• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.110-122
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• 2009

Along with the increasing interests of modem-day society toward topics of health and beauty, various studies are being actively conducted on the effects of diet for obesity prevention, and separate from aspects of disease prevention and health promotion. This study aimed to examine individual perceptions of obesity by age, and to prepare basic data for implementing an age-based weight control system, by comparing attitudes toward weight control. The research and analysis were conducted using questionnaires, provided to high school students(teenagers, 189 students), college students(20 or older, 116 students), and adults(30 or over, 88 adults) living in Daegu City. In terms of the respondents' perceptions of obesity, among those who described themselves as overweight, only about 10% were actually proven to be overweight. Also, significantly more female students than male students perceived themselves as overweight, despite the fact that they were in a normal weight range(p<0.007). There was no significant difference in the cause of obesity by gender, but it was found to be attributed to a lack of exercise for teenagers, and poor eating habits for those in their twenties and thirties. Concerning the intention to participate in a weight management class, the female teenagers showed significantly more interest than the male teenagers(p<0.017). Also, with regard to the respondents' attitudes toward weight control, the teenage females showed significantly higher interest in weight control than the teenage males p<0.003 and those in their twenties p<0.001. Moreover, regarding the period in which the respondents became most interested in weight, the teenage male students were most interested in weight during their middle school years and teenage females became most interested during their high school years. Therefore, the information from this study leads us to propose there is a need to correct the suggested reckless dieting that is occurring within an appearance-based society, as well as a need to establish a systematic weight control system, along with gathering subsequent basic data.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.469-473
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• 1992

Data on the birth weight, 8 week body weight and ewe body weight of an unselected random mating Romney Marsh sheep flock are analyzed to study the influence of various environmental factors. The average birth weight of lambs was 5.06 kg. Sex of lamb, birth type and dam age contributed significant variation in lamb birth weight (p < 0.05). Males were significantly heavier than females (p < 0.05) and singles were significantly heavier than multiples (p < 0.05) at birth. Birth weight of lamb increased with the progress of dams' age. The overall average 8 week body weight of lambs was 20.84 kg. Effect of birth weight, sex, birth type and dam age was significant on 8 week body weight of lamb. Eight week body weight increased with the increase of lamb birth weight (b=1.285 kg). Ewes' body weight taken before tupping was affected by ewes' age, year of performance and their weight at birth. It was concluded that performance data on lamb birth weight, 8 week body weight and ewe body weight should be corrected for the above relevantly significant environmental factors in any genetic calculation in the United Kingdom Romney March sheep.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.52-59
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relative weight gain at 2-week intervals up to 6 weeks after birth to predict retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) requiring treatment among very low birth weight infants. Methods: A total of 211 preterm infants with birth weights <1,500 g and gestational age <32 weeks were retrospectively reviewed. The main outcome was the development of ROP requiring treatment. Body weight measurements were recorded daily. Relative weight gains (g/kg/day) were calculated at the second, fourth, and sixth week after birth. Results: Of the 211 infants, 89 developed ROP, of which 41 spontaneously regressed and 48 with early treatment of ROP type I required laser treatment. The relative weight gain at 2, 4, and 6 weeks postnatal age was significantly lower in infants with ROP requiring treatment than in infants without ROP or those with spontaneous regression (P<0.001, P=0.005, and P=0.004, respectively). On logistic regression, poor relative weight gain in the first 2 weeks was found to be related to ROP requiring treatment (adjusted odds ratio, 0.809; 95% confidence interval, 0.695-0.941; P=0.006). Relative weight gain at 2 weeks postnatal age was significantly lower in infants with ROP requiring treatment compared to that in ROP requiring no treatment (P=0.012). Conclusion: Poor postnatal weight gain in the first 2 weeks of life is an important and independent risk factor for ROP requiring treatment. Postnatal weight gain can predict the development of severe ROP requiring treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1669-1673
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• 2004

Milk yield, lamb birth weight and weaning weight responses to shearing during winter in sheep were investigated. A total of 46 Karayaka ewes were allocated into two treatment groups. Pregnant ewes in one group were shorn on day 100 of gestation (Shorn, n=24) and the remaining ewes were left unshorn to serve as controls (Unshorn, n=22). The ewes were maintained on pasture during the day and housed in the evenings. Lamb birth weight, weaning weight and ewes'' daily milk yield in fifteen dayintervals until weaning (75 days) were recorded. Shearing ewes on day 100 of pregnancy increased gestation length (p<0.01) compared to unshorn ewes (147.8${\pm}$0.45 vs. 145.9${\pm}$0.42 days). Birth weights of lambs from shorn ewes on day 100 of their pregnancy were higher (p<0.01) than those from unshorn ewes (3.7${\pm}$0.11 vs. 3.2${\pm}$0.07 kg). Shearing pregnant ewes increased (p<0.05) the lamb weaning weight at day 75 post-lambing (23.6${\pm}$1.10 vs. 19.5${\pm}$0.91). It also increased milk yield (p<0.05). Milk yields on day 75 of lactation were 302${\pm}$33 and 425${\pm}$25 g per day for unshorn and shorn ewes on day 100 of pregnancy, respectively. Lamb survival at weaning was higher (p<0.05) in lambs from shorn ewes compared to those from unshorn ewes. In conclusion, shearing pregnant ewes in winter months enhanced milk yield, lamb birth weight, lamb weaning weight and lamb survival. It is suggested that increasing both lamb birth weight and subsequent milk yield of dams by shearing ewes on day 100 of pregnancy during winter may improve postnatal lamb viability.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome after changes in the treatment strategies for very low birth weight infant (VLBWI) in a single neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) center. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 300 VLBWI born from 1st January 2010 to 31th December 2016. We compared the outcomes including survival rate, birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA), and morbidities between period I (2010-2013, P-I) and period II (2014-2016, P-II). Results: The average survival rate was not different between P-I and P-II. However, the survival rate of ${\leq}24$ weeks' GA, 25 weeks' GA, 26 weeks' GA were 57%, 69%, 93% respectively in P-II and 31%, 59%, 87% in P-I respectively. The survival rate of infants with birth weight <500 g, 500-749 g, 750-999 g were 100%, 55%, 90% respectively in P- II and 50%, 24%, 80%, respectively in P-I. The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was higher in P-II than in P-I (P=0.012) and moderate-to-severe BPD was also higher in P-II (P=0.004). Incidence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with treatment, necrotizing enterocolitis (stage ${\geq}2$), and abnormal brain sonography were significantly lower in P-II (P=0.027, P=0.032, P=0.005). Incidences of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with laser treatment and early sepsis were not different. Conclusion: The survival rate and complications of VLBWI were improved in period II, especially in less than 750 g and below 26 weeks, except incidence of BPD. Changes of NICU strategies were effective to improve mortality and morbidity in VLBWI.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.161-174
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to reduce the spasticity of plantarflexion. the subjects of this study were 30 hemiplegic patients with stroke who received of physical therapy in JinJu o o hospital from May to July 2000. the subjects were divided into three groups(FES groups 10, FES + tilt table-wedge board standing groups 10, & tilt table-wedge board standing groups 10). The result were as follow 1. FES therapy was a effective method to reduce the spasticity of plantarflexor. there was a significant difference in modified Ashworth scale(p<.01). there was a significant difference in weight bearing ratio between nonparetic and paretic side(p<.01). 2. Tilt table-wedge board standing therapy was a effective method to reduce the spasticity of plantarflexor to a degree but there was a no significant difference in modified Ashworth scale(p<.05). there was a significant difference in weight bearing ratio between nonparetic and paretic side(p<.01). 3. Tilt table-wedge board standing therapy + FES therapy was a effective method to reduce the spasticity of plantarflexor. there was a significant difference in modified Ashworth scale(p<.01). there was a significant difference in weight bearing ratio between nonparetic and paretic side(p<.01) 4. There was a significant difference in weight bearing ratio between nonparetic and paretic side according to the grade spasticity(p<.01). 5. For normal persons vs hemiplegic patients, there was a significant different in weight bearing ratio between nonparetic and paretic side(experimental subjects 1 p<.01, experimental subjects 2 p<.01, control subjects p<.05).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2014

Cordyceps is a fungus used as a traditional medicine in China, Japan, and Korea. Paecilomyces (P.) japonica is a new cordyceps that was recently cultivated on silkworm pupae in Korea. The present study evaluated the toxicological effects of P. japonica in rats. Forty rats were treated with oral doses of P. japonica (0, 20, 100, or 500 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Twenty additional rats were treated with 0 or 500 mg/kg/day of P. japonica for 4 weeks and then maintained for 2 weeks without treatment. Clinical signs, body weight, food and water consumption, and organ weight as well as hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology data were examined. Body weight gain of the group treated with 500 mg/kg/day was significantly reduced. Microscopically, karyomegaly, single cell necrosis, and mitosis were observed in the renal tubular epithelium of all treated groups. In conclusion, P. japonica caused a reduction of body weight and renal injury in rats. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of P. japonica was less than 20 mg/kg/day.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.218-227
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Malnutrition during hospitalization is linked to increased morbidity and mortality, but there are insufficient studies observing clinical factors contributing to weight loss during hospitalization in Indonesia. This study was therefore undertaken to determine the rate of weight loss during hospitalization and the contributing factors. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This was a prospective study involving hospitalized adult patients aged 18-59 yrs, conducted between July and September 2019. Body weight measurement was taken at the time of admission and on the last day of hospitalization. The factors studied were malnutrition at admission (body mass index < 18.5 kg/m²), immobilization, depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II Indonesia), polypharmacy, inflammatory status (neutrophil-lymphocytes ratio; NLR), comorbidity status (Charlson Comorbidity Index; CCI), and length of stay. RESULTS: Totally, 55 patients were included in the final analysis, with a median age of 39 (18-59 yrs) yrs. Of these, 27% had malnutrition at admission, 31% had a CCI score > 2, and 26% had an NLR value of ≥ 9. In all, 62% presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, and depression was documented in one-third of the subjects at admission. Overall, we recorded a mean weight loss of 0.41 kg (P = 0.038) during hospitalization, with significant weight loss observed among patients hospitalized for 7 days or more (P = 0.009). The bivariate analysis revealed that inflammatory status (P = 0.016) was associated with in-hospital weight loss, while the multivariate analysis determined that the contributing factors were length of stay (P < 0.001) and depression (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: We found that inflammatory status of the patient might influence the incidence of weight loss during hospitalization, while depression and length of stay were independent predictors of weight loss during hospitalization.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.724-741
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the body weight controls and eating disorders of university students in Gunsan. The subject of the present study included 229 male students (53.8%) and 197 female students (46.2%), totalling 426 students from Kunsan University. The subjects consisted of 56 underweight (13.1%), 265 with normal weight (62.2%), and 105 overweight (24.6%). Especially, in females, 20.8% of them were underweight, which is 6.6% higher than males, showing a significant difference (p<0.001). Regarding body image, 21.8% of the males thought they were fat, while 40.6% of the females thought they were fat. Regarding the perceived body type, shown in the difference between their own size and the ideal size, males recorded 0.03, while females recorded 1.75, showing a major significant difference (p<0.001). Regarding body satisfaction, 33.2% of the males were unsatisfied, while 52.8% of the females were unsatisfied (p<0.001). The social expectations of the male subjects' sizes and weights recorded 2.04, while that of females recorded -2.51, showing that people's opinions expected the female subjects' bodies to be thinner (p<0.001). Additionally, the social expectation of the subjects' weight control recorded an average of 15.22 (13.92 for males, 16.73 for females), showing that the female subjects' felt that people's opinions wished them to lose their weight (p<0.001). Regarding the recognition on weight control, interested males were 49.4%, while interested females were 86.8%, showing the females superior rate (p<0.001). The beliefs in relation to weight control recorded an average of 62.01, with the score of females of 67.89 being significantly higher than that of males which was 56.96. The subjects showed a relatively positive response towards weight control (p<0.001). EAT-26 score was employed to determine the eating attitudes in relation to gender. Here, the final score of males was 15.46, which was significantly lower than that of females, which was 22.21 (p<0.001). Furthermore, regarding the score of eating attitudes in relation to obesity index, the eating disorder scale scores on the questions related to bulimia and diets to lose weight as weight increases were high. However, the eating disorder scale score on oral control, which actually controls food, was low. To control the expansion of excessive weight control attempts and their side effects, the recognition of the students' body types needs to be corrected, and nutrition education programs on eating habits and eating disorders to foster proper weight loss are deemed necessary.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.231-243
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between body image and BMI with satisfaction of own body image, snack intake practices, food intake practices and weight control practices of 226 female college students in Jeonbuk province using questionnaire. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The average height, weight and BMI was 162.08cm, 52.02kg and 19.78, respectively. The average ideal body weight of the subjects was 48.92kg. Ninety percent of the subjects was dissatisfied with their body image. The degree of dissatisfaction was higher in the group who recognized themselves as fat. Most of subjects wanted to lose weight, but as the group having a recognition of thin body image significantly wanted to gain weight (p<0.001). 2. The subjects preferred fruits and juices for snack. The more subjects recognized themselves as fat, the more they restricted snack intake (p<0.05). 3. The rate of skipping meal tends to increase. The subjects did not intake balanced meals and skipped breakfast most (20.7%). The number of food groups taken at breakfast, lunch and dinner was 1.84, 2.25 and 2.55, respectively and the most variable food groups were taken at dinner(p<0.001). Dairy food group intake was low. The duration of meal time was longer in the underweight group by BMI regardless of body image recognition (p<0.05). 4. The weight controlling method was concentrated mostly on decreasing food intake. The more subjects recognized themselves as fat, the more they tried to control weight (p<0.001). Even though 59.5% of the subjects with no weight control experience had no future weight control plans, 50% of the group who recognized themselves as normal or fat did not want to control weight in the future (p<0.01). These results suggest that nutrition education programs and correction programs of food behaviors and weight control should start from focusing on the accurate recognition of body image for college female students.