• 대한수학회보
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.1841-1850
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• 2014

It is known that the ranks of the semigroups $\mathcal{SOP}_n$, $\mathcal{SPOP}_n$ and $\mathcal{SSPOP}_n$ (the semigroups of orientation preserving singular self-maps, partial and strictly partial transformations on $X_n={1,2,{\ldots},n}$, respectively) are n, 2n and n + 1, respectively. The idempotent rank, defined as the smallest number of idempotent generating set, of $\mathcal{SOP}_n$ and $\mathcal{SSPOP}_n$ are the same value as the rank, respectively. Idempotent can be seen as a special case (with m = 1) of m-potent. In this paper, we investigate the m-potent ranks, defined as the smallest number of m-potent generating set, of the semigroups $\mathcal{SOP}_n$, $\mathcal{SPOP}_n$ and $\mathcal{SSPOP}_n$. Firstly, we characterize the structure of the minimal generating sets of $\mathcal{SOP}_n$. As applications, we obtain that the number of distinct minimal generating sets is $(n-1)^nn!$. Secondly, we show that, for $1{\leq}m{\leq}n-1$, the m-potent ranks of the semigroups $\mathcal{SOP}_n$ and $\mathcal{SPOP}_n$ are also n and 2n, respectively. Finally, we find that the 2-potent rank of $\mathcal{SSPOP}_n$ is n + 1.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.554-566
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to understand the ethnic characteristics of official uniforms of Qing(淸)) by comparing the rank systems of official uniforms of Ming(명(明)) and Qing(淸)) dynasties. As research documents, Dai-Ming-Huidian(大明會典)) and Qing-Huidian-Tu(淸明會圖)) have been used. This research shows that there are many traditional characteristics of Manchurians (滿族)) in the official uniforms of Qing(淸)) dynasty. The characteristics are as follows: First, Qing dynasty made their own official uniform based on the traditional Manchurians(滿族)) costume, and added rank system on it. Second, Qing dynasty used the animal's leather as the material of official uniforms and distinguished the level of the uniforms according to the rerity value of rareness, color, and warmth of the leather. Third, Qing dynasty used pearls produced in Manchuria as the highest level, as opposed to jades and rhinoceros horns of Ming. Fourth, Qing dynasty eliminated the animal's rank system of twelve patterns which had been used for whole history of China, but the Emperor is the only man who is able to use twelve patterns. Qing dynasty made her own pattern system of standstill/moving dragons and standstill/moving pythons. Fifth, Qing dynasty used the rank system by colors in the order of yellow, red, and blue consistently over various official uniforms, while Ming used different color orders for different uniforms.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.548-562
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• 2015

The growing popularity of mobile application has led to researchers and practitioners needing to understand users' mobile application download behaviors. Using large-scale transaction data obtained from a leading Korean telecommunications company, we empirically explore how application download rank, which appears to users when they decide to download a new application, affects their extended mobile application download. This terminology refers to downloading an additional application in the same category as those that they have already downloaded. We also consider IT characteristics, user characteristics, and application type that might be associated with the extended application download. The analysis generates the following result. Overall, a higher rank of a new application encourages the extended application download, but the linear relationship between the rank and the extended application download disappears when critical rank points are incorporated into the model. Further, no quadratic effect of rank is found in the extended application download. Based on the results, we suggest theoretical and managerial implications.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제19권1_2호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2005

Denote the set of n ${\times}$ n complex Hermitian matrices by Hn. A pair of n ${\times}$ n Hermitian matrices (A, B) is said to be rank-additive if rank (A+B) = rank A+rank B. We characterize the linear maps from Hn into itself that preserve the set of rank-additive pairs. As applications, the linear preservers of adjoint matrix on Hn and the Jordan homomorphisms of Hn are also given. The analogous problems on the skew Hermitian matrix space are considered.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2017

문서의 요약은 요약문 내의 문장들끼리 서로 연관성 있게 이어져야 하고 하나의 짜임새 있는 글이 되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 위의 목적을 달성하기 위해 문장 간의 유사도와 수반 관계(Entailment)를 고려하여 문서 내에서 연관성이 크고 의미, 개념적인 연결성이 높은 문장들을 추출할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 논문에서는 Recurrent Neural Network 기반의 문장 관계 추론 모델과 그래프 기반의 랭킹(Graph-based ranking) 알고리즘을 혼합하여 단일 문서 추출요약 작업에 적용한 새로운 알고리즘인 TextRank-NLI를 제안한다. 새로운 알고리즘의 성능을 평가하기 위해 기존의 문서요약 알고리즘인 TextRank와 동일한 데이터 셋을 사용하여 성능을 비교 분석하였으며 기존의 알고리즘보다 약 2.3% 더 나은 성능을 보이는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2014

이 논문에서는 hybrid projection 함수와 rank order 필터를 이용하여 눈동자를 검출하는 방법을 제안한다. 눈썹을 눈동자로 검출하는 오류를 줄이기 위하여, hybrid projection 함수를 이용하여 얼굴 영역에서 눈썹을 검출하고 눈썹이 포함되지 않도록 눈 영역을 설정한다. 눈 영역에서 rank order 필터를 사용하여 눈동자 후보점을 찾고 위치를 보정한다. 두 눈동자 후보점을 기하학적인 제약조건을 기반으로 쌍으로 묶고 각 쌍의 두 눈에 대한 유사도를 정합을 이용하여 측정하여가장작은값을 갖는 쌍을 최종눈동자로 결정한다. BioID 얼굴데이터베이스의 얼굴 영상 700개에 대한 실험 결과 92.4%의 검출율을 얻었으며 기존 방법보다 약 21.5% 개선된 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제25권
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• pp.339-375
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• 1996

This study is to identified the motivation level which university librarians in Korea perceived as motivating them, and to examine relationship between those motivation level and the demographic characteristics of university librarians. The results of this study are summarized as follows : (1) The factors that the motivation level is higher than the average (3.000) are shown to be human relation (3.399), working itself (3.198), and supervision (3.050), but the other factors : recognition (2.995), communication (2.985), salary (2.892), job evaluation (2.622), job environment (2.619), and promotion (2.126) are shown to be lower than the average. (2) In the results of X$^{2}$ test about the differences of the motivation level among 6 demographic attributes of the population, the attributes shown a significant difference are as follows : Salary : rank ; working terms ; sex ; national university or private one ; qualification. Promotion : rank ; sex ; national university or private one ; qualification. Recognition : rank. Human relation : no significant differences among 6 attributes. Work itself : rank ; sex. Communication : rank ; working terms ; sex ; education background ; qualification. Job evaluation : sex ; education background ; qualification. Job environment : sex ; national university or private one. Supervision : rank ; working terms ; sex ; education background ; qualification.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.5888-5903
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• 2019

The Relational ranking method applies authority-based ranking in relational dataset that can be modeled as graphs considering also their tuples' values. Authority directions from tuples that contain the given keywords and transfer to their corresponding neighboring nodes in accordance with their values and semantic connections. From our previous work, ObjectRank extends to ValueRank that also takes into account the value of tuples in authority transfer flows. In a maked difference from ObjectRank, which only considers authority flows through relationships, it is only valid in the bibliographic databases e.g. DBLP dataset, ValueRank facilitates the estimation of importance for any databases, e.g. trading databases, etc. A relational keyword search paradigm Object Summary (denote as OS) is proposed recently, given a set of keywords, a group of Object Summaries as its query result. An OS is a multilevel-tree data structure, in which node (namely the tuple with keywords) is OS's root node, and the surrounding nodes are the summary of all data on the graph. But, some of these trees have a very large in total number of tuples, size-l OSs are the OS snippets, have also been investigated using ValueRank.We evaluated the real bibliographical dataset and Microsoft business databases to verify of our proposed approach.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.955-961
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• 1990

신호 의존성 잡음(signal-dependent noise)이 섞인 관측 모형에서 순위 통계량(rank statistic)을 써서 약한 신호를 검파하는 검파기의 검정 통계량을 얻었다. 이 논문에서는 비가선성 잡음(non-additive noise)환경을 생각하려고 순가산성 잡음 뿐만 아니라 신호 의존성 잡음도 함께 나타내는 일반화된 관측모델을 썼다. 이 모형에서 얻은 국소 최적순위(locally optimum rank) 검파기는 국소 최적(locally optimum) 검파기와 비슷한 몰을 가지고, 순가산성 잡음 모형에서의 국소 최적 순위 검파기를 일반화한 것임을 보였다. 또한 다중 입력인 때에도 비슷한 결과를 얻을 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2009

This paper presents a rank-constrained linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach to the design of a multi-objective controller such as $H_2/H_{\infty}$ control. Multi-objective control is formulated as an LMI optimization problem with a nonconvex rank condition, which is imposed on the controller gain matirx not Lyapunov matrices. With this rank-constrained formulation, we can expect to reduce conservatism because we can use separate Lyapunov matrices for different control objectives. An iterative penalty method is applied to solve this rank-constrained LMI optimization problem. Numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the proposed method.