• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.60-66
• /
• 2011

Foot posture is important in the development of the musculoskeletal structure in the lower limbs because it can change the mechanical alignment. Although foot orthotics are widely used for the correction of malalignments in the lower extremities, the biomechanical effects of wedges have not yet been cleared. The aim of this study was to investigate whether medial wedges affect the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the knee and hip joints in healthy adults that are performing one leg standing. Seventeen healthy volunteers performed the one leg standing under two foot conditions: A level surface, and a $15^{\circ}$ medial wedge. The subjects' EMG data for the gluteus maximus (Gmax), gluteus medius (Gmed), tensor fasciae latae (TFL), biceps femoris (BF), vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus medialis oblique (VMO) were recorded, along with the surface EMG, and all were analyzed. The EMG activity of the Gmed and TFL had significantly decreased under the medial wedge condition during one leg standing. Further study is needed in order to investigate whether medial wedges influence the EMG activity and kinematic data of the knee and hip joints as well as the ankle joints in adults with flexible flatfoot, while they are performing one leg standing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this paper it to investigate the differences in prevalence of obesity and body fat distribution on the variances of age. Height, weight, skinfold thickness and girth circumference on about 422 women residing in Cheju, Korea were surveyed. The results of analysis of the survey are as follows : 1) All the antropometric measurements except height were shown to increase with age. Weight is at its highest level between the age of 50-59. The measurement of skinfold thickness and girth circumference between the ages of 20-39 of the female subjects are significantly higher than the above 40's. However, there is no significant difference among the middle aged women. 2) Physical indices tend to increase according to age. Both BMI and RBW of women in their 50's are at their highest values, however, the index values of the women in their 60's decreased slightly (p<0.05). On the contrary, there is no significant difference in the percentage of body fat and total body fat content among the middle aged women surveyed. 3) According to this survey, 15.6% of the 422 subjects are assessed as being obese ; more specifically 4.4% of women in their 20's, 12.6% in 30's, 25.6% in 40's, 22.5% in 50's and 17.3% in 60's. 4) 39.4% among obese women proved to be upper body type women. Because the frequency of upper body type women became higher as the obese women aged, there is possibility that the pattern of fat distribution can change. 5) Weight is the most highly correlated with BMI(r=0.91), whereas weight as correlated with RBW, percentage of BF and WHR are 0.8, 0.66 and 0.44 respectfully. The conclusion of this survey is that it is better to estimate the value of total body fat and percentage of body fat than the value of BMI in the analysis of prevalence of obesity and its related factors of middle aged women.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2013

Background: This study tried to identify the bridge exercise posture for efficient exercise application by comparing muscle activity of buttocks and thighs according to internal-external rotation and pronation & supination in bridge exercise. Method: Nine males in their 20s living in D city were randomly selected as subjects. Muscles such as vastus medialis oblique (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL), semitendinosus (ST), biceps femoris (BF), gluteus maximus (GMAX), gluteus medius (GMED), tensor fasciae latae(TFL), and adductor longus (ADL) were measured using eight channel surface electromyogram (MyoSystem 1400A, Noraxon, USA) to measure muscle activity. Statistics process was performed through paired t test. Results: In the changes in electromyogram signals according to internal-external rotations according to internal-external rotation of shinbones, in most cases muscle activity was higher in external rotation than in internal rotation, but there was no statistical significance (p>.05). In particular, it was lower in TFL and ADL. There was no statistical significance in the comparison between two groups (p>.05). In the changes in electromyogram signals according to internal-external rotations according to pronation & supination of thighs, GMED showed significantly higher value in supination than in pronation (p>.05), and in ADL pronation is significantly higher than supination (p<.05). Conclusion: In internal-external rotation of shinbone and pronation & supination of thighs in bridge exercise, changes in muscle length can make effects on muscle activity of buttocks and thighs. Therefore, muscle strength enforcement program on buttocks and thighs through bridge exercise can make effects on patients with lower limb functional damages in clinical situations.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.12C
• /
• pp.1164-1174
• /
• 2007

Antenna selection based MIMO schedulers are proposed to achieve the optimal performance with low complexity in uplink multiuser MIMO/FDD system. In this paper, three heuristic schedulers are proposed to approach the optimal performance which is achieved by the optimal Brute-Force Scheduler. Two search methods called sub-set and full-set way are also discussed to set up the antenna channels to be the candidates of the scheduler. Simulation results show that the sum rate and BER performance of the proposed CSS and SOAS schemes are about the same to that of the brute-force scheduler with affordable complexity, while RC-SOAS with further reduced complexity achieves almost the optimal performance in the case of small number of antennas. Moreover, the complexity can be additionally reduced by the sub-set search method when the number of transmit and receive antennas are 2 respectively, which is applicable in the realistic systems.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.53 no.6
• /
• pp.511-516
• /
• 2011

Fas gene known to associate with intramuscular fat content in Korean cattle was selected for DNA marker development. Fas (APO-1, CD95), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, is a cell membrane protein that mediates apoptosis (programmed cell death). We discovered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within Fas gene in order to develop novel DNA markers at genomic level. Of this gene to search for SNP, sequences of whole exon and 1kb range of both front and back of the gene using 24 cattle were determined by direct-sequencing methods. As a result, 16 SNPs in exon, 37 SNPs in intron and 2 SNPs in promoter region, a total of 55 SNPs were discovered. In these SNPs, thirty-one common polymorphic sites were selected considering their allele frequencies, haplotype-tagging status and Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) for genotyping in larger-scale subjects. Selected SNPs were confirmed genotype through SNaPshot method (n=274) and were examined for possible genetic association of Fas polymorphisms with carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), and backfat thickness (BF). So, the SNP have been identified significant g.-12T>G, g.1112T>G and g.32548T>C. These results suggest that polymorphism of Fas gene was associated with meat quality traits in Hanwoo.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.287-293
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Hoehn-Yahr scale on the activation of lower-extremity muscles during walking. Electromyography (EMG) analysis was carried out on 36 patients with Parkinson's disease in the off phase of the medication cycle. We recorded EMG signals of the tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), soleus (SOL), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), semitendinosus (ST) and biceps femoris (BF) using Noraxon 16 channels EMG system during walking at preferred speed. Rectified EMG signals were normalized to reference voluntary contractions (RVC) over a gait cycle at the preferred speed, allowing for an assessment of how the activity was distributed over the gait cycle. Compared to the H & Y Scale 1, H & Y Scale 3 exhibited greater activation of the vastus lateralis during mid-stance and greater activation of the medial gastrocnemius during terminal swing. Compared to the H & Y Scale 1, H & Y Scale 2 and 3 exhibited less activation of the tibialis anterior during initial swing. We conclude that the more Hoen & Yahr Scale increase, the more abnormal lower-extremity muscles activation.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.448-454
• /
• 2003

We studied on the removal of toluene vapors in a lab-scale biofilter. There are three biofilters packed with reticulated polyurethane foams of different porosities of 15, 25, 45 PPI (Pore Per Inch) as media. A toluene-degrading strain (Pseudomonas Putida KCCM 11348, ATCC 12633) was naturally immobilized on the filter media by circulating the culture media. Three biofilters were operated under different sets of continuous experiments, varying both the design and operation parameters such as the inlet toluene concentration and the flow rate. Maximum elimination capacity of 115.5g/㎥hr of biofilter packed with foams of 25 PPI was obtained for toluene degradation. The effect of operating conditions such as flow rate, inlet toluene concentration and porosity on the performance of the biofilter was investigated.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.12
• /
• pp.607-614
• /
• 2016

This study investigated the effect of fitness management class on body composition, blood pressure and health-related fitness in college women. The subjects were to target college women of the 317 people to take nine semesters 2012-2016 school fitness management class, group division were divided underweight, thin-obesity, normal, normal-obesity and obesity by body mass index(BMI) and body fat(%). Fitness management classes consist of combined exercise(resistance and aerobic exercise) was conducted to exercise twice a week 75 minutes a day. Four groups except for the obese group, Fitness management class have a positive improvement effect on body weight, BMI, BF(%), muscle mass and waist circumference. In addition, five groups were positive improvement on blood pressure and health-related fitness variables. In conclusions, except for improving body composition in obese college women, fitness management classes had a positive improvement effect on body composition, blood pressure and health-related fitness in college women.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2010.02a
• /
• pp.245-245
• /
• 2010

최근에 반도체 소자 및 마이크로머신, 바이오센서 등에 사용되는 미세 부품에 대한 연구 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 미세 부품을 제작하기 위한 MEMS 공정은 대표적으로 화학용액을 이용한 습식식각, 플라즈마를 이용한 건식식각 등이 주를 이룬다. Micro blaster는 경도가 강하고 화학적 내성을 가지며 용융점이 높아 반도체 MEMS 공정에 어려움이 있는 기판을 다양한 형태로 식각 할 수 있는 기계적인 식각 공정 기술이라 할 수 있다. Micro blaster의 식각 공정은 고속의 날카로운 입자가 공작물을 타격할 때 입자의 아래에는 고압축응력이 발생하게 되고, 이 고압축 응력에 의하여 소성변형과 탄성변형이 발생된다. 이러한 변형이 발전되어 재료의 파괴 초기값보다 크게 되면 크랙이 발생되고, 점점 더 발전하게 되면 재료의 제거가 일어나는 단계로 이루어진다. 본 연구에서는 micro blaster 장비를 반도체 MEMS 공정에 적용하기 위한 식각 특성에 관하여 확인하였다. Micro blaster 장비와 식각에 사용한 파우더는 COMCO INC. 제품을 사용하였다. Micro blaster를 $Al_2O_3$ 파우더의 입자 크기, 분사 압력, 기판의 종류, 노즐과 기판과의 간격, 반복 횟수, 노즐 이동 속도 등의 공정 조건에 따른 식각 특성에 관하여 분석하였다. 특히 실제 반도체 MEMS 공정에 적용 가능한지 여부를 확인하기 위하여 바이오 PCR-chip을 제작하였다. 먼저 glass 기판과 Si wafer 기판에서의 식각률을 비교 분석하였고, 이 식각률을 바탕으로 바이오 PCR-chip에 사용하게 될 미세 홀과 미세 채널, 그리고 미세 챔버를 형성 하였다. 패턴을 형성하기 위하여 TOK Ordyl 사의 DFR(dry film photoresist:BF-410)을 passivation 막으로 사용하였다. Micro blaster에 사용되는 파우더의 직경이 수${\mu}m$ 이상이기 때문에 $10\;{\mu}m$ 이하의 미세 채널과 미세홀을 형성하기 어려웠지만 현재 반도체 MEMS 공정 기술로 제작 연구되어지고 있는 바이오 PCR-chip을 직접 제작하여 micro blaster를 이용한 반도체 MEMS 공정 기술에 적용 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.65 no.4
• /
• pp.838-855
• /
• 2023

The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus triggers infectious diseases, resulting in pulmonary damage and high mortality in domestic poultry worldwide. This study aimed to analyze miRNA expression profiles after infection with the HPAI H5N1 virus in resistant and susceptible lines of Ri chickens.For this purpose, resistant and susceptible lines of Vietnamese Ri chicken were used based on the A/G allele of Mx and BF2 genes. These genes are responsible for innate antiviral activity and were selected to determine differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in HPAI-infected chicken lines using small RNA sequencing. A total of 44 miRNAs were DE after 3 days of infection with the H5N1 virus. Computational program analysis indicated the candidate target genes for DE miRNAs to possess significant functions related to cytokines, chemokines, MAPK signaling pathway, ErBb signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway. Several DE miRNA-mRNA matches were suggested to play crucial roles in mediating immune functions against viral evasion. These results revealed the potential regulatory roles of miRNAs in the immune response of the two Ri chicken lines against HPAI H5N1 virus infection in the lungs.