• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.511-518
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• 2011

To avoid hyperacute rejection of xenografts, ${\alpha}1,3$-galactosyltransferase knock-out (GalT KO) pigs have been produced. In this study, we examined whether Sia-containing glycoconjugates are important as an immunogenic non-Gal epitope in the pig liver with disruption of ${\alpha}1,3$-galactosyltransferase gene. The target cells were then used as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer (scNT). A total of 1,800 scNT embryos were transferred to 10 recipients. One recipient developed to term and naturally delivered two piglets. Real-time RT-PCR and glycosyltransferase activity showed that ${\alpha}2,3$-sialyltransferase (${\alpha}2,3ST$) and ${\alpha}2,6$-sialyltransferase (${\alpha}2,6ST$) in the heterozygote GalT KO liver have higher expression levels and activities compared to controls, respectively. According to lectin blotting, sialic acidcontaining glycoconjugate epitopes were also increased due to the decreasing of ${\alpha}$-Gal in heterozygote GalT KO liver, whereas GalNAc-containing glycoconjugate epitopes were decreased in heterozygote GalT KO liver compare to the control. Furthermore, the heterozygote GalT KO liver showed a higher Neu5Gc content than control. Taken together, these finding suggested that the deficiency of GalT gene in pigs resulted in increased production of Neu5Gc-bounded epitopes (H-D antigen) due to increase of ${\alpha}2,6$-sialyltransferase. Thus, this finding suggested that the deletion of CMAH gene to the GalT KO background is expected to further prolong xenograft survival.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.42-49
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• 1979

This experiment was carried out to clarify the practical use of farrowing induction with PGF2$\alpha$ in swine production. Total 320 heads of pregnant sow were used and the effects of administration time, dosage, administration method of PGF2$\alpha$ and parity of sow on the farrowing induction were investigated. The results obtained in this experiment were summarized as following: 1. Total 228 heads out of 240 head which were treated with PGF2$\alpha$ in order to farrow artificially were farrowed normally. the rate of farrowing induction was 95%. 2. Several farrowing symptoms such as restlessness, bloody eye, udder swelling, milk discharge and nest building for piglets were observed in a few minutes after administration of PGF2$\alpha$. 3. Artifical parturition of sow treated with PGF2 at the 113rd, 112nd, 111st, 110th and 109th day of pregnancy were induced 17.0$\pm$7.3, 24.2$\pm$7.0, 31.3$\pm$14.7, 43.0$\pm$12.2 and 62.2$\pm$15.7 hours after administration, and the duration of pregnancy was significantly (P<0.01) shortened by PGF2$\alpha$ anministration. 4. Minimum amount of PGF2$\alpha$ per head for effective farrowing inductin was considered to be more than 5mg, and the more the amount, the shorter time needed for farrowing induction was resulted. 5. Effective farrowing induction was obtained from the sow treated with PGF2$\alpha$ via vulvomucous rather than from the sow treated via intromuscular, and intervals from PGF2$\alpha$ administration to farrowing in 4th-6th farrowed sows were shorter than those of 1st-3rd farrowed sows but no significant difference was observed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1641-1642
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• 2007

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1147-1151
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• 2005

A new naturally occurring sterol, compound 5, and six known stigmasterols were isolated from fruits of Ailanthus altissima Swingle by repeated column chromatography and RP-HPLC. Their structures were identified as, 5${\alpha}$-stigmastane-3,6-dione (1), 3${\beta}$-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one (2), stigmast-5-ene-3${\beta}$, 7${\alpha}$-diol (3), 6${\alpha}$-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (4), 5${\alpha}$-stigmastane-3${\beta}$, 6${\beta}$-diol (5), stigmast-4-ene-3${\beta}$, 6${\alpha}$-diol (6), stigmast-5-ene-3${\beta}$, 7${\alpha}$, 20$\xi$-triol (7) by spectral analysis and comparison with the published data. These compounds have not been reported from genus Ailanthus, whereas compound 7 was identified by NMR for the first time. In addition, the $95\%$ ethanol extract and compounds from the fruits of Ailanthus altissima SWINGLE were assayed for in vitro antimicrobial activity. The extract was potent active against the assayed bacteria while compounds 3 and 7 exhibited moderate activity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.291-296
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• 1997

The studies were carried out to evaluate the constituents in the aerial part of Isodon excisus var. coreanus (Labiatae). From the aqueous fraction of methanol extract, compound I (${\alpha}$-[[3-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid), compound II (9-methyl-dihydroferulic acid-4-O-.betha.-D-glucopyranosyl $(1{\rightarrow}2)$-${\alpha}$-L- rhamnopyranosyl (1.rarw.4)-.betha.-D-glucopyranoside), compound III (ent-7.alpha., 11${\alpha}$,15.betha.-trihydroxy-kaur-16-en-1-O-.betha.-D-glucopyranoside) and compound IV ($2{\alpha}$,3${\beta}$,$7{\alpha}$,23-tetrahydroxy-olean-12 -en-28-oic acid 28-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside) were isolated and identified on the basis of their physicochemical and spectroscopic evidences[IR, FAB(-)MS,$^{1}H-NMR,$$^{13}C-NMR,$$ HMQC$$^{1}H-^{1}H $COSY and HMBC (Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Connectivity)]. Especially, New compounds II and III were named Isodonin A and Isodonin B respectively.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2018

Triglyceride (TG) is known to be associated with inflammatory disease including atherosclerosis. In a variety of atherosclerosis models, T lymphocytes are localized in the earliest lesions of atherosclerosis. T cell associated cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$ have pre-dominant inflammatory effects in chronic vascular diseases. In our previous study, we found that the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and its receptor, $TNF-{\alpha}R$ was increased when Jurkat T lymphocyte cell lines were exposed to TGs. Therefore, experiments were conducted to determine which cell signaling pathway are involved in the increase of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}R$ expression by TGs. To identify signal transduction pathways involved in TG-induced upregulation of $TNF-{\alpha}$, we treated TG-exposed Jurkat T cells with specific inhibitors for MEK1, PI3K, $NF-{\kappa}B$ and PKC. We found that inhibition of the MEK1 pathway blocked TG-induced upregulation of $TNF-{\alpha}$. However, the expression level of $TNF-{\alpha}R$ did not change with any signal transduction inhibitor. Based on this observation, we suggest that increase of exogenous TG induces increase of $TNF-{\alpha}$ expression through MEK1 pathway in Jurkat T cells. In addition, it was confirmed that the increase of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}R$ expression by TGs occurs via different pathways.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 2009

The role that antioxidants play in the process of carcinogenesis has recently gained considerable attention. $\alpha$-Lipoic acid, a naturally occurring disulfide molecule, is a powerful antioxidant that reportedly exerts beneficial effects in patients with advanced cancer by reducing the level of reactive oxygen species and increasing glutathione peroxidase activity. In this study, we examined changes in the protein and mRNA expression associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cultured in the presence of various concentrations (0, 250, 500, and 1000 ${\mu}mol/L$) of $\alpha$-lipoic acid. The results revealed that $\alpha$-lipoic acid inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells in a dose-independent manner (P < 0.05). Additionally, $ErbB_2$ and $ErbB_3$ protein and mRNA expressions were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner in response to $\alpha$-lipoic acid (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the protein expression of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) levels and total Akt, and the mRNA expression of Akt were decreased dose-dependently in cells that were treated with $\alpha$-lipoic acid (P < 0.05). Bcl-2 protein and mRNA expressions were also decreased in cells that were treated with $\alpha$-lipoic acid (P < 0.05). However, Bax protein and mRNA expressions were increased in cells treated with $\alpha$-lipoic acid (P < 0.05). Finally, caspase-3 activity was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in cells treated with $\alpha$-lipoic acid (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrated that $\alpha$-lipoic acid inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.237-239
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• 1985

The effects of red light on the $\alpha$-amylase activity of barley during germination was studied. The $\alpha$-amylase activity was highest at 5th day on germination, showing rapid increase from the 3rd-day of germination. The highest activity of $\alpha$-amylase was shown among the groups treated by red light at 100 Lux luminous intensity for 3 hours a day. The $\alpha$-amylase activity of barley during germination under the red light increased to 44% compared with that of barley during germination under the dark. The protein content was not increased by red light.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2015

Pickands constant $H_{\alpha}$ appears in the classical result about tail probabilities of the extremes of Gaussian processes and there exist several different representations of Pickands constant. However, the exact value of $H_{\alpha}$ is unknown except for two special Gaussian processes. Significant effort has been made to find numerical approximations of $H_{\alpha}$. In this paper, we attempt to compute numerically $H_{\alpha}$ based on its representation derived by $H{\ddot{u}}sler$ (1999) and Albin and Choi (2010). Our estimates are compared with the often quoted conjecture $H_{\alpha}=1/{\Gamma}(1/{\alpha})$ for 0 < ${\alpha}$ ${\leq}$ 2. This conjecture does not seem compatible with our simulation result for 1 < ${\alpha}$ < 2, which is also recently observed by Dieker and Yakir (2014) who devised a reliable algorithm to estimate these constants along with a detailed error analysis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.471-478
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• 2006

In this paper we prove that if AX=b is a partial sign-solvable linear system with A being sign non-singular matrix and if ${\alpha}=\{j:\;x_j\;is\;sign-determined\;by\; Ax=b\}, then $A_{\alpha}X_{\alpha}=b_{\alpha}$ is a sign-solvable linear system, where $A_{\alpha}$ denotes the submatrix of A occupying rows and columns in o and xo and be are subvectors of x and b whose components lie in ${\alpha}$. For a sign non-singular matrix A, let $A_l,\;...,A_{\kappa}$ be the fully indecomposable components of A and let ${\alpha}_i$ denote the set of row numbers of $A_r,\;r=1,\;...,\;k$. We also show that if $A_x=b$ is a partial sign-solvable linear system, then, for $r=1,\;...,\;k$, if one of the components of xor is a fixed zero solution of Ax=b, then so are all the components of x_{{\alpha}r}$.