• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.143-156
• /
• 1974

The purpose of this experiment was to study one side of germination physiology based on that protein profiles and protease relating to protein metabolism, that peroxidase, catalase, $\alpha$-amylase, $\beta$-amylase, and malate dehydrogenase involved in the carbohydrate metabolism of seed germination. All these experiments were divided into the two groups with and without acetone treatment, and were carried out. The protein bands of each germinating stage between the groups treated with and without acetone showed certain basic pattern in polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. However, there was a little difference in the number of protein band, optical density, and migration velocity between two groups. The isozyme bands of peroxidase, and catalase between two groups in polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis did not show the numeral difference, but the optical density of certain germinating stage treated with acetone was higher than the group untreated with it and it showed their enzyme activity. The $\alpha$-amylase and $\beta$-amylase activities which involved in starch metabolism of seed germination were higher in the treated group than the other. On one hand, the protease activity of hydrolase occurred in the seeds for germination was also higher, more or less in the treated group than in the other. The isozyme band pattern of malate dehydrogenase in TCA cycle of energy metabolism pathway was very different between two groups growing for 72 hours with and without acetone treatment in cellulose acetate electrophoresis. It indicated that two isozyme bands of malate dehydrogenase was high. Consequently these experimental results mentioned above indicated that acetone treatment before sowing had an effect on dissolving certain complexed lipid substance involved in the seed coats, the activity of carbohydrate hydrolase increased with water absorption which was most comfortable in its germination, dissolved glycerin and fatty acid became certain energy source, and they stimulated the acceleration of respiration metabolism.

• Plant Resources
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.29-44
• /
• 2002

In this study, plant regeneration through in vitro culture from plantlet stems of Yooja (C. junos Sieb.) and trifoliate orange (P. trifoliata Rafin.) was attempted to make mass-production system of virus-free plants having the same genotype with mother plant. In order to investigate physiological change depending on the developmental stage of plant regeneration, the changes of total protein, peroxidase and esterase activity and their isozyme patterns as well were examined in 1/2 MS medium. The results are as follows : 1. The MS medium for the optimal callus induction and shoot formation was utilized. The medium was supplemented either with 2,4-D and Kinetin or with BA and NAA. The optimal concentrations were the combination of 1.0mg/ 2,4-D +0.3mg/ Kinetin and 1.0mg BA +0.3mg NAA in callus induction and shoot formation, respectively. 2. For the plant regeneration from somatic embryos, 1/2 MS medium was used with supplements of growth regulators (free, 1.0mg/ IBA +1.0mg/ BA ,0.5mg/ IBA +0.5mg/ BA). Shooting and rooting were the best in the treatment of 0.5mg/ IBA and 0.5mg/ BA combination. 3. The total protein content has a tendency of increase with the developmental stage of embryo, but it was decreased at the plantlet. Also it was the highest at 8 and 6 weeks stage in C. junos Sieb. and P. trioliata Rafin, respectively. In the SDS-PAGE pattern of protein, C. junos Sieb. showed bands of 29.0 and 40kDa at 10 weeks. The 45,66 and 97.4 kDa bands at 10 weeks of culture were shown in P. trifoliata Rafin. 4. The highest esterase activity was shown at the 6 and 8 weeks of culture in C.junos Sieb. and P. trifoliata Rafin.., respectively. 5. Esterase isozyme patterns were shown difference according to the developmental stage. In C. junos Sieb. a new band was observed at pl 7.7 following 4 weeks culture. On the other hand, new bands in P. trifoliata Rafin. were observed at pl 7.5~6.5 following 4 and 6 weeks culture, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.319-328
• /
• 1993

All vertebrates other than lampreys exhibit multiple loci encoding lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27,LDH). From the result shown by cellulose acetate and starch gel electrophoresis, the lampreys were-reported to have only one isozyme. However in our results the LDH of skeletal muscle, heart and kidney in Lampetra japonica were separated into three isozymes and that of liver was separated into two isozymes by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The LDH of skeletal muscle and heart were separated into four isozymes and that of liver was separated into two isozymes by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (PAGlEF). The LDH of skeletal muscle were separated into four isozymes through the chromatofocusing. The molecular weight of LDH isozymes in skeletal muscle was approximately estimated to be 140,000 by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The LDH isozymes of skeletal muscle, heart and liver were inhibited by pyruvate to the nearly similar degree. And the degree of inhibition by pyruvate showed the value between LDH A$_4$and LDH B$_4$isozyme. And the LDH isozymes in heart, liver and skeletal muscle were thermostable. The results mentioned above indicate that the LDH isozyme in lamprey (Lampetra japonica) has not one isozyme but isozymes. And it is also found out that the two structures of their subunits are similar each others.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.353-362
• /
• 1993

The present study was carried out to investigate the localization and isozyme patterns of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in metacercariae and in adults of F. seoulensis by enzyme-histochemistry method and electrophoresis. Acidphosphatase showed a strong activity at pH 5 in the intestinal caecum of adults, but showed no reactions in the nonsubstrate control and in the inhibitor-treated control. Alkaline phosphatase showed a strong activity at pH 8 in the intestinal caecum and the tribocytic organ of adults, and in the intestinal caecum and in the genital anlagen of metacercariae. In non-denature PAGE, ten bands of protein fraction from the extracts of metacercariae and twenty-two bands from adults were detected. In denature PAGE, two protein bands having molecular weights of 192 kDa and 123 kDa were detected in the metacercariae, but absent from adult stage. In adults, protein fractions of 27.5 kDa, 24.5 kDa, 21.4 kDa, 18 kDa, 16 kDa and 15 kDa were detected. In non-denature PAGE, isozymes of acid phosphatase showed the most strong activity at pH 5, whereas no activity was shown at pH 2 and pH 7. One isozyme 85 kDa, 73 kDa and 62 kDa) in adults.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.13-16
• /
• 1991

Tea plant has been mllainly grown in shade aild wet flace of several temple surroundings for a long years in sourthern area of Korea, since it has been introduced about1,000 years ago In those rlaces, it has been mostly grown in semi-wild, but recentlycultivated in a part of Bosung-gun, Cheonnanl province. External forms of tea plantwere considered that those have a little changed according to geographic andclimatic conditions of growing places. To investigate how is the variation of teaplant by the difference of environment conditions under growing places, we had ex-amined the protein and isozyme patterns of seeds of tea plant. In spite of difference ofgeographic and climatic conditions, the patterns of catalase, esterase, acid phosphat-ase isozyme and protein showed the same aspects.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
• /
• 1984.09a
• /
• pp.257-275
• /
• 1984

Enzymatic browning is considered desirable in tea and tobacco processing but undesirable in many fruits processing at the present time. It is necessary to understand the nature of the enzyme, phenoloxidase, in order to control browning reactions, and extend its effects to formation of browning products as antioxidants in ginseng. Ginseng exhibits antioxidant activity when incorporated with turkey dark meat patties. The activity in red ginseng showed about two times stronger than white ginseng. One of the phenolic antioxidants from fresh, white and reprocessed white ginseng was identified as phenol 2.6 Bis(1.1 dimethyl ethyl) 4-methyl among several unknown compounds by GC/mass spectrometer. In red ginseng, no phenol 2.6 Bis (1.1 dimethyl ethyl) 4-methyl was detected, the compound may be polymerized by phenoloxidase and form some higher molecular compounds which may possess high antioxidant activity. Phenoloxidase isozymes in fresh Korean ginseng (panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) were extracted with phosphate buffer at pH 7.3. The isozymes were purified through ammonium sulfate fractionation, dialysis and chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column. Two groups of phenoloxidase were shown to be present, one in the floating agglomerated group and the other in the precipitate. group from the 0.85 saturation ammonium sulfate. The DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, the phenoloxidase isozyme present in the precipitate appears as the first peak (I), and that in the agglomerate in the second peak (II). Isozyme I showed higher activity with catechin and catechal, and isozyme II showed higher activity with p-cresol. The isozyme showed two optimum pH activity one at pH 4.5 and the other at 8.5 with catechin as substrate. Korean ginseng phenoloxidase has high heat stability. When heated at $75^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours, its activity remained $90\%\;and\;80\%$ on phenoloxidase I and II respectively. Phenoloxidase I was most active on (+) catechin followed by p-cresal, catechol and epicatechin. Phenoloxidase II was most active on p-cresal followed by (+) catechin, catechol, p-coumanic acid and epicatechin. Sodium bisulfite, sodium cyanide, ascorbic acid glutachion in the oxidized form, sodium diethyl dithiocarbomate and ethylendiamine tetra acetate (EDTA) acted as inhibitors. Red ginseng color development was initiated by phenoloxidase and finished by a followed sun drying process. The antiaging activity of ginseng may be initiated by the antioxidant in the ginseng.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.86-92
• /
• 1993

The variation of the esterase isozyme, germination rate, chemical composition and digestibility of field bean(G1ycine soja S. and Z.) were estimated. The results are as follows; 1. The banding patterns of the esterase isozyme in field bean were varied with the tissue and habitat. 2. The enzyme activity of the Est-I, Est-2, Est-3 and Est-4 in field bean showed a high value compared with the other enzyme. 3. The range of germination temperature in field bean was 10-40C and the optimum germination temperature was 25- 38^{\circ}C.$. 4. The crude protein(CP) contents was 19.9% in the whole plant, 27.8% in the leaf and 45.9% in the seed, the cellulose contents was 29.5% in the whole plant, 23.0% in the leaf and 13.8% in the seed, the neutral detergent fiber(NDF) was 62.6% in the whole plant, 47.9% in the leaf and 47.9% in the seed and the acid detergent fiber(ADF) was 44.5% in the whole plant, 28.4% in the leaf and 28.4% in the seed, respectively. 5. The digestibility of the field bean was 44.1% in the whole plant, 49.6% in the leaf and 75.1% in the seed, NDF was 26.2% in the whole plant 46.2% in the leaf, ADF was 29.0% in the whole plant, 47.7% in the leaf and 58.0% in the seed and Cellulose was 48.7% in the whole plant, 58.0% in the leaf and 70.2% in the seed, respectively. 6. Total digestible nutrients(TDN) of the field bean was 47.4% in the whole plant, 51.5% in the leaf and 70.2% in the seed, respectively. The digestible energy(DE) value was 2.1 kcal/g in the whole plant, 2.27 kcal/g in the leaf and 3.10 kcal/g in the seed and the metabolizable energy(ME) value was 1.72 kcal/g in the whole plant, 1.86 kcal/g in the leaf and 3.23 kcal/g in the seed, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.19-22
• /
• 1998

Number of loci, allele frequencies, and subunit structures of 17 kinds of isozymes were analyzed in a laboratory strain of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) to get genetic markers. These isozymes had 30 loci with 21 polymorphic (70.0% polymorphism); effective number of alleles per locus, average heterozygosity (H,), and inbreeding coefficient (F) were 2.52, 32.8%, and 2 1.0%, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.245-250
• /
• 1997

The seeds and callus induced from the root of Glycine max were used as test materials. When the seed was treated with the different concentrations of Pinus rigida extract, there was a more striking inhibition of seedling growth than of seed germination. The callus of the control group was in good condition, but when treated with 5% extract there was generalized browning and cell division was decreased in the upper part of the callus. There was no difference in the fresh and dry weights in 2% extract treatment but there was dramatic repression at concentrations higher than 5%. The band activity of peroxidase isozyme in treated callus was elevated, while that of esterase was inhibited.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.203-209
• /
• 2002

Serum $\alpha$-D-mannosidase isozyme activities were measured in rats with ethanol intoxication combined with extrahepatic cholestasis induced by common bile duct ligation for the manifestation of the biochemical background of drinking hazards under the hepatobiliary disease. When chronic ethanol intoxication was combine with extraheparlc cholestasis, the activities of the rat's serum cytosolic, Iysosomal and Golgi $\alpha$-D-mannosidase isozymes increased at a more significant rate than those of the cholestasis alone. However, when acute ethanol intoxication was combined with extrahepatic cholestasis, the activities of the above isozymes were seen in the cholestasis alone. The results suggested that the elevated activities of these isozymes in chronic ethanol intoxication with cholestasis rather than in cholestasis alone were indications of increased hepatic damages, which caused these isozymes to leak into the blood in great quantity. Accordingly, the resulting data supported the fact that alcoholic drinks were enzymologically harmful to the hepatobiliary disease.