.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.264-274
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• 2014

The main purpose of the current research is to analyze DPR Korean carbon emissions due to forest loss and to identify potential project sites for REDD implementation. REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation) is a global environmental policy that is geared towards lowering carbon emissions in developing and least developed countries through saving forests that are vulnerable to future deforestation. DPR Korea is known for its underdevelopment as well as its serious environmental degradation, but limited research exists regarding these issues. The research employs remotely sensed global data and forest carbon stock information from the existing literature to quantify carbon emissions in DPR Korea. It turns out that the country may have had emitted about 82.6 to 149.3 $MtCO_2e$ due to forest loss between 2005 and 2009. A few administrative districts are delineated as prospective REDD sites, of which the outcomes of Local Moran's I represent high rates of deforestation. In brief, it appears there is a great possibility to lower carbon emissions in DPR Korea via REDD implementation.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.418-424
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• 2015

Marine Environment Protection Committee of the International Maritime Organization has decided to reinforce the NOx emission standards for ships passing an ECA(Emission Control Area) with Tier III standards from January 1, 2016. In this study, real-time measurements of the exhaust gas, cylinder pressure and fuel consumption were conducted at each load of a T/S Hanbada main engine of Korea Maritime and Ocean University, which is controlled by single injection and double post injection for reducing NOx emissions. The results showed that the quantity of CO2 and NOx increased in proportion to the engine load, whereas the CO concentration was inversely proportional to the engine load. In addition, double post injection decreased 10 % of P-max and reduced 25~30 % of the NOx emissions compared to single injection, whereas there was a trade-off relation, such as increase 3~5 % of SFOC (Specific Fuel Oil Consumption).

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.100-106
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• 2011

This study proposes a $CO_2$ emission reduction method through correlation analysis of a sample building. First, energy saving factors of heating, cooling, lighting were determined for the correlation analysis and $CO_2$ emission contribution rate of the design parameters have been analyzed. Then optimal combination of each design parameter has been drawn. Heat transfer coefficient of walls and windows, air permeability, windows area ratio, and shading devices were selected as applicable energy saving factors of the sample building. Also computer simulation was conducted using experimental design by Orthogonal Arrays of the statistical method. And the contribution rate was estimated by Analysis of Variance-ANOVA. As a result, the $CO_2$ emission in heating was reduced to 51.9%; in cooling to 16.8%; and in lighting to 2% compared to the existing building. The majority of the reduction was presented by heating energy.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

In view of energy supply, biogas can be seen as alternative fuel by substituting considerable amount of fossil fuel and may be utilized for heat and power production or for transport fuel production ($CH_4-enriched$ biogas). The aim of this research is to analyse the emission of $NO_x$ and CO from biogas fired combustion engine for electric power production. The result indicate a significant effect of biogas composition ($CH_4-CO_2$ ratio) and biogas flow rate on the air pollutants emission. The emission factors from this study were compared with those of U.S. EPA. Low $CH_4-CO_2$ ratio condition typically shows the lower $NO_x$ and CO emission than higher $CH_4-CO_2$ ratio condition. At normal $CH_4-CO_2$ ratio (7:3) emission factors of $NO_x$ and CO were 1.29 and 30.43 g/MMBtu, respectively. At low $CH_4-CO_2$, ratio (6:4) emission factors of $NO_x$ and CO were 0.646 and 60.86 g/MMBtu, respectively, It should be emphasized that the actual emission may vary considerably from these results due to operating conditions including torque load and engine speed.