• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is one of the four subtypes of gastric carcinoma (GC), as defined by the novel classification recently proposed by The Cancer Genome Atlas. EBVaGC has several clinicopathological features such as longer survival and higher frequency of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) and carcinoma with Crohn's disease-like lymphoid reaction that distinguish it from EBV-negative GC. The intensity and pattern of host cellular immune response in GC have been found to significantly correlate with the prognosis of patients with GC, suggesting that immune reaction and tumor microenvironment have critical roles in the progression of GC, and in particular, EBVaGC. Here, we reviewed the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying prominent immune reactions in patients with EBVaGC. In EBVaGC, deregulation of the expression of immune response-related genes promotes marked intra-or peritumoral immune cell infiltration. The expression of programmed death receptor-ligand 1 is known to be increased in EBVaGC, and therefore, it has been proposed as a favorable prognostic factor for patients with EBVaGC, albeit some data supporting this claim are controversial. Overall, the underlying mechanisms and clinical significance of the host cellular immune response in patients with EBVaGC have not been thoroughly elucidated. Therefore, further research is necessary to better understand the role of tumor microenvironment in EBVaGC.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 게르마늄을 함유한 비특이 면역증가제를 산란계에 급여하였을 때 계란품질 및 면역반응에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 사양시험은 32주령 ISA Brown 산란계 144수를 공시하였으며, 처리구로는 대조구(CON; 기초사료), 대조구 사료 내 게르마늄이 0.5 ppm(GC0.5), 1.0ppm(GC1.00) 처리구로 구성되었다. 총 40 일간의 사양시험 기간동안, 난각강도에 있어서는 GC0.5처리구가 대조구 및 GC10. 처리구보다 유의적으로 낮게 평가되었다(quadratic effect, p<0.01). 난각두께에 있어서는 대조구와 처리구간에 통계적으로 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 난황색은 대조구와 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 난황계수에 있어서는 GC1.0 처리구가 다른 처리구와 비교하여 높게 평가되었다(quadratic effect, P<0.02). 혈청내 총 콜레스테롤 및 중성지질 함량에 있어서는 GC의 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 또한, 혈청 내 HDL 및 LDL+VLDL 콜레스테롤 함량에 있어서는 GC0.5 처리구가 다른 처리구와 비교하여 가장 낮게 평가되었으나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 혈중 내 적혈구 및 백혈구 농도는 비특이 면역증가제의 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다(linear effect, p<0.01) . 혈중내 hematocrit 함량은 대조구와 비교하여 게르마늄 용질액을 첨가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다(linear effect, p<0.01). 결론적으로, 산란계 사료내 GC의 첨가는 난각특성에는 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 사료되나, 산란계의 면역활성화를 유도할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of water extract of Ojayeonjonghwan (OYH) in GC-1 germ cell lines. Methods : DPPH radical scavenging activity and cell viability assays in GC-1 germ cell lines were performed. In addition, the protective effects of OYH against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in GC-1 germ cell lines were examined by measuring cell viability after H2O2 treatmet. The formation of ROS and the antioxidant enzymes activity such as SOD and catalase were measured in the same condition. Results : OYH scavenged DPPH radical dose-dependent manner and the IC50 was 63.79 ㎍/ml. OYH showed no cytotoxicity at concentration of 1, 10, 100 ㎍/ml. The hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity of GC-1 germ cell lines was protected to 53.66% by OYH at concentration of 10 ㎍/ml. OYH effectively inhibited ROS production in GC-1 germ cell lines. Mn SOD and catalase protein expression were significantly increased in GC-1 germ cell lines, but Cu/Zn SOD protein expression was not significantly changed. Conclusions : In conclusion, OYH has antioxidant activities against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in GC-1 germ cell lines.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.31-56
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• 1993

GC와 GC-MSD와 관능시험을 이용하여 Gardinia Jasmoniodes Ellis로 부터 제조한 Gardinia Absolute Oil의 특징적인 방향성분을 확인하였다. GC 분석 방법은 극성 비극성의 column인 Carbowax 20M과 SPB-1을 동시에 장착한 Double Column System을 이용하였으며 GC Workstation에 의한 자동적인 Retention Indexs Match System을 적용하여 분석된 data를 확인하였다. 시험적 판단 성분 9개를 포함하여 전부 51개의 성분을 확인하였다. 주요성분으로 Linalool, 여러 형태의 Farnesene, Jasmin lactone, Gamma undecalactone 그리고 Cis-3-hexene 유도체들이 있다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1993

GC/MS는 GC의 분리능과 질량분석기의 화합물의 확인 능력을 결합시킨 기기이다. 질량분석기는 1) 시료를 주입하는 시료 주입부 2) 이온을 형성시키는 ion source 3) 이온을 질량 대 하전비로 분리하는 질량 분석관 4) 분리된 이온을 감지하고 신호를 증폭하는 검출기 5) 검출된 신호로부터 질량스펙트럼을 만들고 데이터를 처리하는 데이터 시스템으로 구성된다. GC/MS는 혼합물을 GC로 분석하여 MS를 반복적으로 주사함으로써 시간에 따른 크로마토그램을 얻은 후 각 성분의 질량스펙트럼으로부터 물질 구조를 확인하는 scan mode와 특정 성분을 높은 감도로서 정량할 수 있는 SIM mode를 수행한다. GC/MS를 이용한 화장품 분석의 예로서 로션, 크림화운데이션, 염모제중의 휘발성분 분석과 비누중의 지방산 분석, 그리고 head space sampler/GC/MS를 이용한 치약 중의 휘발성분 분석 결과를 소개하였다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.319-338
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• 2022

Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC) has high morbidity and mortality, the cure rate of surgical treatment and drug chemotherapy is not ideal. Therefore, development of new treatment strategies is necessary. We aimed to identify the mechanism underlying Sp1 regulation of GC progression. Methods and Methods: The levels of Sp1, β-catenin, SET domain bifurcated 1 (SETDB1), and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD) were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The targets of SETDB1 were predicted by AnimalTFDB, and dual-luciferase reporter assay was used for confirming the combination of Sp1, β-catenin, and SETDB1. HGC27 or AGS cells (1×10⁶ cells/mouse) were injected into mice via the caudal vein for GC model establishment. The level of Ki67 was detected using immunohistochemistry, and hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for evaluating tumor metastasis in mice with GC. Results: HPGD was inhibited, while the protein levels of Sp1, β-catenin, and SETDB1 were up-regulated in GC tissues and cell lines. HPGD overexpression or SETDB1 silencing inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of GC cells, and Sp1 regulated the proliferation, invasion, and migration of GC cells in a β-catenin-dependent manner. Furthermore, HPGD served as a target of SETDB1, and it was negatively regulated by SETDB1; additionally, Sp1 and β-catenin bound to the SETDB1 promoter and negatively regulated HPGD expression. We proved that Sp1 regulated GC progression via the SETDB1/HPGD axis. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that Sp1 transcriptionally inhibited HPGD via SETDB1 in a β-catenin-dependent manner and promoted the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.436-442
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• 2011

In this study, the Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) emitted from wood-based panels were compared by two analytical methods using the GC/FID and the GC/MS. Japanese Larch, Yellow Poplar, Particle Board (PB) and Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) were selected as target materials. Major compounds emitted from the panels were Toluene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene and limonene. In case of TVOC using GC/FID method, MDF E2 (1,497 ${\mu}g/m^3$) revealed the highest concentration among all wood-based panels, while Japanese Larch (1,772 ${\mu}g/m^3$) showed the highest value with respect to GC/MS method. Furthermore, it was found that the amount of VOC emitted from panels was different depending upon analytical methods. This significant difference was attributed to analytical sensitivities of GC/FID and GC/MS for various VOC. Besides, it was found that the composition ratios of main VOC compounds were not significantly different.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.300-315
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• 2024

Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC) is among the deadliest malignancies and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a primary protein secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs); however, its role and mechanisms of action of Gal-1 in GC remain unclear. In this study, we stimulated GC cells with exogenous human recombinant galectin-1 protein (rhGal-1) to investigate its effects on the proliferation, migration, and resistance to cisplatin. Materials and Methods: We used simulated rhGal-1 protein as a paracrine factor produced by CAFs to induce GC cells and investigated its promotional effects and mechanisms in GC progression and cisplatin resistance. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assay confirmed that Gal-1 expression was associated with clinicopathological parameters and correlated with the expression of neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), c-JUN, and Wee1. Results: Our study reveals Gal-1 expression was significantly associated with poor outcomes. Gal-1 boosts the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells by activating the NRP-1/C-JUN/Wee1 pathway. Gal-1 notably increases GC cell resistance to cisplatin The NRP-1 inhibitor, EG00229, effectively counteracts these effects. Conclusions: These findings revealed a potential mechanism by which Gal-1 promotes GC growth and contributes to chemoresistance, offering new therapeutic targets for the treatment of GC.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.127-138
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• 2020

Purpose: Mucin 1 (MUC1) was identified as a gastric cancer (GC) susceptibility gene by genome-wide association studies in Asians and candidate gene studies in Europeans. This study aimed to investigate the association between the MUC1 rs4072037 polymorphism and GC in terms of the Lauren classification and long-term clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 803 patients with GC and 816 unrelated healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The association between the MUC1 rs4072037 variant and GC histological types and clinical outcomes, including tumor recurrence and prognosis was investigated. Results: The major A allele of rs4072037 was associated with increased GC risk (P<0.05). In subtype analysis, the association was most significant for diffuse-type GC (P<0.05) and in a dominant model (P<0.05), whereas there was no association with intestinal-type GC (P>0.05). Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed the heterozygote AG rs4072037 allele as an independent risk factor influencing tumor recurrence and disease-related death in diffusetype GC (P<0.05). but not in intestinal-type GC (P>0.05). Conclusions: The exonic single nucleotide polymorphism rs4072037 in MUC1 was associated with diffuse-type GC and was an independent risk factor influencing tumor recurrence and disease-related death in diffuse-type GC.

• 분석과학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1997

우리 나라 고교생 지원자들의 뇨 중에서 nicotine, cotinine 및 toluene을 GC/NPD, GC/FID 및 GC/MS를 이용하여 분석하여 그 분포도를 보았다. Nicotine과 cotinine은 뇨를 diethylether로 추출하고 원심분리한 뒤 그 유기층을 GC에 주입하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 흡연 군에서 nicotine의 농도 분포는 $4{\sim}630{\mu}g/L$이었고, cotinine은 $63{\sim}1,602{\mu}g/L$로 나타났다. 또한 톨루엔의 분석은 뇨 1mL에 citrium dextrose solution을 가해 $55^{\circ}C$에서 20분간 가열한 뒤 증기상 $250{\mu}L$를 GC에 주입하는 head space법을 이용하였다. 본 지원자들의 뇨에서 모두 톨루엔은 검출되지(검출한계 : 0.1mg/L) 않았다. 그러나 국립과학수사연구소에 의뢰되는 본드류 흡입자들의 뇨 중에서 톨루엔의 농도 분포는 0.1~28.0mg/L이었다.