• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.190-198
• /
• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 결혼이주여성이 필요로 하는 영유아 건강관리의 세부 내용과 그 요구를 확인하여 교육프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료를 마련하는 것이다. 연구대상은 B시 1개 다문화가정지원센터의 결혼이주여성 30명과 B시 전체 구군 보건소의 영유아 건강관리 업무 담당자 25명으로 하였으며, 2016년 12월부터 2017년 1월까지 일반적 특성, 영유아 건강관리교육 현황, 영유아 건강관리 교육 중요도 및 실행도, 교육요구도를 설문조사하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 20.0을 사용하여 빈도분석, 교차분석, t-test, ${\chi}^2-test$하였다. 연구결과는 조사대상 결혼이주여성의 56.7%가 영유아 건강관리 교육을 받아 본 적이 없다고 하였고, 결혼이주여성의 영유아 건강관리 교육 중요도 및 실행도에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결혼이주여성의 영유아 건강관리 교육 요구도 분석 중 Borich 분석에서는 '안전수칙/사고', '기저귀/대소변 훈련', '성장발달'을 상위 25%로 응답하였고, Locus for Focus에서는 HH영역으로 '안전수칙/사고', '목욕', '아기마사지', '기저귀/대소변 훈련', '이유식'을 응답하였다. 결혼이주여성과 영유아 건강관리 업무 담당자의 교육 중요도 비교에서는 영유아 건강관리 전 영역에서 영유아 건강관리 업무 담당자의 교육 중요도가 더 높았다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 정보 접금이 차단된 결혼이주여성을 포함하도록 조사대상을 확대한 조사와 이에 따른 영유아 건강관리 교육 프로그램 개발 및 실행을 제안한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.177-187
• /
• 2002

This study was done to determine the factors associated with childhood overweight in 721 sixth grade elementary school students, in Busan. The students' heights, weights, waist circumferences and triceps-skinfold thicknesses were measured using standard techniques. Other data were collected using a questionnaire that included information about physical activity, television watching, and the amount of exorcise taken during leisure times, family history of diseases related to obesity: social data including family income, parents'education and occupations, eating behaviors; parental weights and heights; and parental activity levels. Childhood overweight was defined as a body mass index at or above the 85th percentile for age and sex. The prevalence of overweight revealed no significant difference between sexes, (24.2% in boys and 22.03% in girls). The risk of childhood overweight was significantly greater if either the mother or the father were overweight. The odds ratio for childhood overweight associated with maternal overweight was 5.045 (94% CI : 3.262-7.801), and 2.727 (95% CI : 1.764-4.218) was the case for parental overweight. Children having a history of hear diseases had higher odds ratios than those who did not. The odds ratios for overweight associated with income were not different. However, a higher odds ratio for overweight was observed in children whose fathers had only an elementary or middle school education than those whore fathers had a high school or college education. Children whose fathers' occupations were service workers or shopkeepers (OR : 3.314, 95% C = 1.851-5.934) or had no occupation (OR = 3.756, 95% CI : 1.898-7.430) had a treater risk of overweight than those whose fathers'were professionals or once workers. The risk of overweight increased in children having more irregular meal times and faster eating times, rather than those having an intake pattern of high energy and sugar containing floods. The amount of exercise taken during leisure times, and daily physical activity showed no difference between overweight and non-overweight children. However, television watching time, especially on weekends, was greater in overweight children than in non-overweight children. Television watching time was positively correlated with BMI, triceps-skin(31d thickness, waist circumference and waist/height ratio. Therefore, television watching was found to be a useful predictor of overweight in children. Television watching in children was negatively related to paternal activity levels, and positively related to parental television watching time. In fact, fathers whose children were overweight were physically less active than fathers whose children were non-overweight. Parents appeared to be a strong influence on their children's physical activity levels. In conclusion, a low family social class, defined on the basis of the father's occupation or education, parental overweight, increased television watching, and unhealthy physical activity levels in parents were all considered risk factors for childhood overweight. Among these, television watching time and lack of physical activity were considered to be the most important risk factors that could be easily modified for the prevention of and intervention in, overweight in children.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2024

이 연구에서는 서낙동강을 구성하는 소유역 중 대지면적 비율이 크고 인구밀도가 높은 해반천 유역의 유출 및 수질을 모의하기 위한 HSPF(Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN)모형을 개발하였다. 유역에서 발생하는 비점오염 부하량을 관리하기 위한 세 가지 시나리오가 개발되어 모형에 적용되었고, 오염부하량의 감소와 부하지속곡선에 대비한 수질 기준 초과율이 분석되었다. 시나리오는 비점오염의 발생을 줄이기 위한 도로 청소, 다양한 저영향 개발 기법을 고려한 유출 저감 조치, 그리고 강으로 들어가는 비점오염원을 완화하기 위한 유입 저감 조치로 구성되었다. 첫 번째 시나리오에서는 김해시의 도로 청소 차량 수와 같은 실제 조건이 고려되었으며, 두 번째와 세 번째 시나리오에서는 적용 가능한 토지 이용별 면적의 50%에 저영향 개발 기법을 적용하는 것으로 적용되었다. 모든 세 가지 조치를 적용한 결과, BOD 오염 물질 부하가 58.28%, T-N은 58.49%, T-P는 51.56% 감소할 수 있는 것으로 도출되었다. 또한, 5년간 누적된 수질 측정의 60번째 백분위수를 목표 수질로 설정하고 구축된 유량지속곡선에 의한 초과율분석 결과, 결과적으로, BOD의 경우 조치 적용 전 41.57%의 초과율이 조치 후 16.32%로 감소하여, 초과율이 25.25% 감소하였다. T-N의 경우 조치 전 40.31%에서 조치 후 22.84%로, T-P의 경우 62.43%에서 27.22%로 감소하였다.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
• /
• 제35권
• /
• pp.2.1-2.15
• /
• 2023

Background: Phthalates are endocrine disrupting chemicals that are widely used in the production of items of daily life such as in polyvinylchloride plastics, insecticides, and medical devices. This study aimed to determine the association between phthalate exposure and shellfish consumption using data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 3 (2015-2017), which is a nationally representative survey. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the KoNEHS cycle 3 data of 3,333 (1,526 men and 1,807 women) adults aged more than 19 years. Data related to the variables of sociodemographic factors, health-related behaviors, dietary factors, seafood consumption frequency, and urinary phthalate metabolites concentrations were collected. The concentrations of urinary phthalate metabolites of all the participants were divided into quartiles to define high and low concentration groups based on the 75th percentile concentration. A χ² test was conducted to analyze the distribution of independent variables. To analyze the relationship between shellfish consumption and phthalate exposure, the odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using logistic regression analysis. Results: Total adults with shellfish consumption frequency of over once a week showed the following adjusted ORs for high concentrations of the following metabolites compared with the group that consumed shellfish once a week or less: 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-2.06) for mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), 1.43 (95% CI: 1.01-2.03) for mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), 1.57 (95% CI: 1.10-2.24) for ∑di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (∑DEHP), 2.01 (95% CI: 1.46-2.77) for mono-carboxyoctyl phthalate (MCOP), 1.56 (95% CI: 1.11-2.18) for mono-carboxy-isononly phthalate (MCNP), and 2.57 (95% CI: 1.85-3.56) for mono (3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP). Conclusions: The concentrations of urinary phthalate metabolites (MEOHP, MECPP, ∑DEHP, MCOP, MCNP, and MCPP) were higher in adults with a higher frequency of shellfish consumption.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제40권6호
• /
• pp.148-160
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 비오톱 지도와 항공 라이다 자료만을 이용해 GIS 분석기법을 적용하여 개개의 비오톱에 대한 기후분석 및 평가정보를 제공함을 목적으로 하고 있다. 1차 분석단계에서 비오톱 지도로부터 면적, 경사, 경사길이, 표면특성, 바람통로 기능, 바람통로 폭, 바람통로 장애물 요소를 각각 구하여 냉기/신선기 생성 및 바람통로 기능을 평가하였으며 2차 분석단계에서는 이들 요소를 종합하여 기후평가를 수행하여 비오톱 단위 별로 기후평가 자료를 생성하였다. 항공라이다 자료는 비오톱을 이용한 바람통로 분석에 유효하였다. 평가인자와 평가 등급 간의 상관성을 그래프 및 상관계수를 통해 확인한 결과 냉기/신선기 생성 등급과 Surface_GRD 평균값과의 상관계수가 (-)0.967로 높게 나타났으며 바람통로 기능에서는 등급별 Function_GRD 평균값과의 상관계수가 (-)0.884, Obstacle_GRD 평균값과의 상관계수는 (-)0.834로 나타났다. 기후평가 등급과 WindCorridor_GRD 상관계수는 0.928, 기후평가 등급과 ColdAir_GRD 상관계수는 0.855로 나타나 비오톱의 WindCorridor_GRD가 ColdAir_GRD에 비해 상관성이 높게 나타났으며 항공사진 정사영상을 이용한 육안 검수에서도 기후평가 및 등급화 결과가 잘 반영된 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로, 비오톱 지도와 항공라이다 자료를 이용해 기후 분석 및 평가 방법을 적용한 결과 광명-시흥시 보금자리 주택개발 예정지의 기후평가등급에 따른 면적분포 비율은 1등급 18.5%, 2등급 18.2%, 3등급 30.7%, 4등급 25.2%, 5등급 7.4% 순으로 나타났으며 본 연구방법을 통해 기후평가 정보를 각각의 비오톱 단위별로 통계적 정보와 함께 제시할 수 있었다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety and effect of Biman-tang (BMT) on two different administration periods in the treatment of childhood overweight and obesity. Methods In retrospective study, 39 overweight and obese ($85^{th}$ percentile ${\leq}$ Body Mass Index (BMI)) children were treated with BMT from January 2006 to April 2013 at Korean Medical Clinic in Suwon, Korea. The primary outcomes were the changes in BMI and Obesity Index (OI) from baseline to the treatment groups. Secondary outcomes included the changes in height, weight and safety of the medicine. Comparisons of BMI, OI, height and weight between the short-period (SP) treatment group and the long-period (LP) treatment group were done by using ANCOVA. Results The change of the mean of BMI ($-0.5{\pm}0.6kg/m^2$ vs $-1.4{\pm}0.8kg/m^2$, respectively; p=0.003) and OI ($-3.6{\pm}3.9%$ vs $-9.7{\pm}4.7%$, respectively; p<0.001) showed significant reduction both in SP (n=16) and LP treatment group (n=23). The mean height showed no significant difference in both groups. The mean weight of LP treatment group showed significant reduction compared to SP treatment group ($-0.2{\pm}1.3kg$ vs $-1.6{\pm}1.6kg$, respectively; p=0.006). Most of the children were compliant to the medication and no serious adverse events were found in two groups. Conclusions These findings emphasize that BMT is effective in the treatment of childhood obesity and it requires at least 45 days of treatment for the best result.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제53권6호
• /
• pp.705-710
• /
• 2010

Purpose: To determine the clinical manifestations and outcomes of patients with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) and esophageal atresia (EA) born at a single neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted for 97 patients with confirmed TEF and EA who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between 1990 and 2007. Results: The rate of prenatal diagnosis was 12%. The average gestational age and birth weight were $37^{+2}$ weeks and $2.5{\pm}0.7kg$, respectively. Thirty-one infants were born prematurely (32%). Type C was the most common. The mean gap between the proximal and distal esophagus was 2 cm. Esophago-esophagostomy was performed in 72 patients at a mean age of 4 days after birth; gastrostomy or duodenostomy were performed in 8 patients. Forty patients exhibited vertebral, anorectal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, limb (VACTERL) association with at least 2 combined anomalies, and cardiac anomaly was the most common. The most common post-operative complications were esophageal stricture followed by gastroesophageal reflux. Balloon dilatation was performed for 1.3 times in 26 patients at a mean age of 3 months. The mortality and morbidity rates were 24% and 67%, respectively, and the most common cause of death was sepsis. The weight of approximately 40% patients was below the 10th percentile at 2 years of age. Conclusion: Mortality and morbidity rates of patients with TEF and EA are high as compared to those of infants with other neonatal surgical diseases. Further efforts must be taken to reduce mortality and morbidity and improve growth retardation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.230-241
• /
• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Inadequate nutrition in infants and young children affects physical growth and neurocognitive development. Therefore, early nutritional intervention is important to promote catch-up growth in young children with faltering growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutritional supplementation with a pediatric concentrated and balanced nutritional supplement formula on promoting growth and improving nutritional status in children with nonorganic faltering growth. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Children aged 12-36 months whose body weight-for-age was < 5^th percentile on the Korean Growth Charts were enrolled. Children born premature or having organic diseases were excluded. Children were instructed to consume 400 mL of formula per day in addition to their regular diet for 6 months. Pediatricians and dietitians educated the parents and examined the subjects every 2 months. Anthropometric parameters were measured at baseline and at 2, 4, and 6 months, and laboratory tests were done at baseline and 6 months. The good consumption group included children who consumed ≥ 60% of the recommended dose of formula. RESULTS: Total 82 children completed the 6-month intervention. At baseline, there were no significant differences in all variables between the good consumption and poor consumption groups. Weight and weight z-scores were significantly improved in the good consumption group compared to the poor consumption group at the end of the intervention (P = 0.009, respectively). The good consumption group showed a significant trend for gaining weight (P < 0.05) and weight z-score (P < 0.05) compared to the poor consumption group during 6 months of formula intake. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen was significantly increased in the good consumption group (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional supplementation with a concentrated and balanced pediatric nutritional formula along with dietary education might be an effective approach to promote catch-up growth in children with nonorganic faltering growth.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2009

In 2008, baby formula containing melamine was found to be responsible for a large outbreak of renal failure in infants in China. A total of 294,000 infants were hospitalized, and at least 6 babies died due to ingestion of the tainted formula. Melamine contains high levels of nitrogen (>60%), which is used as an indicator of protein content. Therefore, high levels of melamine in infant formula were thought to be the result of deliberate contamination m an attempt to increase its apparent protein content. Following inspections by China's national inspection agency, assorted products from at least 22 dairy manufacturers across China were found to have varied levels of melamine (range: 0.096196.61 mg/kg). Melamine co-exposure with cyanuric acid can induce acute melamine-cyanurate crystal nephropathy, which can lead to renal failure at much lower doses than if either compound were ingested alone. However, currently, there are very few data on melamine analogues other than cyanuric acid. At an expert meeting of the WHO and FAO held to review toxicological aspects of melamine and cyanuric acid on December 14, 2008, a new tolerable daily intake (TDI) of melamine was established that could be applied to the entire population, including infants. Therefore, a risk assessment of the various theoretical melamine contamination levels in infant formula and selected representative foods (other than infant formula and sole-source nutrition products) is urgently needed for Korean babies and children up to 7 years of age. Although the undetectable level regulation for infant formula may be low enough to guarantee the safety of babies under the age of 1 year (including premature babies), the melamine standard of 2.5 ppm for foods other than baby formula could be insufficient to protect the 95th percentile population aged 1~2 years because of this demographic's high consumption of milk, yogurt, and soy milk (hazard index = 1.79). Because TDIs are chronic values intended to protect an individual over his/her lifetime, occasional modest ingestion in excess of the TDI is not likely to be a health concern. However, children aged 1~2 years may have renal systems that are comparatively more sensitive to the crystallization of melamine and its analogues. Therefore, governmental jurisdictions may need to practice more prudent management of food items that could raise the melamine exposure for this population.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 2010

'97년 전국 5개 지방경찰청 32개 지점에 무인과속과속단속시스템의 도입으로 교통사고 발생 건수와 사망자수를 현저하게 감소시키는 효과를 가져와 지속적으로 확대 설치할 예정에 있다. 2010년 7월말 현재 4,495대를 설치 운영하고 있다. 대교, 터널 및 경사구간 등 위험도로구간에서는 치사율이 일반도로부의 3배 이상 높게 나타나 연속적인 속도관리가 필요하다. 그러나 무인과속단속시스템은 한 지점의 속도만으로 과속을 단속하는 시스템으로 단속지점에서만 속도를 줄이는 캥거루 효과가 발생하고 있어 연속적인 속도감소 효과를 기대할 수 없다. 따라서 위와 같은 연속적인 위험이 존재하는 도로구간에서는 교통사고 예방을 위해서는 위험구간의 평균속도로 과속차량을 단속하는 무인구간속도위반단속시스템 도입이 필요하게 되었다. 이에 본 논문에서는 무인구간속도위반단속시스템과 무인과속단속시스템 설치구간에서의 운전자 운행 특성인 캥거루 효과를 분석하고, 또한 제한속도 준수를 위한 두 시스템에 효과성을 검토하기 위하여 데이터를 수집하고 통계적인 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 무인구간속도위반단속시스템에서는 캥거루효과가 발생하지 않았고, 무인과속단속시스템에서만 캥거루효과가 발생하였다. 이러한 캥거루효과에 의한 차량 감속은 약 400m 전방에서 감속을 시작하는 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 무인구간속도위반단속시스템의 평균속도가 무인과속단속시스템 보다 약 35km/h 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 결론 적으로 무인구간속도위반단속시스템이 캥거루효과도 없을 뿐만 아니라 제한속도 준수에도 효과적인 것으로 검증되었다.