• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictable value of pretreatment $^{18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography ($^{18}F$-FDG PET-CT) in radiotherapy (RT) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 36 stage I-IV HCC patients treated with RT. $^{18}F$-FDG PET-CT was performed before RT. Treatment target was determined HCC or PVTT lesions by treatment aim. They were irradiated at a median prescription dose of 50 Gy. The response was evaluated within 3 months after completion of RT using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Response rate, overall survival (OS), and the pattern of failure (POF) were analyzed. Results: The response rate was 61.1%. The statistically significant prognostic factor affecting response in RT field was maximal standardized uptake value (maxSUV) only. The high SUV group (maxSUV ${\geq}5.1$) showed the better radiologic response than the low SUV group (maxSUV < 5.1). The median OS were 996.0 days in definitive group and 144.0 days in palliative group. Factors affecting OS were the %reduction of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level in the definitive group and Child-Pugh class in the palliative group. To predict the POF, maxSUV based on the cutoff value of 5.1 was the only significant factor in distant metastasis group. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the maxSUV of $^{18}F$-FDG PET-CT may be a prognostic factor for treatment outcome and the POF after RT. A %reduction of AFP level and Child-Pugh class could be used to predict OS in HCC.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1211-1216
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• 2004

A MNNG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) induced chromium resistant strain ($Cr^{r}18$) of unicellular cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans has been isolated and characterized. The resistant strain could grow (although restricted to $50\%$ of control) in chromium concentration (180${\mu}M$) lethal to the wild-type. Sublethal ($160{\mu}M$) concentration of $Cr^{6+}$ significantly reduced (13-$37.5$) all the photosynthetic pigments of A. nidulans with maximum reduction in phycoerythrin followed by ChI $\alpha$. Pigments of A. nidulans were drastically decreased in lethal concentration of Cr^{6+} with maximum reduction in phycoerythrin ($75\%$) and allophycocyanin ($67.5\%$). Resistant strain $Cr^{r}18$ resisted toxic effects of sublethal and lethal concentrations of $Cr^{6+}$ on photosynthetic pigments as revealed by less decrease in pigments as compared to A. nidulans. Effect of $Cr^{6+}$ stress was also studied on nitrogen assimilation and phosphate uptake. Sublethal concentration of $Cr^{6+}$ drastically reduced ($71.5\%$) nitrate uptake by A. nidulans while a decrease of $29\%$ was observed in strain $Cr^{r}18$. Short (2 day) exposure of A. nidulans and its resistant strain $Cr^{r}18\;to\;Cr^{6+}$ did not affect nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase (transferase), whereas longer (10 day) exposure to $Cr^{6+}$ lowered activities of both enzymes in A. nidulans but not significantly in the strain $Cr^{r}18$. Ammonium uptake by both strains was not affected by $Cr^{6+}$. Thus, $Cr^{6+}$ affected photosynthetic pigments, nitrogen assimilation, and phosphate uptake of A. nidulans, while strain $Cr^{r}18$ was able to resist toxic effects of the metal. Advantages of using strain $Cr^{r}18$ for bioremediation purposes have been evaluated by studying $Cr^{6+}$ removal from the solution. Resistant strain $Cr^{r}18$ was able to remove $33\%$ more $Cr^{6+}$ than A. nidulans and thus it can prove to be a good candidate for bioremediation of $Cr^{6+}$ from polluted waters.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.685-691
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• 2008

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary copper (Cu) on performance, carcass characteristics and lipid metabolism in lambs. Fifty DorperMongolia wether lambs (approximately 3 month of age; 23.80.6 kg of body weight) were housed in individual pens and were assigned randomly to one of five treatments. Treatments consisted of 1) control (no supplemental Cu), 2) 10 mg Cu/kg DM from Cu-lysine, 3) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from Cu-lysine, 4) 10 mg Cu/kg DM from tribasic copper chloride (Cu2(OH)3Cl; TBCC), 5) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from tribasic copper chloride. The Cu concentration was 6.74 mg/kg DM in the basal diet. Body weight was measured on two consecutive days at the start and the end of the 60-day experimental period. Blood samples were collected and then the lambs were slaughtered on d 60. Performance was not affected (p>0.05) by dietary Cu treatment. Cu-supplemented and control lambs had similar hot carcass weight, dressing percentage and longissimus muscle area, but Cu supplementation, regardless of source and level, reduced (p<0.01) 12th rib backfat and kidney fat in lambs. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) and serum triglyceride concentrations were increased (p<0.05), total cholesterol concentrations were decreased (p<0.05) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations tended to be increased (p<0.07) by Cu supplementation. However, Serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary treatment. Fatty acid profile of longissimus muscle was similar across treatments. These results indicate that Cu-lysine and TBCC are of similar availability in lambs. Cu supplementation given to DorperMongolia wether lambs altered lipid metabolism. The reduction in backfat depth may be due to copper altering TNF- metabolism in lambs. Supplementation of 10 or 20 mg Cu/kg DM showed similar effects on lipid metabolism in lambs.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2007

The stem cell research is emerging as a cutting edge topic for a new treatment for many chronic diseases. Recently, dental stem cell would be possible for regeneration of tooth itself as well as periodontal tissue. However, the study of the cell characterization is scarce. Therefore, we performed the genetic profiling and the characterization of mouse fetus/neonate derived dental tissue and cell to find the identification during dental development. We separated dental arch from mandibles of 14.5 d fetal mice and neonate 0 d under the stereoscope, and isolated dental cells primarily from the tissues. Then, we examined morphology and the gene expression profiles of the primary cells and dental tissues from fetus/neonate and adult with RT-PCR. Primary dental cells showed heterogeneous but the majority was shown as fibroblast-like morphology. The change of population doubling time levels (PDLs) showed that the primary dental cells have growth potential and could be expanded under our culture conditions without reduction of growth rate. Immunocytochemical and flow cytometric analyses were performed to characterize the primary dental cell populations from both of fetus (E14.5) and neonate. Alpha smooth muscle actin (${\alpha}-SMA$), vimentin, and von Willebrand factor showed strong expression, but desmin positive cells were not detected in the primary dental cells. Most of the markers were not uniformly expressed, but found in subsets of cells, indicating that the primary dental cell population is heterogeneous, and characteristics of the populations were changed during culture period. And mesenchymal stem cell markers were highly expressed. Gene expression profile showed Wnt family and its related signaling molecules, growth factors, transcription factors and tooth specific molecules were expressed both fetal and neonatal tissue. The tooth specific genes (enamelin, amelogenin, and DSPP) only expressed in neonate and adult stage. These expression patterns appeared same as primary fetal and neonatal cells. In this study we isolated primary cells from whole mandible of fetal and neonatal mice. And we investigated the characteristics of the primary cells and the profile of gene expressions, which are involved in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during tooth development. Taken together, the primary dental cells in early passages or fetal and neonatal mandibles could be useful stem cell resources.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2004

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), particularly the highly selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors have been shown to decrease the growth of tumor, in part, by inhibition of neovascularization. Recently, besides mature endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been shown to contribute neovascularization in angiogenic tissues. In this study, we addressed a question whether nimesulide, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, could affect differentiation of EPCs into adhesive endothelial cells in vitro. Total mononuclear cells were isolated from cord blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and then the cells were incubated with nimesulide or vehicle control for 7 days. The number of adherent and spindle-shaped cells decreased by nimesulide treatment in a concentration-dependent fashion at a concentration range of 5 - 200 ${\mu}M$. Moreover, the adherent cells double positive for DiI-ac-LDL uptake and lectin binding significantly decreased upon nimesulide treatment. There was no change of expression of CD31 between treatment and control groups, whereas slight reduction was detected upon treatment in expression of VE-cadherin, ICAM-1, vWF, ${\alpha}v$, and ${\alpha}5$. Nimesulide also reduced cell viability during first 3 days' culture and induced apoptosis in adherent EPCs, resulting in increased annexin-V-positive and propidium iodide-negative cells. Taken together, these results suggest that nimesulide could be applied for the inhibition of new vessel formation, in part, by inhibiting differentiation and survival of EPCs.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.481-487
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 유기계 소재의 폴리우레탄 스펀지를 무기계 바인더 용액에 함침시킴으로써 유무기 하이브리드 구조의 흡음재를 개발하였다. 무기계 바인더 용액은 ${\alpha}$형 반수석고에 60%의 물과 경화 지연제, 유동화제, 아크릴 수지 등의 혼화 재료를 첨가하여 슬러리 용액으로 제조하였으며, 무기계 바인더 용액에 함침시킨 유기계 스펀지를 함침, 가압탈수, 건조시킴으로서 특성평가용 시료를 제작하였다. 개발 시료의 흡음률을 임피던스 관내법을 이용하여 시험 평가한 결과, NRC 흡음계수 값은 0.41로 기존에 시판되고 있는 흡음재들과 비교하여 2배 이상으로 우수한 흡음성능을 나타냈으며, 불연성능 시험평가 결과 준불연재료(2급) 기준을 만족함을 확인하였다. 또한 건축 내장재로서의 기초 시험평가 및 EL248. 규격에 따른 유해성분 시험평가를 통해 본 연구에서 개발한 유무기 하이브리드 소재가 흡음재뿐만 아니라 단열 및 보온재로서의 역할이 가능하며, 유해성 기준을 만족하는 친환경 건축소재로 활용 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권6호통권134호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2005

아스펜 목재(Populus tremuloides, L.)를 Ceriporiopsis subvermispora로 1, 2, 4, 6주 동안 부후 처리한 후, 목재의 화학적 성상변화를 관찰하였으며, 부후목재로부터 리그닌(MWL)을 단리하여 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) 분석과 nitrobenzene oxidation (NBO)을 실시하였다. 부후가 진행되면서 목재내 리그닌의 함량은 계속 감소하여 6주 후에는 미처리재와 비교하여 20%까지 감소하였다. 리그닌은 균주처리에 의하여 저분자화되어 알칼리에 쉽게 용출되는 것으로 예측된다. 부후목재의 전섬유소(Holocellulose) 함량은 미처리재와 비교하여 5~6% 정도 감소하였다. 부후 과정 동안 $\alpha$-셀룰로스의 함량은 커다란 변화가 관찰되지 않았으나, xylose의 함량은 대조구의 23.4%에서 6주후에는 18%까지 감소하였다. 아스펜 목재의 리그닌 분자량은 균주처리에 의해서 점차 감소되었다가 부후 6주 이후에는 안정화 단계에 접어드는 경향을 보였다. 단리한 리그닌의 NBO 분석 결과, NBO 분해산물의 수율은 대조구와 비교하여 6주처리 후에는 20% 가량 감소되었다. 특히, 부후 목재 리그닌에서 S-타입 유도체(syringaldehyde+syringic aicd)의 감소량이 두드러졌다. G-타입 유도체(vanillin+vanillic acid)의 수율은 부후가 진행되면서 약 20% 가량 증가되었는데, 이는 부후과정에서 리그닌 분해 효소에 의한 S-리그닌의 탈메톡실화 반응이 진행되었음을 암시한다. 결론적으로, C. subvermispora는 부후 과정동안 G-리그닌보다 S-리그닌을 더욱 선택적으로 분해하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1644-1650
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• 2008

티트리 에센셜 오일은 호주 원주민들의 전통적인 피부 소독제나 치료제로 널리 사용되어 왔으며, 항균효과와 주요성분 등 많은 보고가 있으나 추출 방법이나 사용 부위 등에 따라 효능의 차이를 보인다. 본 연구에서는 아로마테라피 등에 현재 많이 이용되고 있는 시판 티트리 오일의 성분과 효능을 평가하여, 다른 에센셜 오일과의 비교 이용을 용이하게 하고자 하였다. 티트리 오일의 주요성분은 GC-MS 분석에 의하여 ${\beta}$-terpinene (20.87%), ${\alpha}$-pinene (17.60%), p-cymene (11.23%), 3-carene (10.40%), trans-anethole (8.47%), limonene (4.65%)으로 밝혀졌으며, 5% 이하의 농도에서 3시간 미만까지는 피부세포에 독성이 없었다. 오일의 라디컬 소거능을 알아본 결과, DPPH와 ABTS의 양라디컬에 대하여 강한 소거능을 나타내어 강한 항산화능을 시사했다. 또한, 오일의 direct contact와 vapor-phase의 항균활성을 disc diffusion법으로 스크리닝 한 결과, direct contact 활성의 경우 그람음성균에 대하여 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, vapor는 S. aureus에 대하여 강한 효과를 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 실제 많이 사용되는 티트리 오일의 성분과 생물활성을 측정함으로써 허브 오일들의 정확한 선택과 활용을 위한 기본적인 결과를 얻었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2000

Cyanobacteria와 방선균에 의해 생산되는 대표적 취기물질인 geosmin의 정성 및 정량 분석법을 확립하고, cyanobacteria인 Phormidium sp. NIVA-CYA7의 생장과 geosmin의 생산 및 방출에 영향을 주는 환경요인에 대해 조사하였다. Geosmin의 분석은 전처리과정이 간편하고, purge 시간을 1시간으로 단축한 purge & trap concentrator가 장착된 gas chromatograph로 분석하였다. Phomidium의 생장은 pH 7.9, 온도 $20^{\circ}C$, 광도 120-140 $\mu$E/ $m^(2)$/s, Z8 배지의 배양조건에서 8일까지 유도기를, 이후 14일까지 지수성장기를, 14일 이후에는 정상기를 보였다. 배지내 질소의 농도를 250 $\mu$M에서 100 또는 25 $\mu$M로 감소시켰을 때, Phormidium의 생장은 거의 영향을 받지 않았다. 반면에 배지의 인 농도를 25 $\mu$M에서 10 또는 2.5 $\mu$M로 감소시켰을 때, 인의 농도가 감소할수록 생장은 억제되었다. 배지내 인의 농도를 25 $\mu$M에서 10 $\mu$M로 감소시켰을 때, 단위 탄소당 또는 엽록소-$\alpha$당 geosmin의 함량은 각각 35%와 68% 증가하였다. Phormidium의 geosmin함량은 pH 9.4에서 0.0824 $\mu$g/mg C로 pH 6,4m 7.9에 비해 두 배 이상 많았다. 따라서 Phormidium의 geosmin 함량은 생장단계, 인의 농도, pH등에 따라 영향을 받지만, geosmin의 방출은 이들 요인에 의하여 크게 영향받지 않는 것으로 판단된다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2004

강화도 장화리 갯벌 퇴적물 내의 두 층(0-1cm, 6-7cm 깊이)에 서식하는 미생물 군집구조 및 다양성을 비교하기 위해 16S rDNA의 서열에 기초한 말단제한절편 다형성(terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism ; T-RFLP)분석과 클론의 염기서열 분석을 실시하였다. 제한 효소HhaI을 이용한 T-RFLP분석 결과표층(0-1cm)에서는 다양한 크기(($60{\pm}2$) bp-($667{\pm}2$)bp)의 말단제한절편(T-RF)들이 고른 분포로 나타났으며, 저층(6-7 cm)에서는 ($60{\pm}2$)bp와 ($93{\pm}2$) bp의 T-RF가 우세하게 나타나 표층에 비해 미생물 군집구조가 단순한 것으로 조사되었다. 총 172개의 클론의 16S rDNA부분 염기서열 분석 결과 98% 유사도 수준에서 98%의 클론이 GenBank에 등록된 염기서열 중 배양된 어떤 미생물과도 일치하지 않는 것으로 조사되었으며, 이 중 148개의 클론(86%)이 서로 다른 계통형(phylotype)으로 분류되어 다양한 미생물이 서식하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 대부분의 클론들은 $\alpha$-, $\gamma$, $\delta$-Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria/Holophaga 그리고 green nonsulfur bacteria 그룹 내에 속하였고, 이 중 Proteobacteria 그룹이 표층에서는 전체의 69%, 저층에서는 46%의 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 또한 황원소의 산화와 환원에 관련된 $\gamma$-Proteobacteria와 $\delta$-Proteobacteria 그룹이 각각 21.5%와 15.7%로 우세하게 나타나 갯벌의 미생물 군집 구조가 혐기성 환경에서의 황환원에 의해 생성된 황의 거동과 밀접한 연관이 있음을 시사하였다.