• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.416-427
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the antineoplastic effect of several herbal medicine mixtures (compositions of Astragalus membranaceu, Angelica gigas, Trichosanthes kirilowii, Panax ginseng, Rhus verniciflua Stokes) on the SNU-80 anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell line. Methods: MTT assay was used to examine whether our herbal medicine mixtures decreased cell growth rate of SNU-80. Wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay was performed to investigate whether our herbal medicine mixtures affect the migration and invasion of anaplastic cancer cells, SNU-80. ELISA assay was performed to know if our herbal medicine mixtures suppressed the expression of pro-invasive molecules, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) secreted from SNU-80. Results: MTT assay demonstrated that A. membranaceus:A. gigas:T. kirilowii=1:1:1 or 3:1:1, A. membranaceus:A. gigas :T. kirilowii:P. ginseng=1:1:1:1 or 3:1:1:1, A. membranaceus:A. gigas:T. kirilowii:P. ginseng:R. verniciflua Stokes=1:1:1:1:1 or 3:1:1:1:1 strongly suppressed the growth of SNU-80. Wound healing assay demonstrated that A. membranaceus:A. gigas=3:1, A. membranaceus:A. gigas:T. kirilowii=1:1:1 or 3:1:1, A. membranaceus:A. gigas:T. kirilowii:P. ginseng=1:1:1:1 or 3:1:1:1, A. membranaceus:A. gigas:T. kirilowii:P. ginseng:R. verniciflua Stokes=1:1:1:1:1 or 3:1:1:1:1 inhibited the migration of SNU-80. Transwell invasion assay demonstrated that A. membranaceus:A. gigas=1:1, A. membranaceus:A. gigas:T. kirilowii =1:1:1 or 3:1:1, A. membranaceus:A. gigas:T. kirilowii:P. ginseng=1:1:1:1, A. membranaceus:A. gigas:T. kirilowii:P. ginseng :R. verniciflua Stokes=1:1:1:1:1 or 3:1:1:1:1 inhibited the invasion of SNU-80. ELISA assay demonstrated that A. membranaceus :A. gigas:T. kirilowii=1:1:1 or 3:1:1, A. membranaceus:A. gigas:T. kirilowii:P. ginseng:R. verniciflua Stokes=1:1:1:1:1 suppressed the expression of VEGF. Also, A. membranaceus:A. gigas=1:1, A. membranaceus:A. gigas:T. kirilowii=1:1:1 or 3:1:1, A. membranaceus :A. gigas:T. kirilowii:P. ginseng=1:1:1:1 or 3:1:1:1, A. membranaceus:A. gigas:T. kirilowii:P. ginseng:R. verniciflua Stokes =1:1:1:1:1 or 3:1:1:1:1 suppressed the expression of MMP-2. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study suggest that several herbal medicine mixtures suppresse the growth and inhibit the migration and invasion of SNU-80, which is anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Especially, A. membranaceus:A. gigas: T. kirilowii=1:1:1 mixture had a stronger anti-cancer effect.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 1998

The present study was conducted to characterize maternal antibody status which haemagglutination inhibition(HI) titers against canine parvovirus(CPV) in the 15 puppies delivered from 3 dams. The range of HI titers of 5 puppies delivered from a mother dog(A) with HI titer of 1 : 1,024 were 1 : 16~1 : 64 at 1 day old before suckling, 1 : 512~1 : 1,024 at 2 days old after suckling, 1 : 512~1 : 2,048 at 1 week old, 1 : 256~l : 1,024 at 2 weeks old, 1 : 128~l : 512 at 3 weeks old, 1 : 128~l : 256 at 4 weeks old, 1 : 32~1 : 128 at 5 weeks old, 1 : 16~1 : 64 at 6 weeks old, 1 : 16~1 : 64 at 7 weeks old, and 1 : 16~l : 32 at 8 weeks old. After vaccination with DHPPL to canine parvovirus in 60 days and 80 days old puppies, 1 : 8~l : 32 at 9 weeks old, 1 :16~1 : 128 at 10 weeks old, 1 : 32~1 : 256 at 11 weeks old, 1 : 16~1 : 256 at 12 weeks old, 1 : 128~1 : 256 at 13 weeks old, 1 : 64~l : 512 at 14 weeks old, and 1 : 128~1 : 512 at 15 weeks old. The HI titers of 3 puppies delivered from a mother dog(B) with HI titer of 1 : 512 were 1 : 16 at 1 day old before suckling, 1 : 256~1 : 512 at 2 days old after suckling, 1 : 512 at 1 week old, 1 : 128~1 : 256 at 2 weeks old, 1 : 64~1 : 128 at 3 weeks old, 1 : 64~1 : 128 at 4 weeks old, 1 : 128 at 5 weeks old, 1 : 64~1 : 128 at 6 weeks old, 1 : 16 at 7 weeks old, and 1 : 8 at 8 weeks old. After vaccination with DHPPL to canine parvovirus in 60 day and 80 days old puppies, < : 8~l : 8 at 9 weeks old, < : 8 ~1 : 16 at 10 weeksold, 1 : 64~1 : 128 at 11 weeks old, and 1 : 256~1 : 512 at 12 weeks old. The HI titers of 7 puppies delivered from mother dog(C) with Hl titer 1 : 1,024 were 1 : 512~1 : 1,024 at 2 days old after suckling, 1 : 256~1 : 1,024 at 1 week old, 1 : 256~l : 1,024 at 2 weeks old, 1 : 64~1 : 512 at 3 weeks old, 1 : 64~1 : 512 at 4weeks old, 1 : 8~l : 64 at 5 weeks old, 1 : 8~1 : 64 at 6weeks old, 1 : 8~1 : 32 at 7 weeks old, and < : 8~1 : 8 at 8 weeks old. Antibody to CPV was transferred mainly from mother to progeny through the colostrum and the transferred maternal antibody was in proportion to the HI titer of the mother As the HI titer of maternal antibody in puppies was low, puppies have a rapid immune response and a massive rise in HI titer to vaccination against CPV compared with puppies haying high level of maternal antibody.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.753-782
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• 2016

In this paper we deduce the number of representations of a positive integer n by each of the six triangular forms as $${\frac{1}{2}}x_1(x_1+1)+{\frac{3}{2}}x_2(x_2+1)+{\frac{3}{2}}x_3(x_3+1)+{\frac{3}{2}}x_4(x_4+1),\\{\frac{1}{2}}x_1(x_1+1)+{\frac{1}{2}}x_2(x_2+1)+{\frac{3}{2}}x_3(x_3+1)+{\frac{3}{2}}x_4(x_4+1),\\{\frac{1}{2}}x_1(x_1+1)+{\frac{1}{2}}x_2(x_2+1)+{\frac{1}{2}}x_3(x_3+1)+{\frac{3}{2}}x_4(x_4+1),\\x_1(x_1+1)+x_2(x_2+1)+{\frac{3}{2}}x_3(x_3+1)+{\frac{3}{2}}x_4(x_4+1),\\x_1(x_1+1)+{\frac{3}{2}}x_2(x_2+1)+{\frac{3}{2}}x_3(x_3+1)+3x_4(x_4+1),\\{\frac{1}{2}}x_1(x_1+1)+{\frac{1}{2}}x_2(x_2+1)+3x_3(x_3+1)+3x_4(x_4+1).$$

• 대한화학회지
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.615-622
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• 1996

1-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-benzenesulfonylmethane 1a에 LDA 및 methyl iodide를 작용시켜 1-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-benzenesulfonylmethane 2a와 2-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-2-benzenesulfonylpropane 2b를 각각 얻었다. 같은 방법으로 1-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-benzenesulfonylmethane 1b로부터 1-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-benzenesulfonylpropane 3a와 3-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-3-benzenesulfonylpentane 3b를 얻었다. 한편, 1, 1-di(benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-arylmethane 4를 butyl lithiym과 diphenyl disulfide로 처리하여 1, 1-di(benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-aryl-1-thiophenoxymethane 5를 합성하였다. 1, 1-di(benzotriazol-1-yl)methane 8을 butyl lithiym과 diphenyl disulfide로 처리하여 1, 1-di(benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-thiophenoxymethane 9a와 1, 1-di(benzotriazol-1-yl)-1, 1-dithiophenoxymethane 9b를 각각 얻었다. 화합물 9a를 m-CPBA로 산화시켜 1, 1-di(benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-benzenesulfoxymethane 10a와 1, 1-di(benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-benzenesulfonylmethane 10b를 얻었다. 한편, 화합물 3b를 170.deg.C 에서 열분해시켜 3-toluenesulfonyl-2-pentene 11ㅇ르 얻었으며, 150.deg.C의 강철봄베속에서 3b를 과량의 물로 가수분해 시켰더니 sulfone의 C-N 및 C-S 결합 모두가 절단된 diethyl ketone 13a가 생성됨을 확인하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2003

갈색에서부터 흑자색까지의 색상을 가지는 국.내외에서 수집한 23종류 유색미의 항산화 활성, 색소체 함량의 변기 및 상관성을 검정하였다. 유색미 에탄올 추출물 시료가 나타내는 환원력은 일반미 품종인 추청에 비해서 거의 모든 품종에서 높게 나타났으며, 환원력이 특히 높은 품종은 LK 1-3-6-12-1-1, Elwee, DZ 78, Jumlalocal-1, SC-45 등이었다. 전자공여능이 높은 품종은 HP 883-1-1-1-B-1-1, HP 833-1-3-1-1-1, LK-2-7-12-1-1, DZ 78 등이었고 hydroxy radical 소거활성이 큰 품종은 DK-1, IR 1544-38-2-2-1-2-2, SC-5, SC-45 등이었으며, LK 2-7-12-1-1은 오히려 산화촉진효과를 나타내는 품종이었다. 자동산화에 의한 지질 과산화물 형성을 강하게 억제하는 품종들은 RGS No. 336, LK IB-2-1-1, LK 1B-4-12-1-1, LK 1A-2-12-1-1, LK 2-7-12-1-1, HP 833-1-1-1-B-1-1등이었고 Elwee, Jumlalocal-1, SC-45 등의 품종은 산화적인 활성을 나타내고 있었다. 23품종의 유색미 중에서 색소체의 함량이 가장 많은 품종은 Elwee이었으며, 색소체 함량은 환원력과 정의 상관성이 있었고, 추출물이 고농도로 처리되었을 때 높은 환원력을 보인 유색미 품종은 linoleic acid 자동산화반응에서 지질 과산화를 촉진하는 경향이 있었다. 유색미 23품종 중에서 SC-5는 모든 반응계에서 비교적 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2001

초장과 화경장은 'Casa Blanca'의 경우 Pt:Rrh:Ve(1:1:1, v.v$^{-1}$) 처리구에서 증가되었고, 화경의 낮은 부위의 고사엽수는 Rpt:Pe:Rrh(1:1:1, v.v$^{-1}$) 처리구에서 감소되었다. 'Marco Polo'의 초장과 화경장은 Pt:Rrh(1:1, v.v$^{-1}$) 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 증가되었고, 고사엽수는 Rpt:Pe;Rrh(1:1:1, v.v$^{-1}$) 처리구에서 다른 처리구에 비해 증가되었다. 개화는 'Casa Blanca'의 경우 Pt:Pe:Ve(1:1:1, v.v$^{-1}$) 처리구에서 'Marco Polo'의 경우는 Pt:Rrh:Ve(1:1:1, v.v$^{-1}$)의 처리구에서 상당히 촉진되었다. 꽃의 길이는 'Casa Blanca'의 경우 'Rpt:Pe:Rrh(1:1:1, v.v$^{-1}$)'처리구에서, 'Marco Polo'의 경우는 Pt;Rrh(1:1, v.v$^{-1}$)처리구에서 대조구에 비해 증가되었다. 꽃의 퇴화는 두 품종 모두 Pt 단용처리시 다른 처리구에 비해 증가되었다. 화경의 경도는 'Casa Blanca'의 경우는 Pt:Pe;Ve(1:1:1, v.v$^{-1}$) 처리구에서 특히, 'Marco Polo'의 화경상단부의 경도는 Pt:Rrh(1:1, v.v$^{-1}$) 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 매우 증가되었다. 그러나 일반적으로 'Casa Blanca'의 화경 경도는 재배 배양토에 의해 크게 영향을 받지 않았다.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.781-791
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• 2016

Let $d_*(1,w)^2 ={\mathbb{R}}^2$ with the octagonal norm of weight w. It is the two dimensional real predual of Lorentz sequence space. In this paper we classify the smooth points of the unit ball of the space of symmetric bilinear forms on $d_*(1,w)^2$. We also show that the unit sphere of the space of symmetric bilinear forms on $d_*(1,w)^2$ is the disjoint union of the sets of smooth points, extreme points and the set A as follows: $$S_{{\mathcal{L}}_s(^2d_*(1,w)^2)}=smB_{{\mathcal{L}}_s(^2d_*(1,w)^2)}{\bigcup}extB_{{\mathcal{L}}_s(^2d_*(1,w)^2)}{\bigcup}A$$, where the set A consists of $ax_1x_2+by_1y_2+c(x_1y_2+x_2y_1)$ with (a = b = 0, $c={\pm}{\frac{1}{1+w^2}}$), ($a{\neq}b$, $ab{\geq}0$, c = 0), (a = b, 0 < ac, 0 < ${\mid}c{\mid}$ < ${\mid}a{\mid}$), ($a{\neq}{\mid}c{\mid}$, a = -b, 0 < ac, 0 < ${\mid}c{\mid}$), ($a={\frac{1-w}{1+w}}$, b = 0, $c={\frac{1}{1+w}}$), ($a={\frac{1+w+w(w^2-3)c}{1+w^2}}$, $b={\frac{w-1+(1-3w^2)c}{w(1+w^2)}}$, ${\frac{1}{2+2w}}$ < c < ${\frac{1}{(1+w)^2(1-w)}}$, $c{\neq}{\frac{1}{1+2w-w^2}}$), ($a={\frac{1+w(1+w)c}{1+w}}$, $b={\frac{-1+(1+w)c}{w(1+w)}}$, 0 < c < $\frac{1}{2+2w}$) or ($a={\frac{1=w(1+w)c}{1+w}}$, $b={\frac{1-(1+w)c}{1+w}}$, $\frac{1}{1+w}$ < c < $\frac{1}{(1+w)^2(1-w)}$).

• 수산경영론집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.44-56
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• 1983

This study is attempted to serve the fundamental theory for ‘The reorganization of Korean coastal and adjacent water fishery.’ On the Korean coastal and adjacent water fishery where one species stock is catched by multiple fisheries, traditional analysis is not suitable, as analyzing through adjusting the heterogeneous fishing effort among the fisheries to an unit having same fishing strength. Therefore, this study presents the ‘Multi-Variable Model’, adopting fishing effort from each fishery as independent variable, respectively, in order to analyze the quantitative fluctuation of fishery resource not with fishing strength but with amount of fishing effort, measured by the unit of each fishery. For the sake of simplication, this study assumes that one species is catched by two fishery, premise two assumption. 1) Every fishery has not the selectivity in fishing 2) The promotion of fishing efficiency is accomplished in the same speed. Resource equilibrium equation of each fishery is; $$CPUE_1=\frac{Y_1}{E_1}=a_1+ b_1\cdot E_1+c_1\cdot E_1$$ $$CPUE_1=\frac{Y_1}{E_1}=a_1+ b_1\cdot E_1+c_1\cdot E_1$$ Sustainable yield equation is; $$SY_1=a_1\cdot E_1+\cdot b_1E{_1}{^2}+c_1\cdot E_1\cdot E_1$$ $$SY_1=a_1\cdot E_1+b_1\cdot E_1\cdot E_1+c_1\cdot E{_1}{^2}$$ This study is rudimentary, hereafter, refinemental analysis will be supplemented.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2010

Novel influenza A (H1N1) is a newly emerged flu virus that was first detected in April 2009. Unlike the avian influenza (H5N1), this virus has been known to be able to spread from human to human directly. Although it is uncertain how severe this novel H1N1 virus will be in terms of human illness, the illness may be more widespread because most people will not have immunity to it. In this study, we compared the codon usage bias between the novel H1N1 influenza A viruses and other viruses such as H1N1 and H5N1 subtypes to investigate the genomic patterns of novel influenza A (H1N1). Totally, 1,675 nucleotide sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of influenza A virus, including H1N1 and H5N1 subtypes occurring from 2004 to 2009, were used. As a result, we found that the novel H1N1 influenza A viruses showed the most close correlations with the swine-origin H1N1 subtypes than other H1N1 viruses, in the result from not only the analysis of nucleotide compositions, but also the phylogenetic analysis. Although the genetic sequences of novel H1N1 subtypes were not exactly the same as the other H1N1 subtypes, the HA and NA genes of novel H1N1s showed very similar codon usage patterns with other H1N1 subtypes, especially with the swine-origin H1N1 influenza A viruses. Our findings strongly suggested that those novel H1N1 viruses seemed to be originated from the swine-host H1N1 viruses in terms of the codon usage patterns.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.79-91
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• 2021

γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (Gcs1) and glutathione reductase (Glr1) activity maintains minimal levels of cellular methylglyoxal in Candida albicans. In glutathione-depleted Δgcs1, we previously saw that NAD(H)-linked methylglyoxal oxidoreductase (Mgd1) and alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh1) are the most active methylglyoxal scavengers. With methylglyoxal accumulation, disruptants lacking MGD1 or ADH1 exhibit a poor redox state. However, there is little convincing evidence for a reciprocal relationship between methylglyoxal scavenger genes-disrupted mutants and changes in glutathione-(in)dependent redox regulation. Herein, we attempt to demonstrate a functional role for methylglyoxal scavengers, modeled on a triple disruptant (Δmgd1/Δadh1/Δgcs1), to link between antioxidative enzyme activities and their metabolites in glutathione-depleted conditions. Despite seeing elevated methylglyoxal in all of the disruptants, the result saw a decrease in pyruvate content in Δmgd1/Δadh1/Δgcs1 which was not observed in double gene-disrupted strains such as Δmgd1/Δgcs1 and Δadh1/Δgcs1. Interestingly, Δmgd1/Δadh1/Δgcs1 exhibited a significantly decrease in H2O2 and superoxide which was also unobserved in Δmgd1/Δgcs1 and Δadh1/Δgcs1. The activities of the antioxidative enzymes erythroascorbate peroxidase and cytochrome c peroxidase were noticeably higher in Δmgd1/Δadh1/Δgcs1 than in the other disruptants. Meanwhile, Glr1 activity severely diminished in Δmgd1/Δadh1/Δgcs1. Monitoring complementary gene transcripts between double gene-disrupted Δmgd1/Δgcs1 and Δadh1/Δgcs1 supported the concept of an unbalanced redox state independent of the Glr1 activity for Δmgd1/Δadh1/Δgcs1. Our data demonstrate the reciprocal use of Eapx1 and Ccp1 in the absence of both methylglyoxal scavengers; that being pivotal for viability in non-filamentous budding yeast.