• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.169-181
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• 2023

Recently, in order to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, which is the main cause of global warming, Korea has declared carbon emission reduction targets and carbon neutral. Accurate assessment of regional emissions and atmospheric CO₂ concentrations is becoming important as a result. In this study, we identified the spatiotemporal differences between satellite-based atmospheric CO₂ concentration and CO₂ emissions for the Korean Peninsula region using column-averaged CO₂ dry-air mole fraction from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 and emission inventory. And we explained these differences using solar-induced fluorescence (SIF), a photosynthetic reaction index according to vegetation growth. The Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center (GIR) and Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) emissions continued to increase in Korea from 2014 to 2018, but the satellite-based atmospheric CO₂ concentration decreased in 2018, respectively. Regionally, GIR and EDGAR emissions increased in 2018 in Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheongbuk-do, but satellite-based CO₂ concentrations decreased for the corresponding years. In addition, the correlation analysis between emissions and satellite-based CO₂ concentration showed a low correlation of 0.22 (GIR) and 0.16 (EDGAR) in Seoul and Gangwon-do. Atmospheric CO₂ concentrations showed a different correlation with SIF by region. In the CO₂-SIF correlation analysis for the growing season (May to September), Seoul and Gyeonggi-do showed a negative correlation coefficient of -0.26, Chungcheongbuk-do and Gangwon-do showed a positive correlation coefficient of 0.46. Therefore, it can be suggested that consideration of the CO₂ absorption process is necessary for analyzing the relationship between the atmospheric CO₂ concentration and emission inventory.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.497-526
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• 2019

The importance of "decoupling" to maintain economic growth and reduce greenhouse gases is emerging as the world has been mandated to reduce greenhouse gases since the 2015 Paris Agreement. This study covered 63 countries from 1980 to 2014 and analyzed the main characteristics and causes of decoupling phenomenon between economic growth and carbon emissions. In this study, the degree of decoupling was measured every five years. The analysis found that the decoupling rate of OECD countries and countries with large incomes was high, and that the decoupling phenomenon has accelerated worldwide since the 2000s. However, the degree of decoupling was different depending on the national characteristics. According to the results of dynamic panel model, the growth rate of manufacturing and the proportion of exports hampered decoupling, while the proportion of human capital and renewable energy had a positive effect on decoupling. Also income had a inverse U-shape non-linear effect on decoupling.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.363-369
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• 2018

One of the recent environmental problems is climate change due to the increase of atmospheric $CO_2$, which causes ecological changes and various environmental problems. Therefore, various studies are being carried out to reduce $CO_2$ in the world in order to solve various environmental problems caused by increase of $CO_2$. The $CO_2$ reduction using microalgae is an environmentally friendly method by using photosynthesis reaction of microalgae. However, most studies using single species. There is no study on the $CO_2$ fixing efficiency of microalgae in natural rivers. Therefore, this study was to identify the microalgae in the Sum river and to analyze the growth characteristics of microalgae in the river to obtain optimal culture conditions. And the changes of biomass and chlorophyll-a of microalgae were analyzed according to $CO_2$ concentration and injection rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fixing efficiency of carbon dioxide in microalgae in natural rivers. Six kinds of dominant species were observed as a result of the identification of microalgae in Sum river(Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Scenedesmus intermedius, Selenodictyum sp., Xanthidium apiculatum var. laeve, Cosmarium pseudoquinarium, Dictyosphaerium pulchellum). All of these species were green algae. Biomass and chlorophyll-a increased with the increase of $CO_2$ concentration and biomass and chlorophyll-a increased faster flow rate at the same $CO_2$ concentration. Also, the quantity of $CO_2$ fixation on the microalgae tended to be higher when the flow rate of injected gas was faster. This study can be referred as being significant in the micro-algae in river. In addition, the optimal conditions for $CO_2$ fixation of microalgae in rivers and the quantification of the quantity of $CO_2$ fixation from microalgae in rivers can be used as basic data for future policy of $CO_2$ reduction.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.279-309
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• 2009

Greenhouse gas emissions should be precisely forecast to reduce the emissions from industrial production processes. This study calculated the direct and indirect $CO_2$ emission intensities of 401 industries using the Input-Output tables 2003 and statistical data on the amount of energy use. This study had some limitations in drawing study findings because overseas data were used given the lack of domestic data. Other limiting factors included the oil distribution problems in the oil refinery sector, re-review of carbon neutral, and insufficient consideration of waste treatment. Nonetheless, this study is very meaningful since the direct and indirect $CO_2$ emission intensities of 401 industries were calculated. Specifically, this study considered from the zero-waste perspective the effects of waste, which attract interest worldwide since coke gas and gas from the steel industry are obtained as byproducts for the first time in Korea. According to the results of the analysis of $CO_2$ emission intensity per industry, typical industries whose indirect $CO_2$ emission intensity is high include crude steel making, Remicon, steel wire rods & track rail, cast iron, and iron reinforcing rods & bar steel. These industries produce products using the raw materials produced in the industrial sector whose $CO_2$ emission intensity is high. The representative industries whose direct $CO_2$ emission intensity is high include cement, pig iron, lime & plaster products, andcoal-based compounds. These industries extract raw ore from nature and refine them into raw materials that are useful in other industries. The findings in this study can be effectively used for the following case: estimation of target $CO_2$ emission reduction level reflecting each industrial sector's characteristics, calculation of potential emission reduction of each policy to reduce $CO_2$ emissions, identification of a firm's $CO_2$ emission level, and setting of the target level of emission reduction. Moreover, the findings in this study can be utilized widely in fields such as System of integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting(SEEA) and Material Flow Analysis(MFA) as the current topic of research in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.156-162
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• 2017

Recently, researches on High-Volume Fly ash Cement(HVFC), which is replacing high portion of cement to fly ash, have been actively conducted to reduce $CO_2$ formation. Though HVFC has various advantages, low strength development in early ages is pointed out as the biggest problem in the application of fly ash. In order to overcome such limitations, this study investigated the hydration and compressive strength characteristics of HVFC paste depending on the fly ash content with the mixing ratio varying from 0 to 80 %. Experimental results show that the HVFC paste with low water-binder ratio can overcome the limitation of low compressive strength at early ages. Also, from the result of heat flow delay, 50 % of fly ash weight ratio was the critical point of the filler effect.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2015

Carbon emissions in construction stage is very high because lots of construction machines and materials are required to be used at a road construction stage. Many researcher carried out application of carbon emissions estimation methodology during the life cycle of road infrastructure in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the road sector. But the calculation of carbon emissions is difficult because data collection is difficult and calculation procedure is complex. In this study, a basic unit of carbon emissions in construction stage of the road infrastructure was developed in order to get the quantitative determination of carbon that occurs. Carbon emissions of the expressway and common state road was calculated by using the basic unit of carbon emissions and application plan of basic unit of carbon emissions are presented.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2017

There are two main policies to meet the national goal of reducing Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emissions in Korea towards Paris Agreement. From 2012 to 2014, Target Management System (TMS) was operated and the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) has been established since 2015. To compare the impact of TMS and ETS on reducing GHGs, we collected annual GHGs emission reports submitted by individual business entities, and normalized them using a z-variant normalized function. In order to evaluate the impact of those policies, we calculated the amount of GHGs emissions of 73 business entities from 15 business sectors. Those entities emitted $508million\;CO_2eq$, which is 74% of total national GHGs emissions in 2014. The main results of analysis indicate that accumulated GHGs emissions during the period 2012 to 2014 affected by TMS was higher than the national goal of GHGs emission reduction, and only the GHGs emissions in 2014 were in the range of allowed GHGs emissions, set by the Government. In 2015, when ETS initiated, total GHGs emission trading was $4.84million\;tCO_2eq$, which is only 0.9% of total allowance in 2015. However, more than 50% of business entities, who got the allowance of GHGs emission given by the Government, met the goal of GHGs emissions. Particularly, 27 of 73 business entities reduced GHGs more under the ETS rather than the TMS. Even though we analyzed only 4 years' data to demonstrate the impact of TMS and ETS, it is expected to commit the national goal of GHGs reduction target by TMS and ETS.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.378-384
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• 2019

In the food wastewater treatment facilities, the water quality improvement effect and the greenhouse gas emission amount followed by the change in electricity usage through a change of the aeration tank ventilation system were evaluated. also, the amount of greenhouse gas emission followed by the change in electricity usage through the change of the sludge dewatering, storage, transporting method was also evaluated. The total GHG emission from food wastewater treatment facility improvement were divided into direct emissions from the treatment processes and indirect ones from electricity usage. The water quality improvement effect of wastewater treatment plant was found to be 63.3% for BOD removal rate, 42.0% for COD removal rate, 71.0% for SS removal rate and 39.6% for T-N removal rate. and according to the results of calculating output by applying both direct emissions of greenhouse gas (Scope 1) and the indirect emission (Scope 2) of greenhouse gas followed by changes in power consumption. It was estimated that there was a total of 276.0tCO2eq./yr(7.5%) greenhouse gas reduction effect from 3,668.8tCO2eq./yr before improvement to 3,392.8tCO2eq./yr after improvement. In this result is not due to the effects of water quality improvement of emission source, but because the reduction in electricity use has reduced the amount of greenhouse gas emissions.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.675-676
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• 2011

최근, 전 세계적으로 온실가스 감축과 녹색기술 개발은 매우 중요한 이슈로 부각되고 있다. 우리나라도 전체 $CO_2$ 배출원의 약 20%이상이 수송분야이며 이중 내연자동차가 큰 비중을 점유하고 있다. 따라서 선진국에서는 전기자동차의 보급을 촉진하고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 대량의 전기자동차가 보급되었을 때를 대비하여 전력망 사업자와 전기자동차 소유자들에게 동시에 이익이 될 수 있는 전기차 역송전(V2G)에 대하여 기술개발 및 실증실험에 박차를 가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 세계적으로 진행되고 있는 V2G 프로젝트와 글로벌 시장전망을 조사하여 소개함으로써, V2G 기술의 중요성을 알리고자 한다.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.909-930
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• 2022

Although the electricity tariff for each customer class in Korea has an institutional basis which can be linked to cost fluctuations caused by the increase in fuel cost, there is a situation in which it cannot be raised in a timely manner, considering the national economic burden such as inflation. There can be some disagreements about unconditionally raising electricity rates when cost increases occur. It is, however, well known that Korean domestic electricity rates are very low around the world and are in an environment in which rates are not easily adjusted. Moreover, as Korean electricity rates cannot be easily raised due to various factors, domestic electricity rates for each customer class itself have not delivered a desirable price signal for power consumption. Based on historical data such as fuel costs and power production by power source from 2017 to 2020, this study estimated how much power consumption would change if electricity rates were adjusted in 2030 and price signal distortion was resolved. As a result of the estimation, power consumption will be reduced by 9,000 GWh if the current electricity bill is adjusted to a level which can be 100% recovered even with the supply cost alone. This led to a reduction of about 3.82 million CO₂tons of greenhouse gas emissions in the Korean power sector.